Fasciolopsiasis, denoting an intestinal infection by the trematode parasite Fasciolopsis buski, is regarded as a rare clinical entity in medical practice, but many reports have emphasized its frequent misdiagnosis and rather high prevalence rates [1] [2]. Studies show that between 25-50% of children harbor this parasite in countries such as China and Thailand [1]. F. buski lives in two hosts - humans and pigs, and it enters the human body after ingestion of contaminated food [3] [4]. Raw freshwater and aquatic plants (water chestnut, bamboo, lotus, water caltrops, hyacinth, etc.) are the principal sources of F. buski, but direct contact with infected pigs is also a potential mode of transmission [3] [5]. Signs and symptoms seem to correlate directly with the severity of infection [4] [6]. Milder cases are usually asymptomatic, whereas a range of gastrointestinal complaints - abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, may be seen in patients who ingest a large number of eggs [4] [5] [6] [7]. In addition, fever, edema (principally of the face and lower extremities), often as a result of an allergic reaction, and headaches are common symptoms [5] [6]. When the patients are suffering from a severe infestation, the gastrointestinal tract can be severely damaged due to erosions, ulceration and severe inflammation that could result in bleeding and become life-threatening [5] [6]. Furthermore, altered consciousness and multiorgan failure, although rare, have been reported [5]. For this reason, an early diagnosis is pivotal.

• Pain

  The symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca and intestinal obstruction. [wikidata.org]

  Thus, chronic abdominal pain should be investigated for the parasitic infection and treated accordingly. [parasitol.kr]

  Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, mucosal ulceration, intestinal obstruction, anasarca, and even fatality are described following heavy infestation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Malabsorption may lead to steatorrhea as well. [1,2,3,4,5] Abdominal pain Abdominal pain may be attributed to several causes. Severe parasitic load can cause widespread intestinal erosions, ulceration and rarely perforations. [explainmedicine.com]

• Fever

  The symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca and intestinal obstruction. [wikidata.org]

  A 5 year old girl hailing from Keraniganj, presented with the complaints of fever, periumbilical pain and vomiting. In vomitus, Fasciolopsis buski worm in adult form was identified by naked eye examination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] spirillary Rat bite fever streptobacillary Relapsing fever Respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory viruses miscellaneous Reyes syndrome Rheumatic fever Rhinoscleroma and ozena Rhodococcus equi infection Rickettsia felis infection Rickettsialpox [books.google.de]

  Most infections are light and asymptomatic, but heavy infections may cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and signs of malabsorption or intestinal obstruction. [msdmanuals.com]

• Asymptomatic

  The clinical presentation depends on the severity of infection, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening intestinal inflammation and bleeding. [symptoma.com]

  {clarify|date=November 2010} ==Signs and symptoms== Most infections are light and asymptomatic. In heavy infections, symptoms can include abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, anemia, ascites, toxemia, allergic... [encyclo.co.uk]

  Most infections are light and asymptomatic, but heavy infections may cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and signs of malabsorption or intestinal obstruction. [msdmanuals.com]

  While most cases of Fasciolopsiasis are asymptomatic or very short lasting, severe infections can cause intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, ascites, fever, diarrhea, and anasarca. [medic8.com]

• Malaise

  […] pathology of schistosomiasis diseases mainly affect kids and adults in endemic areas. initial reaction may be dermatitis from cercarical penetration acute pahse of heavy first infection presents with typhoid fever like symptoms, fever, cough, myalgias, malaise [quizlet.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  The symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca and intestinal obstruction. [wikidata.org]

  Thus, chronic abdominal pain should be investigated for the parasitic infection and treated accordingly. [parasitol.kr]

  Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, mucosal ulceration, intestinal obstruction, anasarca, and even fatality are described following heavy infestation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Malabsorption may lead to steatorrhea as well. [1,2,3,4,5] Abdominal pain Abdominal pain may be attributed to several causes. Severe parasitic load can cause widespread intestinal erosions, ulceration and rarely perforations. [explainmedicine.com]

  […] of the genus "Fasciolopsis" and characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea: common in the Far East. (22 of 29 words, pronunciation) dictionary.infoplease.com/fasciolopsiasis [memidex.com]

• Diarrhea

  The symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca and intestinal obstruction. [wikidata.org]

  In heavy infections, symptoms can include abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, anemia, ascites, toxemia, allergic... [encyclo.co.uk]

  […] of the genus "Fasciolopsis" and characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea: common in the Far East. (22 of 29 words, pronunciation) dictionary.infoplease.com/fasciolopsiasis [memidex.com]

  Allergenic responses Clinical Findings of Fasciolopsis buski diarrhea, nausea, vomiting vague abdominal pain leukocytosis eosinophilia Diagnosis of Fasciolopsis buski o&p Ova in stools or diarrhea Treatment of Fasciolopsis buski Prevention of Fasciolopsis [quizlet.com]

  These pathologies cause insidious onset diarrhea. These are usually watery in nature. Diarrhea may be alternating with constipation and hunger pangs. [explainmedicine.com]

• Nausea

  Side effects were mild and transient and consisted of headache, dizziness, nausea, sleepiness, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, diarrhea, epigastric pain, vomiting and lassitude. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Found on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolopsiasis fasciolopsiasis (fas″e-o-lop-si´ә-sis) infection of the intestine with large flukes of the genus Fasciolopsis, which may cause nausea, diarrhea, and a malabsorption syndrome. [encyclo.co.uk]

  The patient received a single dose of praziquantel (25 mg/kg) and had no recurrence of nausea at 1-year follow-up. Fasciolopsis buski is the largest human intestinal trematode, prevalent in Southeast Asia. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  Heavy infection may cause nausea, diarrhea, malabsorption, or intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis is made by microscopic identification of the fluke eggs or, more rarely, the adult flukes in the stool or vomitus. [rxlist.com]

• Constipation

  Diarrhea may be alternating with constipation and hunger pangs. Malabsorption may lead to steatorrhea as well. [1,2,3,4,5] Abdominal pain Abdominal pain may be attributed to several causes. [explainmedicine.com]

  Though infection is sometimes asymptomatic, at the site of attachment deep inflammatory ulcerations often occur, usually accompanied by nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, alternated with periods of constipation. [micro.magnet.fsu.edu]

  Case Report A female patient aged about 22 years from a district of eastern U.P., India was admitted in the surgical emergency of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, U.P., with complaints of absolute constipation, abdominal distension, fever and vomiting [tropicalgastro.com]

  Light infections with intestinal flukes such as F. buski are often characterized by mild symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, dizziness, and headache. [doi.org]

• Worms in Stool

  Only those cases were included in the study who passed adult worm of F. buski in their stool either spontaneously or following chemotherapy. [ijmm.org]

• Facial Edema

  Generalized allergic reaction is characterized by a facial edema. [2,4,5] Hives Generalized toxic and allergic reactions causes red, itchy, raised areas of skin that appear in varying shapes and sizes. [2,5] History of travel to endemic araes The patient [explainmedicine.com]

  On presentation, the patient appeared in no particular distress; however, there was some facial edema and pitting edema of the legs. The lungs and heart were normal. His laboratory findings included a marked eosinophilia and leukocytosis. [med-chem.com]

• Neglect

  The study aims to support and provide input to observers of the program and researchers so that efforts to control the disease neglected more focused and quickly achieved. [books.google.com]

  Fasciolopsiasis, endemic to the Orient and Southeast Asia, is a snail-transmitted, intestinal, food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by a trematode, ...Leggi tutto Fonte: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Fasciolopsiasis: Endemic focus of a neglected parasitic disease [mondomedicina.it]

  Fascilopsis: Endemic focus of a neglected parasitic disese in Bihar. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015;33:364-8. [ijcmph.com]

  WHO includes the fasciolopsiasis along with the other foodborne trematodiases in its special program for the neglected zoonotic diseases, a subset of neglected tropical diseases which require a special integrated approach to control and elimination, in [parasitol.kr]

  Despite the considerable public health impact and the emerging nature of food-borne trematodiases ( 17, 49, 68 ), these diseases are among the most neglected of the so-called neglected tropical diseases ( 25, 42, 98 ). [doi.org]

To identify F. buski as the causative agent of the patient's symptoms, a detailed clinical investigation must be conducted. A thorough patient history, especially about recent travel to Southeast Asia (or if they are residents of the area) and contact with pigs or ingestion of local aquatic plants, is of importance for gaining sufficient evidence to make a presumptive diagnosis. Physical examination may reveal typical symptoms, after which microbiological studies, the cornerstone of infectious disease diagnostics, are necessary. At this moment, fasciolopsiasis is diagnosed by identifying F. buski eggs or adult worms in the intestinal lumen by obtaining a stool sample, but some reports claim that the worms can be sometimes found in vomit during the presence of symptoms [4] [5]. Alternatively, drug-induced expulsion using praziquantel has been described as a useful method for detection of worms [4]. A useful indicator of a parasitic infection, in addition to microbiological studies, is the presence of eosinophilia (both relative and absolute number) in the complete blood count (CBC) [5], suggesting that this test might be of great benefit in the initial workup. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, and even upper endoscopy have been reported as a useful method in solidifying the diagnosis of fasciolopsiasis [5].

• Fasciolopsis Buski

  Infection by Fasciolopsis buski (disorder) Infectious Disease by Fasciolopsis Infection by Fasciolopsis buski edit English fasciolopsiasis A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the intestine by Fasciolopsis [wikidata.org]

  […] flukes such as Fasciolopsis buski. [encyclo.co.uk]

  Infestation by the zoonotic trematode Fasciolopsis buski (fasciolopsiasis) is seen in several parts of South-East Asia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Convert to ICD-10-CM : 121.4 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM B66.5 Fasciolopsiasis Approximate Synonyms Infection by Fasciolopsis buski Applies To Infection by Fasciolopsis (buski) Intestinal distomiasis ICD-9-CM Volume 2 Index entries containing [icd9data.com]

• Fasciola Hepatica

  Fasciola hepatica: action in vitro of triclabendazole on immature and adult stages. Exp. Parasit. 63:49–57.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar Biguet, J., A. Capron, and P. Tran Van Ky. 1962. Les antigenes de Fasciola hepatica. [link.springer.com]

  The eggs are indistinguishable from those of Fasciola hepatica. Treatment of fasciolopsiasis is with praziquantel 25 mg/kg orally 3 times a day for 1 day. Prevention involves not eating freshwater plants in areas where Fasciolopsis buski is endemic. [msdmanuals.com]

  The eggs are identical to those of the Fasciola hepatica and may require further testing. Treatment for Fasciolopsiasis requires the prescription medications Praziquantel as the preferred choice. [medic8.com]

  hepatica clonorchis sinensis paragonimus westermani (all are hermaphroditic) this can come out of sputum or feces cercariae encyst on 2water plant as metacercariae ( fasciolopsis buski, fasciola hepatica), or cercariae enter second intermediate host [quizlet.com]

• Paragonimus Westermani

  P. westermani method of diagnosis recover and ID eggs in bloody sputum or feces ( if effs are swallowed); radiograph of lungs may show pathc infiltrate with modular cystic shadows or calcification paragonimus westermani egg opercular rim (shoulders) operculum [quizlet.com]

  westermani africanus uterobilateralis kellicotti caliensis clonorchis sinensis viverrini opisthorchis felineus heterophyes nocens metagonimus yokogawai gastrodiscoides hominis paramphistomium watsonius watsoni fischoederius elongatus diphyllobothrium [rankwise.net]

  Infection with Paragonimus westermani (and, occasionally, Paragonimus skrjabini and Paragonimus miyazakii ) might also occur through the consumption of undercooked meat of wild boars (contaminated with immature lung flukes), which act as a paratenic host [doi.org]

Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treatment. Treatment is effective in early or light infections. Heavy infections are more difficult to treat. [en.wikipedia.org]

All the other anthelmintics tested were ineffective; no worms or only a few were expelled after treatment. [doi.org]

Treatment Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treatment of fasciolopsiasis. [wikidoc.org]

During follow-up, cases were managed with medical treatment, blood transfusion and antituberculous treatment. [ijmm.org]

Cholangiocarcinoma is a tumor with extremely poor prognosis: bile duct surgery is difficult, and many patients suffer a painful death ( 39, 96, 97 ). [doi.org]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

[…] builder options Subheadings: analysis anatomy and histology blood cerebrospinal fluid chemically induced classification complications congenital diagnosis diagnostic imaging diet therapy drug therapy economics embryology enzymology epidemiology ethnology etiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Further details regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and management of cholangiocarcinoma and clonorchiasis were described in a recent review ( 14 ). [doi.org]

However, in view of changing epidemiological profile, these risk factors were not universally associated with all patients. Our few cases belonged to high-income family who do not have these risk factors associated. [ijmm.org]

London Pharmaceutical press pg. 922 Plaut et al., 1969 A clinical study of Fasciolopsis buski infection in Thailand, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1969, vol. 63 (pg. 470 - 478 ) Sadun and Maiphoom, 1953 Studies on epidemiology [doi.org]

To better understand their significance, each chapter covers the biology, mechanisms of pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, and inactivation of these parasites. [books.google.de]

—“The prevalence and epidemiology of hookworm and other helminthic infections in India. Part XII. General summary and conclusions.” Indian J. med. Res., XV (3), 695–743. (W.L. 9940.)Google Scholar Giles, G. M., 1890. [cambridge.org]

[…] buski Improved sanitation, prevent use of human and pig feces as fertilizer; immerse vegetables in boiling water to kill metacercariae. [quizlet.com]

How can fasciolopsiasis be prevented? Cook all aquatic plants well before eating them (in boiling water). In endemic areas, prevent fecal contamination (from humans or pigs) of water where aquatic plants are grown. [cdc.gov]

Prevention involves not eating freshwater plants in areas where Fasciolopsis buski is endemic. Click here for Patient Education NOTE: This is the Professional Version. [msdmanuals.com]

Prevention involves not eating freshwater plants in areas where Fasciolopsis buski is endemic. Drug Name Select Trade praziquantel BILTRICIDE Click here for Patient Education NOTE: This is the Professional Version. [merckmanuals.com]

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2. Fiamma M, Longoni SS, Ngo TM, et al. Fasciolopsis buski infection in a Vietnamese pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9(6):670-673.
3. Rohela M, Jamaiah I, Menon J, Rachel J. Fasciolopsiasis: a first case report from Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005;36(2):456-458
4. Achra A, Prakash P, Shankar R. Fasciolopsiasis: Endemic focus of a neglected parasitic disease in Bihar. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015;33(3):364-368.
5. Cao Y-H, Ma Y-M, Qiu F, Zhang X-Q. Rare cause of appendicitis: Mechanical obstruction due to Fasciolopsis buski infestation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(10):3146-3149.
6. Keiser J, Utzinger J. Food-Borne Trematodiases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(3):466-483.
7. Bhattacharjee HK, Yadav D, Bagga D. Fasciolopsiasis presenting as intestinal perforation: a case report. Trop Gastroenterol. 2009;30(1):40-41.