The book provides presentations of participants relating to selected aspects of immune regulation and its role in autoimmune thyroid diseases. [books.google.com]

Some eye muscle disorders are due to genetic problems that are present at birth. Other times, an eye injury or another medical condition can result in the development of eye muscle disorders later in life. [nicklauschildrens.org]

Broken pursuit is a non-specific sign if present in both directions and may occur with fatigue and anticonvulsant drugs. [jnnp.bmj.com]

The tremor cannot be due to a non-medication condition that was present prior to starting the medication and cannot continue to be present following discontinuation of the medication. [minddisorders.com]

Thurtell, MBBS, MSc February 9, 2015 Chief complaint " Double vision" History of Present Illness A 77-year-old female presented with a complaint of intermittent, binocular, horizontal diplopia that had been present for the last six months. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

• Pneumonia

  Most deaths related to myotonic dystrophy are related to pneumonia, breathing problems or heart problems. [nhs.uk]

  Causes “pneumonia,” (skin) rashes, and seizures. Usually results from “exon” skipping in the gene encoding an enzyme necessary for the survIval of certain neurons that control sensation and involuntary responses. [richardsonthebrain.com]

• Hypertension

  Retinopathy related to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (preeclampsia, PIH) - Hypertensive retinopathy from PIH can cause numerous retinal hemorrhages and in some cases floaters or blind spots in the vision. [richmondeye.com]

  People with nystagmus may hold their head in unusual positions or nod their head in an attempt to compensate for the condition. more information >> [back to top] Ocular Hypertension Ocular hypertension is an above-normal increase in the pressure in your [aoa.org]

  Myasthenia Gravis Paralysis due to diabetes or hypertension Diabetes or high blood pressure may cause a relative ischemia (deprivation of blood supply). [strabismus.org]

  Patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy are typically 60 years old or more and may have vasculopathic risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and smoking, Dr. Arnold said. [healio.com]

  Past Ocular History Pseudophakia, both eyes (OU) No history of childhood strabismus Past Medical History Osteoporosis No history of diabetes, hypertension, or thyroid disease Medications Calcium Vitamin C Allergies None Family History Diabetes and cardiovascular [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

• Muscle Spasm

  A comparative trial of botulinum toxin type A and methylprednisolone for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome and pain from chronic muscle spasm. Pain 2000;85: 101-105. ‎ [books.google.de]

  Treatment will depend on your diagnosis but could include medical therapies, botulinum toxin injections to stop muscle spasm for disorders, such as hemifacial spasm, and surgical treatments, such as eye muscle surgery to restore straight eye alignment [uofmhealth.org]

  The clinical manifestation is infiltrating exophthalmic tissues, bulbar conjunctiva edema, ophthalmus muscles spasm and anopsia. ②It is a special auto immune disease. [dict.cnki.net]

  The frequency and severity of the muscle spasms generally increases over a period of one to two years. Sometimes eye dystonia is experienced together with mouth, jaw or tongue dystonia (oromandibular). The medical term for this is Meige’s syndrome. [dystonia.org.uk]

  Hemifacial Spasm Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary contraction of facial muscles. HFS usually occurs only on one side of the face. [med.umich.edu]

• Diplopia

  Is the diplopia monocular or binocular? Whether the diplopia is monocular or binocular should be determined first. [jnnp.bmj.com]

  Neuro-Ophthalmology Diplopia – Double Vision Diplopia, also known as double vision, occurs in one of two ways. The double vision is either present with one eye open (monocular diplopia) or only with both eyes open (binocular diplopia). [eye.uci.edu]

  What is the significance of horizontal diplopia (where the images are side-by-side) as opposed to vertical diplopia? Answer 4-5. [dartmouth.edu]

  Strabismus can cause vision loss, trouble with depth perception, or double vision (which doctors call diplopia). [everydayhealth.com]

• Blepharospasm

  Click here to download our leaflet on Blepharospasm. Eye dystonia (the medical term is Blepharospasm ) is uncontrollable and often painful muscle contractions around the eye. [dystonia.org.uk]

  Like blepharospasm, the frequency of contractions in hemifacial spasm may range from intermittent to frequent and constant. The unilateral blepharospasm of HFS may be particularly troublesome, interfering with routine tasks such as driving. [med.umich.edu]

  It may also help with another eye problem called blepharospasm (eyelid spasms). Botox is found in a rare but serious form of food poisoning called botulism. [everydayhealth.com]

  People with PD who have blepharospasm may benefit from injections of botulinum toxin in the muscle surrounding the eye. [apdaparkinson.org]

  […] optic neuropathy - optic neuropathy from obstruction of blood vessels Ocular myasthenia gravis – an autoimmune disorder that causes weakened eye muscles Focal dystonias – movement disorders that affect the eyes and face, including hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm [uofmhealth.org]

• Visual Impairment

  Also known as cerebral visual impairment, cortical visual impairment (CVI) may be temporary or permanent. People with cortical visual impairment have difficulty using what their eye sees. [afb.org]

  Cortical Visual Impairment : Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is vision loss due to any abnormality of the visual center in the brain. [dmei.org]

  It is estimated that 4% of children suffer from this form of visual impairment. If not treated early enough, an amblyopic eye may never develop good vision and may even become functionally blind. Amblyopia has many causes. [wolfeeyeclinic.com]

  Sources of support If eye dystonia is causing visual impairment, the following may be helpful sources of support: The Royal National Institute for Blind People (RNIB) Your local Sensory Support service. [dystonia.org.uk]

  Speech disorder Speech impairment Speech impediment [ more ] 0002167 Optic atrophy 0000648 Strabismus Cross-eyed Squint Squint eyes [ more ] 0000486 Visual impairment Impaired vision Loss of eyesight Poor vision [ more ] 0000505 30%-79% of people have [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

• Photophobia

  Nausea and vomiting, photophobia (avoiding light), and phonophobia (avoiding noise or even sound) are more frequent in this type of migraine than in migraine with aura. [pediatricweb.com]

  Conjunctivitis is usually associated with redness of the white part of the eyes, light sensitivity (photophobia), excessive tearing, ocular discomfort (gritty sensation, itching, burning), and/or discharge. [afb.org]

  Leber congenital amaurosis is also associated with other vision problems, including an increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus), and extreme farsightedness (hyperopia). [richardsonthebrain.com]

• Redness of Eye

  Thyroid eye disease is often diagnosed at the same time as Graves’ disease. The signs and symptoms described above such as red, swollen eyes will prompt the doctor to suspect thyroid eye disease. [yourhormones.info]

  It is sometimes called "pink eye" or "red eye." It can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, or a feeling of something in the eye. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

• Stroke

  Essentially, Concussion or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) or Acquired Brain Injury is an insult to the brain, such as a blow to the head, stroke, or neurological dysfunction. [braininjuries.org]

  Other common causes include: migraines thyroid disease stroke brain injury brain tumor infection Ophthalmoplegia is slightly more likely to occur in people with diabetes. [healthline.com]

  In certain cases, this condition can also be brought on by neurological disorders, stroke or head trauma. Usually, however, VH is a congenital condition present from birth, and it tends to run in families. [vision-specialists.com]

  Patients after stroke also often have visual problems stemming from neurologic damage. [healio.com]

  Our physicians specialize in the full range of neurological conditions in children, adolescents, and adults – including stroke, epilepsy, headache, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain and spinal tumors, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic [mountsinai.org]

• Nystagmus

  I know of no exercises or natural remedies for nystagmus. Andrew Weil, M.D. [drweil.com]

  An oculographic reduction of the nystagmus is measured by the Nystagmus Acuity Function (NAF), considered a primary outcome. Phase II of the study includes binocular visual acuity as a second primary outcome. [clinicaltrials.gov]

  Also known as: eye movement disorders, strabismus, nystagmus What are eye muscle disorders? The motion of the eyes as a person moves them to look around is controlled by muscles. [nicklauschildrens.org]

  Nystagmus Nystagmus can be classified into two categories based on the velocity of both phases. [jnnp.bmj.com]

  There is no cure for some kinds of eye movement disorders, such as most kinds of nystagmus. [icdlist.com]

• Ataxia

  A common hereditary ataxia is Friedreich's (recessive) ataxia. Sporadic ataxias occur spontaneously in individuals with no known family history of ataxia. [med.umich.edu]

  Miller-fisher syndrome: Is the ataxia central or peripheral? Cerebellum Ataxias 2015;2:3. 4. Aranyi Z, Kovacs T, Sipos I, Bereczki D. Miller fisher syndrome: brief overview and update with a focus on electrophysiological findings. [jkna.org]

  The severity of the resulting ataxia (uncoordinated movements) varies from person to person. Decreased muscle tone is common in children with Joubert syndrome. [apraxia-kids.org]

  Miller Fischer syndrome, another type of Guillain-Barré syndrome, can result in ataxia, areflexia and eye muscle weakness. How common is the syndrome? The syndrome can affect anyone but it is more likely to attack people as they age. [news-medical.net]

  He developed multiple cranial nerves paralysis especially internal and external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and tetraparesis within 1 week. [dict.cnki.net]

• Tremor

  However, when tremors become persistent, it may be a sign of something else. Essential tremor (ET), also known as benign essential tremor, or familial tremor, is the most common movement disorder. [med.umich.edu]

  Most available information on medication-induced postural tremor is about lithium-induced tremor. The prevalence of this condition is about 40%. [minddisorders.com]

  Tremors can happen at any age. They are more common in older people. Everyone has some tremor when they move their hands. Stress, fatigue, anger, fear, caffeine, and smoking may make this type of tremor worse. [richardsonthebrain.com]

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome

  References: NHS Choices on Guillain-Barré syndrome: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Guillain-Barre-syndrome/Pages/Introduction.aspx National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke on Guillain-Barré syndrome: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs [news-medical.net]

  For example, myasthenia gravis, botulism, and Guillain-Barré syndrome can affect muscles throughout the body, including the muscles that move the eyes. [msdmanuals.com]

Although a hypercoagulable workup may detect an abnormality, routine hematological workup may be unremarkable. Retinal vein occlusions are less common than arterial occlusions. [richmondeye.com]

Treatment of Convergence Insufficiency Treatments for CI can be categorized as active or passive: Active treatment : A multi-site randomized clinical trial funded by the National Eye Insitute has proven that the best treatment for convergence insufficiency [convergenceinsufficiency.org]

There are no effective treatments for tardive dyskinesia once it develops. Tardive dyskinesia is associated and strongly correlated with the cumulative dose of the antipsychotic during years of treatment. [minddisorders.com]

"And this is true up to 29 years following radiation treatment." [news.stanford.edu]

Treatment during the active phase of the disease focuses on preserving sight and the integrity of the cornea as well as providing treatment for double vision when it interferes with daily functioning and becomes bothersome. [umkelloggeye.org]

Treatment can be effective and the sooner it begins, the better. Treatment Amblyopia is a relatively common problem. Treatment tends to be more effective the younger the child is. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Person’s living with ophthalmoplegia have a positive prognosis and can live a normal life, but this is largely based on the underlying cause. If ophthalmoplegia is diagnosed early on prognosis improves and there is a reduced risk of complications. [belmarrahealth.com]

The underlying cause of your ophthalmoplegia will affect your overall prognosis. Genetic and mitochondrial diseases, a history of vascular disease or stroke, or genetic syndromes can vary your outlook drastically. [healthline.com]

Prognosis The prognoses for the early- and intermediate-onset of movement disorders are very good, especially with the option of switching the patient to a newer antipsychotic such as clozapine. [minddisorders.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Eye muscle surgery does not fix the poor vision of a lazy (amblyopic) eye. Your child may have to wear glasses or a patch. In general, the younger a child is when the operation is performed, the better the result. [ufhealth.org]

It is not intended to provide instruction and you should not rely on this information to determine diagnosis, prognosis or a course of treatment. It should not be used in place of a professional consultation with a doctor. [dystonia.org.uk]

Involution of the intermuscular connective tissue septum between the lateral rectus and superior rectus is the etiology of the diplopia and strabismus in SES. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Toxic effects from medications such as ethambutol are often suspected in the etiology of this disease, he said. A complete clinical evaluation is called for. [healio.com]

In my search of the literature, etiology is typically mentioned only when describing those cases excluded from a retrospective study. [vision-therapy-pa.com]

[Contribution on the etiology of the Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome]. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1969. 47(2):415-23. [Medline]. Laughlin R. Hereditary paralysis of the abducens nerve. Am J Ophthalmol. 1937. 20:396. MacDonald AL, Crawford JS, Smith DR. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Forensic Medicine (268) Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry (255) Neurology (248) Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology (166) Genetics (165) Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics (125) Infectology (98) Cardiology, Angiology (96) Endocrinology, Metabolism (91) Epidemiology [portal.mefanet.cz]

"[Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome]". J. Fr. Ophtalmol. (in French). 19 (8–9): 533–42. PMID 8944136. Further reading [ edit ] Andrews, Caroline V.; Hunter, David G.; Engle, Elizabeth C. (1993). "Duane Syndrome". [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Frequency United States The frequency of Duane syndrome in the general population of individuals with eye movement disorders (strabismus) is approximately 1%-5%. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The epidemiology of depression. In: Gotlib IH, Hammen CL, editors. Handbook of depression. 2. New York: Guilford Press; 2009. pp. 5–22. [Google Scholar] Knapen J, Sommerijns E, Vancampfort D, Sienaert P, Pieters G, Haake P, Peuskens J. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Paediatrics, Neonatology (352) Internal Medicine (339) Physiology and Pathophysiology (338) Pathology and Forensic Medicine (268) Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry (255) Neurology (248) Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology (166) Genetics (165) Surgery, Traumatology [portal.mefanet.cz]

IMAGING MRI of the orbits has been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of SES. Chaudhuri and Demer showed significant displacement of the LR-SR pulley in comparison to age-matched controls. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Pathophysiology Neuropathologic, neuroradiologic, and neurophysiologic data Findings from neuropathologic, neuroradiologic, and neurophysiologic studies support the hypothesis that Duane syndrome results from an absence of cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve [emedicine.medscape.com]

Can You Prevent Double Vision? Prevention of double vision relies on prevention of the underlying causes of the vision issue. [essilorusa.com]

[…] thyroid disease are reviewed; important observations with promising clinical implications in terms of immunogenetics of Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases are presented; and selection of appropriate therapy for Graves' thyrotoxicosis, and the possibility of preventive [books.google.com]

Treatments In an attempt to prevent acute dystonia from developing, physicians may prescribe a preventative medication along with the antipsychotic (see "Prevention," below). [minddisorders.com]

Preventing eye problems While eye problems and eye diseases become more prevalent with age, many can be prevented or corrected if you: See your family physician regularly to check for diseases that could cause eye problems, like diabetes. [my.clevelandclinic.org]