Presentation
HLA antibodies are commonly present in multiparous women who deliver healthy infants. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Pathologist
Two pathologists reviewed the placental slides of each FNAIT and control case. Histological features, with special emphasis on chronic inflammatory lesions, were evaluated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
All reports from post-mortem examinations were evaluated by an experienced perinatal pathologist (NP). Only cases evaluated to be certain ICH were included. [bmjopen.bmj.com]
[…] medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Blood Banks, American Clinical and Climatological Association, American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Society of Hematology, College of American Pathologists [emedicine.medscape.com]
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Intravenous Administration
In pregnancies with FNAIT and a previous affected child without ICH, weekly intravenous administration of immunoglobulins to the mother appears close to 100% effective to prevent fetal or neonatal ICH. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatrical
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Fear
The most feared complication of a low platelet count in the fetus or the neonate is intracranial haemorrhage and subsequent neurological handicaps. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The most feared complication of this disorder is the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as a result of severe thrombocytopenia leading to death or neurological sequels. [ingentaconnect.com]
FNAIT puts the fetus at risk of severe bleedings, with an intracranial hemorrhage being the most feared outcome. [openarchive.ki.se]
Workup
Subsequently, a small study performed at our center found marked erythroid hypoplasia in the bone marrow of infants who underwent bone marrow biopsy as part of the diagnostic workup of their hypoproductive anemia. 14 This is in marked contrast to the [hematologyandoncology.net]
Microbiology
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Complement Fixing Antibody
We report a premature twin infant who presented with severe thrombocytopenia and neutropenia clinically compatible with FNAIT and NAN, from a mother with no identifiable HPA or HNA antibodies, but with very high levels of complement-fixing antibodies [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
In group IIa, at least 2 diagnostic fetal blood samples were taken, and when necessary, intrauterine platelet transfusion and immunoglobulin were administered (invasive treatment). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
As with prior variations, this variation might be a finished ebook on sufferer administration, replete with algorithms and circulate diagrams on prognosis and administration. [secretformulameals.com]
Conclusion Pregnancies affected by FNAIT, even with a severe history, now have an excellent prognosis. Our data confirm that there appears to be no benefit from invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. [karger.com]
Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome is thought to be related to the extent and location of hemorrhage with intraparenchymal bleeds associated with the poorest prognosis ( 1 ). [ajnr.org]
When ICH is absent, the prognosis is usually favorable and the platelet count typically recovers to normal values within 8 to 10 days of life. 1, 2, 42 Conclusions FMAIT is a relatively uncommon disease, but is the leading cause of severe thrombocytopenia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Approximately 20% of these infants show evidence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) leading to death or neurological sequelae (see Prognosis). The platelet count is low at birth and may be associated with anaemia, secondary to bleeding. [ojrd.biomedcentral.com]
Etiology
Finally, we will examine the interplay between lymphopoiesis and the placenta in an effort to further explore the phenomenon of neutropenia in preeclampsia, whose etiology remains unknown. [hematologyandoncology.net]
All other possible etiologies must be ruled out including sepsis, maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, viral exposure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation ( Table 3 ). [dovepress.com]
Epidemiology
Summary Epidemiology The incidence has been estimated at 1/800 to 1/1 000 live births. Clinical description NAIT has been considered to be the platelet counterpart of Rh Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (RHD). [orpha.net]
Prospective epidemiologic study of the outcome and cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening to detect neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a. Transfusion 2005 ; 45 : 1945 –1956. 5. Spencer JA, Burrows RF. [cambridge.org]
Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology. 2000 Dec. 62(6):385-92. [Medline]. Howman RA, Barr AL, Shand AW, Dickinson JE. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prospective epidemiologic study of the outcome and cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening to detect neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a. Transfusion. 2005; 45 :1945–1956. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 12. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
Abstract Uncertainty regarding the pathophysiology of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) has hampered the decision regarding how to identify, follow-up and treat the women and children with this potentially serious condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] to management. ( 20700860 ) Symington A...Paes B 2011 42 A new platelet alloantigen, Swi(a), located on glycoprotein Ia identified in a family with fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. ( 21332723 ) Kroll H...Santoso S 2011 43 A review of pathophysiology [malacards.org]
At the core of the pathophysiology of FNAIT is the destruction of the fetal platelets by maternal IgG antibodies during pregnancy. [path.upmc.edu]
Prevention
This preclinical proof-of-concept study investigated whether passive administration of anti-β3 integrin could induce AMIS and thereby prevent clinical complications of FNAIT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]