Presentation
Present OSHA standards for CCl4 are a time-weighted average (TWA) of 10 ppm and an acceptable ceiling of 25 ppm. ACGIH and NIOSH have recommended lowering the OSHA standard. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The next steps are to develop quantitative comparisons for presentation to the public. [isis-online.org]
The present report is the committee's 18th interim report. [books.google.com]
If it is present above this level, the system must continue to monitor this contaminant. [freedrinkingwater.com]
Because of the health hazards of long-term exposure to carbon tetrachloride, it should only be used where there is adequate ventilation present. [science.jrank.org]
Entire Body System
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Unconsciousness
Following exposure to high concentrations, the victim may become unconscious, and, if exposure is not terminated, death can follow from respiratory fdure. [chemicalbook.com]
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
High concentrations of the vapour produce a narcotic effect and, if exposure is continued, unconsciousness and death may ensue from paralysis of the respiratory cent ret Repeated exposure to low concentrations for periods of a few weeks or longer may [fao.org]
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Exposure to Benzene
Several studies have shown that exposure to benzene has led to an increased incidence of leukemia. [isis-online.org]
Gastrointestinal
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Nausea
Systemic effects (from inhalation or ingestion) Nausea and vomiting are common. Dizziness, headache, disorientation and anorexia may occur. CNS depression is rapid in onset (Piersol et al., 1933). [vertigoexercises.us]
Short-term exposure can cause weakness, lethargy, nausea and vomiting. Chronic exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage as well as neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s. [gpwlaw.com]
Signs of acute poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and in severe cases anuria that can be fatal. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Inhalation of carbon tetrachloride can produce symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, stupor, and diarrhea. [chemicalbook.com]
Gastrointestinal effects Vanhoorne et al. (1992) reported a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal complaints (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence) in viscose rayon workers when compared to controls. [drdarrinlew.us]
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Vomiting
Systemic effects (from inhalation or ingestion) Nausea and vomiting are common. Dizziness, headache, disorientation and anorexia may occur. CNS depression is rapid in onset (Piersol et al., 1933). [vertigoexercises.us]
Abstract Following a period of prolonged severe vomiting, an intramural esophageal hematoma could be demonstrated by endoscopy and by X-ray in a 21 year old patient with hepatic and renal failure after exposure to carbon tetrachloride. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Signs of acute poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and in severe cases anuria that can be fatal. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. storage Carbon tetrachloride should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices". [chemicalbook.com]
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
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Abdominal Pain
It can cause: a persistent headache abdominal pain bloody stool dark-colored urine jaundice back pain hypertension organ failure death Poisoning can occur if you come into contact with high levels of this chemical. [healthline.com]
Inhalation of slightly higher concentration has effects of mental retardation, confusion, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. [chemicalbook.com]
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Gagging
In patients with deep coma the gag reflex may be reduced or absent (Piersol et al., 1933). Hyporeflexia, respiratory depression, cyanosis, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema may occur. Respiratory arrest may occur rarely. [vertigoexercises.us]
Cardiovascular
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Hypotension
Cardiac effects Chloroform causes depression of the cardiovascular system with hypotension and arrhythmias, including extrasystole, atrial block, SA block, bradycardia, bundle branch block, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrest [vertigoexercises.us]
Liver, Gall & Pancreas
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Jaundice
MOST physicians associate carbon tetrachloride poisoning with serious liver damage and jaundice. [nejm.org]
Jaundice from chloroform poisoning may be mistaken for viral hepatitis (Phoon et al., 1975; Phoon et al., 1983). [vertigoexercises.us]
It can cause: a persistent headache abdominal pain bloody stool dark-colored urine jaundice back pain hypertension organ failure death Poisoning can occur if you come into contact with high levels of this chemical. [healthline.com]
Visual disturbances (blind spots, spots before the eyes, a visual "haze," and restriction of the visual fields), secondary anemia, and occasionally a slight jaundice may occur. [chemicalbook.com]
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Hepatomegaly
Hepatic effects Fatty degeneration of the liver, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly may occur. Central hepatic necrosis may occur 10-48 hours post exposure. LFTs peak 3-4 days post exposure and return to normal within 6-8 weeks. [vertigoexercises.us]
In a control study, Vanhoorne et al. (1992) found hepatomegaly and raised y-glutamyltransferase in carbon disulphide exposed viscose rayon workers. [drdarrinlew.us]
Chronic poisoning is manifested as neurasthenia syndrome and gastrointestinal disorders with a few cases appearing hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function. Renal damage as well as optic neuritis and peripheral neuritis are very rare. Check items 1. [chemicalbook.com]
Eyes
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Blurred Vision
Blurred vision, dizziness, confusion and nerve damage. Nausea and vomiting. Irregular heartbeat and changes in blood pressure. [dhs.wisconsin.gov]
Immediate symptoms can include: a headache dizziness fatigue confusion blurred vision warmth in your stomach if you ingested liquid carbon tetrachloride Exposure to extremely high or concentrated doses may cause: vomiting stomach pain death Delayed symptoms [healthline.com]
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Retinal Lesion
The fundus anomalies consisted of either discrete pigmentary changes in the posterior pole or microvascular retinal lesions (DeLaey et al., 1980). [drdarrinlew.us]
Urogenital
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Dark Urine
Symptoms of liver and kidney damage may follow later with development of dark urine, sometimes jaundice and liver enlargement, followed by scanty urine, albuminuria, and renal casts; uremia may develop and cause death. [chemicalbook.com]
Neurologic
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Dizziness
Dizziness, headache, disorientation and anorexia may occur. CNS depression is rapid in onset (Piersol et al., 1933). There may be drowsiness followed by coma which may last for many hours. [vertigoexercises.us]
Risks: Short-term exposure to carbon tetrachloride can result in headache, dizziness, irregular heartbeats and lightheadedness. Physical contact may result in burning and irritation of the skin and eyes. [legalmatch.com]
Because of both the short- and long-term effects of exposure, including nausea, dizziness, neurodegenerative disease and cancer, OSHA limits lengths of allowable exposure in workplaces. [gpwlaw.com]
Blurred vision, dizziness, confusion and nerve damage. Nausea and vomiting. Irregular heartbeat and changes in blood pressure. [dhs.wisconsin.gov]
Immediate symptoms can include: a headache dizziness fatigue confusion blurred vision warmth in your stomach if you ingested liquid carbon tetrachloride Exposure to extremely high or concentrated doses may cause: vomiting stomach pain death Delayed symptoms [healthline.com]
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Confusion
Blurred vision, dizziness, confusion and nerve damage. Nausea and vomiting. Irregular heartbeat and changes in blood pressure. [dhs.wisconsin.gov]
Immediate symptoms can include: a headache dizziness fatigue confusion blurred vision warmth in your stomach if you ingested liquid carbon tetrachloride Exposure to extremely high or concentrated doses may cause: vomiting stomach pain death Delayed symptoms [healthline.com]
Inhalation of slightly higher concentration has effects of mental retardation, confusion, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. [chemicalbook.com]
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Stupor
Inhalation of carbon tetrachloride can produce symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, stupor, and diarrhea. [chemicalbook.com]
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Vertigo
You see, I know exactly what you are going through right now, believe me, I understand because I have been there & experienced vertigo at it's worst! Get My Free Ebook [vertigoexercises.us]
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Hyporeflexia
Hyporeflexia, respiratory depression, cyanosis, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema may occur. Respiratory arrest may occur rarely. The breath usually has a chloroform odour. [vertigoexercises.us]
Workup
Urine
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Ketonuria
There may be proteinuria, haematuria, albuminuria, glucosuria, ketonuria and red cells and granular casts in urine (Schroeder, 1965). [vertigoexercises.us]
Treatment
Treatment with extract at three different altered all measured biochemical variables, but greater hepatic-renal protection was observed at higher doses (750 mg/kg bwt) than at lower does (250 and 500 mg/kg bwt). [dl.begellhouse.com]
Removal of the source of exposure and avoidance of other hepatotoxicants is the only treatment for chronic carbon tetrachloride toxicity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
However, immediate treatment is essential. With larger exposures, poisoning can have more serious and potentially fatal consequences. Early treatment is key to your long-term outlook. [healthline.com]
Treatment Mainly apply symptomatic treatment on the nervous system and liver and kidney damage. [chemicalbook.com]
Prognosis
[…] the same authors repeated direct ophthalmoscopic/colour fundus photographic examinations (three times in five years) on 214 carbon disulphide exposed workers, to determine the effects of exposure cessation on the course of retinopathy, and develop a prognosis [drdarrinlew.us]
Etiology
This is not surprising, since knowledge of this substance stems from medical-school teaching, in which carbon tetrachloride was cited as an etiologic agent in toxic cirrhosis or acute atrophy of the liver and emphasis was placed on the risk of liver damage [nejm.org]
Thus, it may be concluded that jaggery can be used to reduce hepatic and renal damage and may serve as an alternative medicine in hepatic and renal etiology. [dl.begellhouse.com]
Epidemiology
Chronic exposure There is a vast amount of literature on the chronic effects of carbon disulphide mainly generated from epidemiology studies on viscose rayon workers. [drdarrinlew.us]
Few epidemiological studies have examined the effects of solvents on head and neck cancers, and even fewer the effects of chlorinated solvents on these cancers. Previous epidemiological studies have most examine exposure to non-specific solvents. [ehjournal.biomedcentral.com]
J A Tomenson, C E Baron, J J O'Sullivan, J C Edwards, M D Stonard, R J Walker, D M Fearnley ICI Epidemiology Unit, Northwich, Cheshire. [oem.bmj.com]
Prevention
This report will inform planning, response, and prevention in the community, the workplace, transportation, the military, and the remediation of Superfund sites. [books.google.com]
Avoid using epinephrine and alcohol-containing drugs, to prevent induced ventricular fibrillation and aggravation of the disease. Special attention should be paid to prevention and treatment of liver and kidney failure. [chemicalbook.com]
EPA has set this level of protection based on the best available science to prevent potential health problems. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for carbon tetrachloride, called a maximum contaminant level ( MCL ), at 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb. [safewater.zendesk.com]
(ERG, 2016) Protective Clothing Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
We also recommend exploring the Prevention Policies Directory, a freely-accessible online tool offering information on policies related to cancer and chronic disease prevention. [carexcanada.ca]