Emergency Presentation and Management of a Hernia By Ketan Vagholkar [CC BY 3.0], via Int. [teachmesurgery.com]

The present case is a 40-year-old lady who presented with a painless lump in the right groin and was diagnosed as a case of hydrocoele of a femoral hernia sac only after exploration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Inguinal Pain

  METHODS: The Inguinal Pain Questionnaire was sent to 1967 patients who had had a repair for primary unilateral femoral hernia between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006. A follow-up period of at least 18 months was chosen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Anorexia

  A 65-year-old woman presented with a nonradiating, constant pain in the right groin with associated nausea and anorexia. Physical examination revealed a tender, irreducible lump in the right groin area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Respiratory Disorders

  Abdominal wall hernias are well recognised in patients with a chronic cough and respiratory disorders, and presumably this was the precipitating factor in this case. [doi.org]

• Periumbilical Pain

  Abstract The case of a 21-year-old man presenting with constant periumbilical pain is reported. The patient had a left groin mass which on palpation exacerbated his pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Persistent Vomiting

  She was referred to surgery because of persisting vomiting, but without any abdominal pain. A CT scan showed a hernia in the right groin area but the diagnosis was delayed. The hernias were repaired using a preperitoneal transinguinal approach. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Prolapse

  The small bowel had also prolapsed through the fistula opening, making it a very rare and alarming presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  An umbilical hernia usually resolves when the child begins to walk (and muscles strengthen). uterine hernia The presence of the uterus in the hernial sac. vaginal hernia Pelvic organ prolapse. vaginolabial hernia A hernia of a viscus into the posterior [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Foreign Body Sensation

  Postoperative chronic pain in two patients, sensory loss in one patient, and foreign body sensation in three patients were found in the follow-up. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fear

  In our case, strangulation was not found and polypropylene mesh was not used for hernia repair due to a fear of infection of the prosthesis. Incarceration of the uterine tube in the sac is traumatic and this condition may lead to infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute appendicitis and incarcerated femoral hernia belong to relatively well known surgical diseases with regard to diagnostic workup and treatment. de Garengeot's hernia is an entity involving concurrent occurrence of both the above mentioned problems [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnosis Laboratory studies include the following: Stain or culture of nodal tissue Complete blood count (CBC) Electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine Urinalysis Lactate Imaging studies are not required in the normal workup of a hernia [emedicine.com]

The classic treatment is through an open anterior approach. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment depends on the symptoms present with the hernia. If you feel sudden pain in your groin, a piece of intestine may be stuck in the hernia. This is called an incarcerated hernia. This problem needs treatment right away in an emergency room. [nlm.nih.gov]

De Garengeot's hernia, through combination of two separate surgical entities, is associated with diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic process occasionally requires unconventional decisions to be taken to improve prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Outlook (Prognosis) The chances of a femoral hernia coming back after surgery are low. If the intestine or other tissue becomes stuck, a portion of the intestine may need to be removed. [ufhealth.org]

Prognosis The mortality for elective hernia repair, both inguinal and femoral, is low - even at higher age. [patient.info]

The surgical technique is simple and feasible, while fully acknowledging the functional anatomy of the inguinofemoral region and the etiology of the condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology In contrast to indirect inguinal hernias, which may occur congenitally, femoral hernias are almost always acquired. [amboss.com]

(Etiology) Having both, a weakened spot in the groin (femoral canal) and repeated or chronic strain (high intra-abdominal pressure) to the weakened area causes Femoral Hernia. [dovemed.com]

Synonym: rupture (2) See: illustration ; herniotomy hernial hernioid, adjective Etiology Hernias may be caused by congenital defects in the formation of body structures, defects in collagen synthesis and repair, trauma, or surgery. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Etiology The etiology of indirect hernias is largely explainable in terms of the embryology of the groin and of testicular descent. An indirect inguinal hernia is a congenital hernia, regardless of the patient’s age. [emedicine.com]

This study aimed to outline the epidemiology of the procedures for repairing unilateral inguinal and femoral hernia in the Veneto Region, and to analyze the time trends and organizational appropriateness of these procedures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Links: anatomy epidemiology aetiology clinical features differential diagnosis treatment returning to work after femoral hernia repair [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Epidemiology Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. Etiology In contrast to indirect inguinal hernias, which may occur congenitally, femoral hernias are almost always acquired. [amboss.com]

Br J Surg 85: 1986–1691 Google Scholar Rutkow IM (1998) Epidemiologic, economic, and sociologic aspects of hernia surgery in the United States in the 1990s. [link.springer.com]

[…] ring Allows expansion of the femoral vein Femoral ring Aperture behind medial portion of inguinal ligment Boundaries medial – lacunar ligament (safe to divide) lateral – fascia overlying femoral vein anterior – inguinal ligament posterior – pectineus Epidemiology [busyspr.com]

References: [3] Pathophysiology Boundaries of the femoral canal Typical femoral hernia : (common): protrusion of intraperitoneal contents along with the transverse abdominal fascia through the femoral ring into the femoral canal Atypical femoral hernias [amboss.com]

Aetiology & pathophysiology The two most important factors for the development of a hernia is inherent or acquired weakness and increased pressure. Inguinal hernias are more likely to occur at areas with an inherent or acquired weakness. [web.archive.org]

Pathophysiology Inguinal hernia The pinchcock action of the internal ring musculature during abdominal muscular straining prohibits protrusion of the intestine into a patent processus. Muscle paralysis or injury can disable the shutter effect. [emedicine.com]

Although exceedingly rare, the surgeon needs to be aware of this entity to prevent a delay in diagnosis with potentially serious adverse events. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The problem with this is that the blood supply to the hernia can become blocked which prevents it from receiving vital nutrients. [medic8.com]