"— Presentation transcript: 1 Fetal Distress in labor Dr.Maysara Mohamed 2 What is fetal distress? Fetal distress is the term commonly used to describe fetal hypoxia. [slideplayer.com]

In breech presentation, meconium is passed in labour because of compression of the fetal abdomen during delivery. This is not a sign of distress unless it occurs in early labour. Top of page Clinical principles [hetv.org]

The plaintiff presented to the hospital in labor and underwent a full workup that did not reveal any abnormalities. Approximately 8 hours later, the baby's heart rate dropped severely. [mdmalpracticeattorney.com]

It is concluded that the admission test can detect fetal distress already present at admission and unnecessary delay in intervention can be avoided in such a case. [journals.lww.com]

[…] the baby's head, neck and shoulders Umbilical cord prolapse (the cord preceding the baby) Nuchal cord (the umbilical cord becoming wrapped around the fetus's neck) Placental abruption (detached placenta) Uterine rupture (a tear in the uterus) Breech presentation [blockotoole.com]

• Cerebral Palsy

  If your child has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and you think it may be due to a lack of oxygen during labor, you may want to speak with an experienced birth injury lawyer or cerebral palsy law firm for more information. [klinespecter.com]

  Becker Read more less 14.5 Million Cerebral Palsy Jones vs. [ohio-birthinjurylawyers.com]

  Intrapartum hypoxia is thought to be the leading cause of cerebral palsy 3 risk factors Diabetes Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy Maternal infection haemoglobinopathy Chronic substance abuse Post-term multiple pregnancy IUGR Prolonged labor Uterine [slideplayer.com]

  If fetal distress is not diagnosed and promptly treated, it could lead to permanent brain damage, cerebral palsy or a still born birth. [beasleyfirm.com]

• Death in Infancy

  Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. 4th Annual Report. London : Maternal and Child Health Research Consortium ; 1997. 21. Fletcher, G, Flin, R, McGeorge, P, et al. [cambridge.org]

  Confidential report on stillbirths & deaths in infancy. 7th Annual report. Maternal & Child Health Consortium. London 2000 [ispub.com]

• Liver Disorder in Pregnancy

  disorder during pregnancy Treatment[edit] Instead of referring to "fetal distress", current recommendations hold to look for more specific signs and symptoms, assess them, and take the appropriate steps to remedy the situation [2] through the implementation [en.wikipedia.org]

• HELLP Syndrome

  Becker Read more less 2 Million Maternal Wrongful Death Wrongful death action against obstetrician and hospital based on a failure to timely diagnose and treat pre-eclampsia in a 29-year-old woman leading to HELLP syndrome and fatal DIC (disseminated [ohio-birthinjurylawyers.com]

• Prolapse

  […] cord or vaginal bleeding Alert the neonatal intensive care (NICU) that there may be a problem with the baby Changes in your baby's heart rate or fetal distress can be caused by: Umbilical cord wrapped around the baby's neck or nucal cord Prolapsed umbilical [beasleyfirm.com]

  We Can Determine What Caused Your Baby to Suffer Fetal Distress Fetal distress can be caused by many different problems during labor such as a prolapsed umbilical cord, an umbilical cord wrapped around the neck or trapped between the cervix and the head [lancionelaw.com]

  […] bleeding with intermittent or constant pain, suspect abruptio placentae ; - If there are signs of infection (fever, foul-smelling vaginal discharge) give antibiotics as for amnionitis ; - If the cord is below the presenting part or in the vagina, manage as prolapsed [hetv.org]

  It can be triggered by: Shoulder dystocia caused by stress on the baby's head, neck and shoulders Umbilical cord prolapse (the cord preceding the baby) Nuchal cord (the umbilical cord becoming wrapped around the fetus's neck) Placental abruption (detached [blockotoole.com]

• Photophobia

  The most common side effects are: Headaches and dizziness Flushing or a rash Nausea and upset stomach Photophobia (sensitivity to light) Stuffy or runny nose Back or muscle pain More serious, although less common, complications are: Heart attack Sudden [bellybelly.com.au]

• Reduced Fetal Movement

  Signs and symptoms of fetal distress include: Reduced fetal movement or lack of movement altogether Meconium (fetal feces) in amniotic fluid Decreased heart rate A significant increase in heart rate Lack in response to stimuli Cramping Many of these symptoms [birthinjuryinfo.org]

  Signs and Symptoms of Fetal distress: Either in pregnancy, which would be picked up through reduced fetal movements (kicks) Or in labour, when it would usually be detected through changes to the baby’s heart rate. [kiwifamilies.co.nz]

  Reduced fetal movements. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Green-top guideline, 57. RCOG. 2012. Information for you: your baby's movements in pregnancy. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Tidy C. 2013. [babycenter.in]

  Reduced fetal movements. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Green-top guideline, 57. www.rcog.org.uk [Accessed March 2016] RCOG 2011. www.rcog.org.uk RCOG. 2012. Information for you: your baby's movements in pregnancy. [babycentre.co.uk]

• Fetal Disorder

  Secondly, various fetal disorders, congenital diseases and fetal cardiac failure will develop fetal hypotension reducing fetal placental circulation and oxygen intake. Therefore, the treatment of fetal disorders will improve fetal hypoxia. [oatext.com]

• Foul Smelling Vaginal Discharge

  vaginal discharge) give antibiotics as for amnionitis ; - If the cord is below the presenting part or in the vagina, manage as prolapsed cord. [hetv.org]

• Cervical Incompetence

  incompetence, and ovarian cysts – offering the latest minimally invasive options for these conditions. [brighamandwomens.org]

• Neonatal Seizures

  The infant may suffer: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Meconium aspiration syndrome Cerebral palsy Neonatal seizures 8 Intrapartum Testing Tests utilized to assess fetal well being during labor include: Intermittent auscultation of the fetal heart rate [slideplayer.com]

  Fetal and neonatal outcomes Perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia: Evidence on Apgar scores less than 7 at 5 minutes, neonatal seizures and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is of very low certainty. [extranet.who.int]

• Spastic Quadriplegia

  Subsequently, the infant was delivered and later noted to be permanently neurologically impaired with spastic quadriplegia. Maternal seizures are a well-known but infrequent sequel of pre-eclampsia. [europeanmedical.info]

  The lack of oxygen resulted in a diagnosis of spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy, the most severe case of CP, seizure complications, microcephaly, and developmental delays. [beamlegalteam.com]

• Quadriplegia

  Subsequently, the infant was delivered and later noted to be permanently neurologically impaired with spastic quadriplegia. Maternal seizures are a well-known but infrequent sequel of pre-eclampsia. [europeanmedical.info]

  The lack of oxygen resulted in a diagnosis of spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy, the most severe case of CP, seizure complications, microcephaly, and developmental delays. [beamlegalteam.com]

• Meningism

  The obstetrical caregivers negligently failed to provide intra-partum and immediate post-partum antibiotics to Jennifer who ultimately developed severe meningitis. Jennifer went on to sustain profound cerebral palsy and developmental delays. [ohio-birthinjurylawyers.com]

The plaintiff presented to the hospital in labor and underwent a full workup that did not reveal any abnormalities. Approximately 8 hours later, the baby's heart rate dropped severely. [mdmalpracticeattorney.com]

Fetal Health Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment Your Health High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy (Gestational Hypertension) Fetal Health Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment Your Health High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy [whattoexpect.com]

Management / Treatment of Fetal Distress The immediate aim of treatment is to increase oxygen supply to the fetus. This is done by: Ensuring that the mother has adequate oxygen, preferably with an oxygen mask. [gynaeonline.com]

Prompt and effective treatment can often reverse the effects of distress. Mothers with preexisting conditions and/or high-risk pregnancies will be monitored extra carefully, but all fetuses and mothers should be watched closely for complications. [marylandmalpracticecenter.com]

If you have had a Kansas medical malpractice injury that was not your fault and need medical treatment, you need an experienced professional who can help you get back on the road to recovery. [kansaslaw.com]

Unreassuring fetal monitor strips that show decelerations in the heart rate, tachycardia (fast heart rate), bradycardia (low heart rate) or a loss of variability may require the following treatments: Administer oxygen to the mother Turn the mother onto [beasleyfirm.com]

Signal characteristics include: T1: typically low signal T2: has background intermediate to high signal with intrinsic low to intermediate intensity foci within 7 T1 C (Gd): often shows heterogeneous enhancement Treatment and prognosis Despite being benign [radiopaedia.org]

If they have delayed too long, even by a second, it can change your child’s lifelong prognosis. Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) One of the most reliable and common methods of verifying fetal health is electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). [bluegrassjustice.com]

Furthermore, the improvement of prognosis for postdate pregnancy is due to the availability of electronic fetal monitoring and ultrasound, making possible the identification of fetal distress, as well as the use of prostaglandin to ripen a stubborn cervix [wikigenes.org]

Classification and prognosis of fetal heart rate patterns. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979;133:762–72. 22. Paul RH, Suidan AK, Yeh S, Schifrin BS, Hon EH. Clinical fetal monitoring. VII. [aafp.org]

The etiology is unknown, but a subclinical fetal hypoxia might have triggered a vasodilation of placental vessels. Vasodilation at an unchanged volume flow could also explain the decrease of umbilical venous flow velocity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Induction of labor and intrapartum fetal distress Last Updated on Thu, 14 Apr 2016 Etiology Many cases also arose in the context of induction of labor for pre-eclampsia with the subsequent development of intrapartum ''fetal distress.'' [europeanmedical.info]

References: Fetal Distress: Diagnosis, Conditions & Treatment at Fetal Distress – Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Presentation, Investigations, Management at Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA (2012 Jan 18) Amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression [medicalfoxx.com]

PAUL SABIN 2008 STUDIU CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC, HISTOLOGIC ŞI IMUNOHISTOICHIMIC AL ADENOCARCINOAMELOR DE POL GASTRIC SUPERIOR Prof.univ.dr FLORIN BOGDAN MENEGOS VASILIOS 2008 IMPLICAŢIILE INFECŢIEI CERVICO-VAGINALE ÎN NEOPLAZIA COLULUI UTERIN Prof.univ.dr [umfcv.ro]

Epidemiology The overall risk of prompt caesarean delivery needed for fetal concern was shown to be 3.1% in an unselected population [ 1 ]. [patient.info]

Amsterdam, 1007 MB, the Netherlands (2) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (3) Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (4) Department of Epidemiology [bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com]

Validity of the technique ie. an epidemiologic study of the frequency of the different FHR patterns correlated with characteristics of the mother and infant. [ispub.com]

[…] haemoglobinopathy Chronic substance abuse Post-term multiple pregnancy IUGR Prolonged labor Uterine hyperstimulation,precipitate labor 4 Cord prolapse Placental abruptio Maternal pyrexia Chorioamnionitis Meconium Antenatal & intrapartum haemorrhge 5 Pathophysiology [slideplayer.com]

Placental abruption: Pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and consequences. Retrieved May 12, 2019, from Reproductive Health. (2018, May 17). Retrieved from Manning, F. A. (2019, April). [hiehelpcenter.org]

References Maeda K, Kimura S, Nakano H, Fukui Y, Ozawa S, et al. (1969) Pathophysiology of Fetus. Fukuoka Printing, Proc, 21st JSOG Conv, Shukudai lecture. [oatext.com]

The work of Ignaz Semmelweis was seminal in the pathophysiology and treatment of puerperal fever and saved many lives. [helpebookhindi.wikifoundry.com]

Cesarean delivery in relation to birthweight and gestational glucose tolerance: pathophysiology or practice style? JAMA. 1996;275:1165–70. View Article PubMed Google Scholar Lai FY, Johnson JA, Dover D, Kaul P. [bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com]

Preventing Fetal Distress A doctor should recognize risk factors of fetal distress and take appropriate measures to prevent it. [birthinjuryinfo.org]

Preventing fetal distress Although there is no way to completely prevent every form of fetal distress, there are certain measures that can be taken by mothers and medical practitioners that reduce the likelihood of it from occurring, such as: Eating right [thecplawyer.com]

CONCLUSION: An antepartum fetal surveillance program using twice-weekly nonstress test and fluid index assessment in pregnancies complicated by diabetes was successful in preventing stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] as the following can lead to birth injuries like cerebral palsy : Fetal metabolic acidosis Increased or decreased fetal heart rate Meconium in the amniotic fluid Poor vital signs that may indicate hypoxia Today’s modern hospitals are well equipped to prevent [njadvocates.com]

Thick meconium suggests passage of meconium in reduced amniotic fluid and may indicate the need for expedited delivery and meconium management of the neonatal upper airway at birth to prevent meconium aspiration (page S-143). [hetv.org]