Presentation
Health workers at primary level or in a trauma department should have a good knowledge of the presentation and management of ocular injuries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The most obvious presentation of ocular (eye) injuries is redness and pain of the affected eyes. This is not, however, universally true, as tiny metallic projectiles may cause neither symptom. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Care Advice for Minor Eye Injuries Small Cuts, Scratches or Scrapes Treatment: For any bleeding, put direct pressure on the wound. Use a gauze pad or clean cloth. Press for 10 minutes or until the bleeding has stopped. [stlouischildrens.org]
The Eye Trauma Service of New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai (NYEE) is the leading facility in the metropolitan area for expert care and treatment of severe eye injuries. [nyee.edu]
Up until circa 1987, pressure patches were the preferred method of treatment for corneal abrasions in non-contact lens wearers; Multiple controlled studies conducted by accredited organizations such as the American Academy of Ophthalmology have shown [en.wikipedia.org]
Prognosis
Many chemical injuries are caused by acid (e.g. exploding car battery), and these usually have a good prognosis as the acid damages only the superficial layers of the cornea. Alkali burns (e.g. ammonia) are less common, but much more severe. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
"The epidemiology of serious eye injuries from the United States Eye Injury Registry". Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 238 (2): 153–57. doi : 10.1007/pl00007884. PMID 10766285. Shukla B. Epidemiology of ocular trauma. Jaypee Brothers; 2002. [en.wikipedia.org]
Pearlman JA, Au Eong KG, Kuhn F, Pieramici DJ: Airbags and eye injuries: epidemiology, spectrum of injury, and analysis of risk factors. Surv Ophthalmol 2001;46: 234-242. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD: Eye injury and the air bag. [karger.com]
Prevention
Health workers must be able to skillfully handle injuries to ocular structures in a way that aims to restore vision and prevent further loss of vision. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]