Two case reports are presented to illustrate these difficulties. Future studies should consider these empirical and conceptual difficulties in refining the diagnosis of factitious disorder with psychological symptoms for DSM-IV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patient B presented with physical and psychological symptoms. Patient C presented with mainly psychological symptoms. [primarypsychiatry.com]

Commonly presented clinical problems include hallucinations, depression, suicidal ideation, dissociative symptoms, and amnesia. Factitious disorders can cause serious morbidity and mortality. [scopemed.org]

The distinction between material and psychological incentives is an important one for "care behaviour" (Henderson 1974) in others is an important incentive, always present in such cases. [priory.com]

• Nightmare

  Case reports Case 1 A 46 years old, single, unemployed man, presented to the hospital complaining of sleeping disturbances (insomnia, nightmares), loss of appetite and recurrent depressive thoughts which began two months before, soon after his mother's [priory.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Case reports Case 1 A 46 years old, single, unemployed man, presented to the hospital complaining of sleeping disturbances (insomnia, nightmares), loss of appetite and recurrent depressive thoughts which began two months before, soon after his mother's [priory.com]

• Blood in Stool

  Drugs or chemicals are found in the child's urine, blood, or stool. Exams and Tests To diagnose Munchausen syndrome by proxy, providers have to see the clues. [mountsinai.org]

• Bruxism

  Agoraphobia 184 Models of Fear Reduction 192 Anxiety 201 Epidemiology 205 Summary and Conclusions 218 Multiple Personality 231 Atypical Dissociative Disorder 238 Summary and Conclusion 246 Classification 253 Theories 260 Research 271 Motor Disorders 279 Bruxism [books.google.com]

• Hysteria

  In the last 10 years there has been increased interest in deception in medical practice, with specific focus on pathological lying and the diagnostic dilemmas in this field: specifically, how to differentiate between hysteria, factitious disorders, and [oxfordmedicine.com]

  Hyler E.S, Spitzer R.L. (1978): Hysteria split asunder. Am. J. of Psychiatry 135:1500-1504. Nicholson S.D., Roberts G.A. (1994): Patients who (need to) tell stories. Brit. J. of Hospital Med. 51:546-549. [priory.com]

  In conversion disorder (previously called hysteria), a neurological deficit appears with no organic cause. The patient, again, is truly experiencing the symptoms and signs and has no intention to deceive. [en.wikipedia.org]

  It was the observation of conversion disorder (then known as “hysteria”) that first led Sigmund Freud to become interested in the psychological aspects of illness in his work with Jean-Martin Charcot. [open.lib.umn.edu]

  Its relationship to malingering, hysteria, and the physician-patient relationship. [link.springer.com]

• Denial

  However, even in situations where patients are caught “red-handed,” there may be an impressive level of denial with patients going so far as to assert that events never actually took place. [primarypsychiatry.com]

  Such denials are sometimes contradicted by surgical scars, by other evidence from the physical examination, or by laboratory, radiologic, or other test findings that suggest a significant medical or surgical history (eg, the presence of benign surgical [emedicine.medscape.com]

  This form of treatment can be unsuccessful if the family is uncooperative or displays signs of denial and/or antisocial disorder. Psychotherapy is another method used to treat the disorder. [en.wikipedia.org]

  However, as no clear structured methods are available to diagnose the FD and no clear guidelines are available to confront, precautionary methods need to be taken to avoid untoward outcomes like absconding and denial for follow-up. [ijpm.info]

• Suicidal Ideation

  Commonly presented clinical problems include hallucinations, depression, suicidal ideation, dissociative symptoms, and amnesia. Factitious disorders can cause serious morbidity and mortality. [scopemed.org]

  ideation with a plan to walk into traffic. [primarypsychiatry.com]

  Bethany had been seen once by a psychologist in early adolescence for suicidal ideation, but could not remember any specific mental health diagnosis. [ahcmedia.com]

• Psychomotor Retardation

  Patient C: Factitious Disorder with Predominantly Psychological Signs and Symptoms Patient C, a 38-year-old male, presented complaining of a 3–4-month history of depressed mood, poor energy, difficulty sleeping, poor appetite, psychomotor retardation, [primarypsychiatry.com]

• Compulsive Disorder

  The patient also freely reported a psychiatric history with multiple diagnoses, including bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, a history of anorexia nervosa, and Asperger’s syndrome [primarypsychiatry.com]

• Speech Disorder

  No objective signs (blocking, insomnia, speech disorders) were noted. During hospitalisation we noted frequent changes in symptomatology unrelated to medication. Once again, medical records were very informative. [priory.com]

• Tic Disorder

  ) thumb-sucking ( F98.8 ) tic disorders (in childhood and adolescence) ( F95.- ) Tourette's syndrome ( F95.2 ) trichotillomania ( F63.3 ) ICD-10-CM Codes Adjacent To F68.1 F65.8 Other paraphilias F65.9 Paraphilia, unspecified F66 Other sexual disorders [icd10data.com]

Preliminary workups reveal that there is no cyst or obstruction, no infection, and no apparent reason for the pain. The young woman demands surgery to remove her appendix. [luxury.rehabs.com]

[…] angry, disruptive, or attention-seeking behavior during hospitalization Evidence of pathologic lying in areas other than the presenting symptoms Fluctuating clinical course, including rapid development of complications or a new pathology if the initial workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] biological and neuropsychological factors important (impaired hemispheric communication); pre-existing psychiatric illness, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, somatization disorder Conversion Disorder - management thorough medical workup [quizlet.com]

[…] complications of Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (FDIOS) / Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIOA) include: The artificial production of illness can lead to emotional distress in the individual (or victim) and their family members Multiple workups [dovemed.com]

Invention of psychological symptoms never felt before by the patient and deliberate intervention in the psychiatric treatment to modify the evolution of the illness were less frequent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

133 Models for the Description of Abnormal Behavior 141 MMPI Models 147 Conclusion 157 Phobic Disorders 163 Theoretical Models of Fear Acquisition 174 Treatment of Agoraphobia 184 Models of Fear Reduction 192 Anxiety 201 Epidemiology 205 Summary and [books.google.com]

These unnecessary treatments could lead to severe adverse reactions. Improving diagnosis is important for both clinics and research. From clinical point of view, it permits a better management or at least avoids unnecessary treatments. [priory.com]

Indeed, the limited outcome studies that have been described suggest that a factitious psychological disorder has a worse prognosis than most other Axis I disorders. [health.am]

The prognosis is quite severe; in the previously cited article Pope shows that it is worse that the prognosis of schizophrenia. [priory.com]

Pain Disorder - course and prognosis varies; can be chronic and disabling; prognosis worse when: patient has characterological (personality) traits, is involved in litigation, is receiving financial compensation, using addictive substances Pain Disorder [quizlet.com]

Prognosis The prognosis of factitious disorder varies by subcategory. Males diagnosed with the psychological subtype of FD are generally considered to have the worst prognosis. Self-mutilation and suicide attempts are common in these individuals. [minddisorders.com]

However, every effort should be taken to protect them from doing further damage to themselves (or victims) The prognosis varies from fair to poor depending on the severity and chronicity (prolonged period). [dovemed.com]

Clayton Springer Science & Business Media, ١٥‏/٠٥‏/٢٠٠٨ - 799 من الصفحات Psychiatry has emerged as a burgeoning scientific field with major advances in etiology and treatment of several disorders. [books.google.com]

Identification of factitious psychological disorders also may be more difficult than identification of factitious physical disorders because verification of the etiology rests primarily with the patient. [health.am]

Dementia A true Dementia frequently has a demonstrable organic etiology or pathophysiological process. [dsm.wikia.com]

The treating physician should also seek consultations from specialists in other fields to exclude a medical etiology for the patient’s signs and symptoms. [primarypsychiatry.com]

Disorders e e e e e s e a e 332 Malingering 340 The Affective Disorders 349 Biological Considerations 369 Biological 375 Delusions a s e e 383 Theories of Delusional Thinking 399 Delusions as Rational Systematic Explanations 402 The Schizophrenias 411 Epidemiology [books.google.com]

Standard epidemiological techniques are constrained by the fact that Factitious Disorder always involves deception… » » In Factitious Disorder With Predominantly Psychological Signs and Symptoms, the intentional giving of approximate answers may occur [recurrentdepression.com]

The dearth of information available on factitious disorder and the difficulty in obtaining epidemiologic and diagnostic information should not preclude the possibility of more accurate diagnosis and better management. [primarypsychiatry.com]

Epidemiology The exact incidence of Münchhausen's syndrome is not known but it is rare. A survey of 106 hospital doctors in Germany estimated an incidence of factitious disorder of 1.3%. [patient.info]

[…] intentionally produced with sole objective to assume the role of patient; facitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms - Munchausen's syndrome; factitious disorder with predominantly psychological signs and symptoms Factious Disorder - epidemiology [quizlet.com]

Dementia A true Dementia frequently has a demonstrable organic etiology or pathophysiological process. [dsm.wikia.com]

Definition and Classification Somatization has been defined as the occurrence of one or more physical complaints for which appropriate medical evaluation reveals no explanatory physical pathology or pathophysiologic mechanism. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Response of an individual and his/her family to symptoms pathophysiological process and documentable lesions attention patients give to and how they interpret their bodily symptoms, and what action they take about their symptoms Abnormal Illness Behavior [quizlet.com]

Prevention There are no current guidelines to prevent factitious disorder. An overview of factitious disorders. Cleveland Clinic website. Available at: . Accessed October 4, 2017. Factitious disorder. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: . [wmhs.com]

Because the cause of factitious disorder is unknown, there's currently no known way to prevent it. [mayoclinic.org]

Prevention Recognition of Munchausen syndrome by proxy in the child-parent relationship can prevent continued abuse and unnecessary, expensive, and possibly dangerous medical testing. References Dubowitz H, Lane WG. Abused and neglected children. [mountsinai.org]

Prevention There are no current guidelines to prevent factitious disorder. References: An overview of factitious disorders. Cleveland Clinic website. Available at: . Accessed October 4, 2017. Huffman JC, Stern TA. [cancercarewny.com]