Congenital esophageal stenosis is a narrowing of esophageal lumen that is present at birth, and may be asymptomatic in the neonate. Stenosis of the lower esophagus is a very rare form of esophageal obstruction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weight Loss

  We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with a history of allogenic bone marrow transplantation for two years, complaining with dysphagia and weight loss. Upper endoscopy revealed esophageal stenosis and extensive mucosa sloughing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The main symptoms include: difficulty swallowing food coming back up the throat from the stomach unintentional weight loss There are several different treatment options for benign esophageal strictures, including: Taking medications to reduce stomach [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Symptoms Signs of a narrowing include: Difficulty swallowing Having food come back up the throat from the stomach Cough, particularly at night Dehydration or weight loss Causes and Risk Factors Growths can be due to tumors, esophageal webs or cancer. [cedars-sinai.edu]

• Malnutrition

  Symptoms of esophageal strictures include: Difficult or painful swallowing Food feeling stuck in the throat Food coming back up the throat from the stomach Frequent hiccupping or burping Coughing or choking Heartburn Unintentional weight loss and malnutrition [lluh.org]

   Heart burn  Malnutrition  Dehyadration  Choking  Aspiration Pneumonia 14.  On the left images of a patient with a benign stricture high in the esophagus (arrow). [slideshare.net]

  The incidence of protein-calorie malnutrition of early childhood. Am J Public Health 1963;53:905-12. 21. Gurney JM, Jelliffe DB. [redalyc.org]

  […] following symptoms: swallowing becoming difficult or painful food feeling stuck in the throat food returning up to the mouth from the stomach unintentional weight loss heartburn frequent hiccupping or burping coughing or choking drooling dehydration or malnutrition [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Recurrent Respiratory Infections

  Other symptoms include saliva excess, failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections due to aspiration [4, 5, 6]. [jbsr.be]

• Dysphagia

  CONCLUSION: Pharyngeal and/or cervical esophageal stenosis may be the cause of dysphagia following radiation for head and neck cancer. Esophageal dilatations often offer temporary relief of the dysphagia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dysphagia

  CONCLUSION: Pharyngeal and/or cervical esophageal stenosis may be the cause of dysphagia following radiation for head and neck cancer. Esophageal dilatations often offer temporary relief of the dysphagia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Progressive Dysphagia

  Right: Tight stricture at the esophagogastric junction in a 98 year-old woman who had complained of progressive dysphagia to solids. [endoatlas.com]

  A 5-year-old girl with Stevens-Johnson syndrome developed progressive dysphagia secondary to esophageal stenosis. The authors resolved this by treating the patient with balloon dilatation. She has remained symptom-free for 10 months post-treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  dysphagia, may cause total obstruction Back to top [pathologyoutlines.com]

  In another recent paper (Weston, Thosani, Bektas, Oruc, & Bhutani, 2010), a 79-year-old male patient who presented with progressive dysphagia and had endoscopic and ultrasound findings compatible to esophageal cancer was found to have esophageal stricture [nursingcenter.com]

  Case Report An eleven-year old boy presented in our hospital outpatient department with a complaint of significant progressive dysphagia since last 2 years associated with regurgitation of food particles recently without history of significant weight [omicsonline.org]

Further workup was not pursued, as the patient refused initial endoscopy. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Being selective with the diagnostic workup is essential, and appropriate, timely referrals to an endoscopist merit consideration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Inappropriate treatment often is carried out before the correct diagnosis is established. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Descriptions of surgical techniques are included, as well as a discussion of potential complications of treatment modalities. [jhu.pure.elsevier.com]

Multivariable analyses indicated only esophageal stenosis as a common factor for poor prognosis. In addition, overall survival tended to decrease according to the GPS subgroups (median survival time (months): GPS0/GPS1/GPS2 16.1/14.9/8.7). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nevertheless, there have been reported certain cases where differentiation from malignancy was tricky, yet prognosis diverged significantly. [nursingcenter.com]

Treatment and prognosis The risk of Barrett esophagus in stricture is 20-40% and strictures should be evaluated endoscopically. [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis .—It is unfavorable in the large majority of cases. Where, there is but little structural change, repeated dilatation will effect a cure. Treatment .—It is very doubtful if medicines produce any influence on this unfortunate condition. [henriettes-herb.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) The stricture may come back in the future. This would require a repeat dilation. Possible Complications Swallowing problems may keep you from getting enough fluids and nutrients. [nicklauschildrens.org]

EUS was useful for determining the etiology of esophageal stenosis and, thus, the appropriate treatment strategy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We found that the long-term success rate of dilation of ES depends primarily upon the etiology of the stenosis. [omicsonline.org]

The length of stricture was longer (p=0.040) and the number of therapeutic sessions were increased (p=0.026) in corrosive stricture than other etiologies. [kci.go.kr]

Epidemiology[edit] Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects approximately 40% of adults. [en.wikipedia.org]

Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2015 Jul; 28 (3):603-61. [ PMC free article : PMC4451395 ] [ PubMed : 26016486 ] 7. DeLeo FR, Diep BA, Otto M. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnosis and management Submit data Epidemiology PHE has carried out mandatory enhanced surveillance of MRSA bacteraemia since October 2005 and of MSSA bacteraemia since January 2011 for NHS acute trusts; patient-level data of any MRSA and MSSA bacteraemias [gov.uk]

The Changing Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus [17 paragraphs]. Medscape Today [On-line article from Emerg Infect Dis 7(2), 2001]. Available FTP: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/414383 S15 (2004 March 16). [labtestsonline.cz]

In the last 10 years, there is a dramatic change in epidemiology of CA-MRSA as they invaded the health care settings. [intechopen.com]

We discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management of peptic esophageal strictures. This case illustrates the difficulty in managing high peptic strictures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Newborn Surgery, Third Edition provides a comprehensive compendium of the pathophysiology, investigation and management of neonatal disorders. [books.google.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: • Benign esophageal stricture describes a narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. • Benign esophageal stricture typically occurs when stomach acid and other irritants damage the lining of the esophagus over time. • This leads to inflammation [slideshare.net]

CONCLUSION: Biodegradable stents were useful for the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis, particularly for the prevention of post-ESD stenosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

They may also recommend them for long-term treatment to prevent recurrence. [healthline.com]