Health workers at primary level or in a trauma department should have a good knowledge of the presentation and management of ocular injuries.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The most obvious presentation of ocular (eye) injuries is redness and pain of the affected eyes. This is not, however, universally true, as tiny metallic projectiles may cause neither symptom.[en.wikipedia.org]
"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013".[en.wikipedia.org]
Existing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, bleeding disorders and allergies need to be identified. The examination NOTE: If you suspect an open globe injury, stop.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Record the location, size and appearance of obvious injuries such as lacerations, swelling (contusions) or foreign bodies (FB). Note any proptosis ( Figure 2 ) or enophthalmos ( Figure 3 ). Visual acuity.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Based on the injury to the eyewall(outer fibrous coat of the eye consisting of cornea and sclera) Closed globe injury : The eye globe is intact, but the seven rings of the eye have been classically described as affected by blunt trauma.Types include:1) Contusion[en.wikipedia.org]
In the cases of chemical burns, one should not try to buffer the solution, but instead dilute it with copious flushing. Patching [ edit ] Depending on the type of ocular injury, either a pressure patch or shield patch should be applied.[en.wikipedia.org]
Traumatic enophthalmos (right eye). Figure 4: Everting the upper eyelid using a cotton bud. Figure 5: Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage. Figure 6. Hyphaema. Step 2: Using a source of light For the next steps, use a source of light.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The Eye Trauma Service also treats patients with other ocular emergencies, such as strokes of the eye, detached retina, acute painful glaucoma, and infections.[nyee.edu]
In this circumstance, a virulent infection caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is at a clearly delineated increased risk for occurrence.[en.wikipedia.org]
Care Advice for Minor Eye Injuries Small Cuts, Scratches or Scrapes Treatment: For any bleeding, put direct pressure on the wound. Use a gauze pad or clean cloth. Press for 10 minutes or until the bleeding has stopped.[stlouischildrens.org]
The Eye Trauma Service of New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai (NYEE) is the leading facility in the metropolitan area for expert care and treatment of severe eye injuries.[nyee.edu]
Up until circa 1987, pressure patches were the preferred method of treatment for corneal abrasions in non-contact lens wearers; Multiple controlled studies conducted by accredited organizations such as the American Academy of Ophthalmology have shown[en.wikipedia.org]
Many chemical injuries are caused by acid (e.g. exploding car battery), and these usually have a good prognosis as the acid damages only the superficial layers of the cornea. Alkali burns (e.g. ammonia) are less common, but much more severe.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
"The epidemiology of serious eye injuries from the United States Eye Injury Registry". Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 238 (2): 153–57. doi : 10.1007/pl00007884. PMID 10766285. Shukla B. Epidemiology of ocular trauma. Jaypee Brothers; 2002.[en.wikipedia.org]
Health workers must be able to skillfully handle injuries to ocular structures in a way that aims to restore vision and prevent further loss of vision.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]