Several challenges associated with the development of toxicant exposure and cell culture methods suitable for HTS studies are presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chloropicrin does not present a risk of concern to wild mammals, birds, bees, invertebrates, freshwater or marine invertebrates, fish and amphibians. [hc-sc.gc.ca]

(DuPont, 2018) First Aid EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

• Cough

  Some patients with severe coughs fail to develop serious lung injury, while o thers with little sign of early respiratory tract irritation develop fatal pulmonary edema. [floridapesticides.com]

  From 2002 to 2011, 787 people suffered symptoms including watery eyes, irritated lungs, coughing and headaches as a result of exposure to chloropicrin gas, state records show. [latimes.com]

  Chlorine gas often caused victims to cough and choke violently; phosgene, by contrast, caused much less coughing, resulting in increased gas inhalation. 2 Military forces even formulated a "white star" concoction consisting of a phosgene-chlorine mix, [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

  chest tightness, short breath, painful breathing, watery eyes Pulmonary edema, lung congestion and asphyxiation might not arise until 2-24 hours after overexposure Coughing, bloody sputum and general malaise may persist for several months Lung disease [sailhome.org]

  Exposure to vapors leads to coughing, labored breathing, sore throat, dizziness, bluish skin, vomiting, and in some instances, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. [2] Contact with skin or eyes Contact with chloropicrin can lead to chemical burns [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Nausea

  Nausea and vomiting may appear. As the edema progresses, discomfort, apprehension and dyspnea increase and frothy sputum develops. The patient may develop shock-like symptoms, with pale, clammy skin, low blood pressure and feeble, rapid heartbeat. [floridapesticides.com]

  Nausea, vomiting (emesis), and diarrhea. Headache. Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anxiety, lethargy, and fatigue. Bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis) is possible due to methemoglobinemia. [change.org]

  Exposed persons reported the following signs and symptoms: Eye pain, burning, or lacrimation (in 99% of cases) Respiratory symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, or upper respiratory irritation (51%) Gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea, vomiting, [emedicine.medscape.com]

  DELAYED EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE : Persons exposed to chloropicrin (PS) as a war gas were reported to have experienced nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea lasting for weeks. [cdc.gov]

  At least 336 other residents experienced burning eyes, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty in breathing; 14 people sought medical attention within the next few days. [hcn.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  abdominal pain, or diarrhea (47%) Headache (25%) Mortality/Morbidity Fatal chloropicrin exposures have been reported. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Lacrimation

  Under normal atmospheric conditions, chloropicrin is a volatile, colourless to faint yellow oily liquid, with an extremely irritating and penetrating smell that induces lacrimation. [medicinesinpregnancy.org]

  Chloropicrin is a lacrimator. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Eye tearing (lacrimation) is prominent." [change.org]

  Eye tearing (lacrimation) is prominent. EYE EXPOSURE : Intense painful irritation, tear production (lacrimation), and eye damage. [cdc.gov]

• Headache

  From 2002 to 2011, 787 people suffered symptoms including watery eyes, irritated lungs, coughing and headaches as a result of exposure to chloropicrin gas, state records show. [latimes.com]

  Headache. Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, anxiety, lethargy, and fatigue. Bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis) is possible due to methemoglobinemia. [change.org]

  To this group belong: CG - phosgene DP - diphosgene Cl - chlorine PS - chloropicrin During and immediately after exposure, there is likely to be coughing, choking, a feeling of tightness in the chest, nausea, and occasionally vomiting, headache and lachrymation [floridapesticides.com]

  The soil fumigant has been linked to a litany of health effects, such as respiratory ailments, skin irritation, and headaches, due to exposure to drift in surrounding areas over recent years. [beyondpesticides.org]

  […] following signs and symptoms: Eye pain, burning, or lacrimation (in 99% of cases) Respiratory symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, or upper respiratory irritation (51%) Gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea (47%) Headache [emedicine.medscape.com]

Workups performed after symptomatic chloropicrine exposure should include CK-level determination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Workup Diagnosis Treatment Complications Causes Epidemiology Incidence. SAFETY DATA SHEET _____. The odor threshold is reportedly. Exposure to Chloropicrin. [markets-acquire.gq]

There are no guidelines regarding the treatment of chloropicrin poisoning during pregnancy. Where required, treatment should be the same as for the non-pregnant patient. [medicinesinpregnancy.org]

Fumigation is an effective treatment technique however, it’s not a prevention method. Fumigation controls drywood termite colonies that are active at the time of treatment, but offers no protection against future colonies. [termites.com]

Treatments for toxicant-induced corneal injury are generally supportive as no specific therapeutics exist to treat these injuries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chloropicrin exposure symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for. Page of emergency medical treatment guide chloropicrin vapor exposure resulting from treated field vapor. With alternative diagnoses. [markets-acquire.gq]

The presence or absence of these symptoms is of little value in immediate prognosis. [floridapesticides.com]

Workup Diagnosis Treatment Complications Causes Epidemiology Incidence. SAFETY DATA SHEET _____. The odor threshold is reportedly. Exposure to Chloropicrin. [markets-acquire.gq]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Chloropicrin is commonly used as a soil fumigant for agricultural pest control. [3] Human exposures have occurred in the United States, usually in residential areas in close proximity to agricultural areas. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Inhalation Overexposure leads to irritation of the nose and throat. Chloropicrin is a lacrimator. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Link: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750034.html Chloropicrin - CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - CHLOROPICRIN (PS) : Lung Damaging Agent Quoted [change.org]

Growers will be restricted to fumigating 40 acres a day unless they use stronger tarps to prevent the chemical from drifting away. [latimes.com]

It is more difficult to prevent drywood termite infestations than subterranean termite infestations, since there are more potential entry points for drywood termites. [termites.com]

Examination of the previously discussed Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program cases revealed that conducting the applications according to label directions and local permit conditions was not always adequate to prevent off-site exposure or resultant [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emergency Preparedness and Response website. April 12, 2013. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/phosgene/basics/facts.asp. Accessed February 26, 2014. Facts about chlorine. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]