Emergency Presentation and Management of a Hernia By Ketan Vagholkar [CC BY 3.0], via Int. [teachmesurgery.com]

The present case is a 40-year-old lady who presented with a painless lump in the right groin and was diagnosed as a case of hydrocoele of a femoral hernia sac only after exploration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Inguinal Pain

  CONCLUSIONS: Chronic postoperative pain is as important a complication after femoral hernia surgery as it is after inguinal hernia surgery. In contrast to inguinal hernia surgery, no risk factor related to surgical technique was found. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Respiratory Disorders

  Abdominal wall hernias are well recognised in patients with a chronic cough and respiratory disorders, and presumably this was the precipitating factor in this case. [doi.org]

• Periumbilical Pain

  Abstract The case of a 21-year-old man presenting with constant periumbilical pain is reported. The patient had a left groin mass which on palpation exacerbated his pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute appendicitis and incarcerated femoral hernia belong to relatively well known surgical diseases with regard to diagnostic workup and treatment. de Garengeot's hernia is an entity involving concurrent occurrence of both the above mentioned problems [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnosis Laboratory studies include the following: Stain or culture of nodal tissue Complete blood count (CBC) Electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine Urinalysis Lactate Imaging studies are not required in the normal workup of a hernia [emedicine.com]

The classic treatment is through an open anterior approach. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment depends on the symptoms present with the hernia. If you feel sudden pain in your groin, a piece of intestine may be stuck in the hernia. This is called an incarcerated hernia. This problem needs treatment right away in an emergency room. [nlm.nih.gov]

De Garengeot's hernia, through combination of two separate surgical entities, is associated with diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic process occasionally requires unconventional decisions to be taken to improve prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Outlook (Prognosis) The chances of a femoral hernia coming back after surgery are low. If the intestine or other tissue becomes stuck, a portion of the intestine may need to be removed. [ufhealth.org]

Prognosis The mortality for elective hernia repair, both inguinal and femoral, is low - even at higher age. [patient.info]

The surgical technique is simple and feasible, while fully acknowledging the functional anatomy of the inguinofemoral region and the etiology of the condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology In contrast to indirect inguinal hernias, which may occur congenitally, femoral hernias are almost always acquired. [amboss.com]

(Etiology) Having both, a weakened spot in the groin (femoral canal) and repeated or chronic strain (high intra-abdominal pressure) to the weakened area causes Femoral Hernia. [dovemed.com]

Synonym: rupture (2) See: illustration ; herniotomy hernial hernioid, adjective Etiology Hernias may be caused by congenital defects in the formation of body structures, defects in collagen synthesis and repair, trauma, or surgery. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Etiology The etiology of indirect hernias is largely explainable in terms of the embryology of the groin and of testicular descent. An indirect inguinal hernia is a congenital hernia, regardless of the patient’s age. [emedicine.com]

Links: anatomy epidemiology aetiology clinical features differential diagnosis treatment returning to work after femoral hernia repair [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Epidemiology Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. Etiology In contrast to indirect inguinal hernias, which may occur congenitally, femoral hernias are almost always acquired. [amboss.com]

Br J Surg 85: 1986–1691 Google Scholar Rutkow IM (1998) Epidemiologic, economic, and sociologic aspects of hernia surgery in the United States in the 1990s. [link.springer.com]

[…] ring Allows expansion of the femoral vein Femoral ring Aperture behind medial portion of inguinal ligment Boundaries medial – lacunar ligament (safe to divide) lateral – fascia overlying femoral vein anterior – inguinal ligament posterior – pectineus Epidemiology [busyspr.com]

Epidemiology In 2011/12 there were 3,790 primary femoral hernia repairs in NHS hospitals in England, based on hospital episode statistics. [ 1 ] This compares with a respective figure of 69,313 for primary inguinal hernia repair. [patient.info]

References: [3] Pathophysiology Boundaries of the femoral canal Typical femoral hernia : (common): protrusion of intraperitoneal contents along with the transverse abdominal fascia through the femoral ring into the femoral canal Atypical femoral hernias [amboss.com]

Aetiology & pathophysiology The two most important factors for the development of a hernia is inherent or acquired weakness and increased pressure. Inguinal hernias are more likely to occur at areas with an inherent or acquired weakness. [web.archive.org]

Pathophysiology Inguinal hernia The pinchcock action of the internal ring musculature during abdominal muscular straining prohibits protrusion of the intestine into a patent processus. Muscle paralysis or injury can disable the shutter effect. [emedicine.com]

Although exceedingly rare, the surgeon needs to be aware of this entity to prevent a delay in diagnosis with potentially serious adverse events. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The problem with this is that the blood supply to the hernia can become blocked which prevents it from receiving vital nutrients. [medic8.com]