Since the advent of finasteride 1mg daily tablets for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, we have noticed an increase in the number of men presenting with melasma. Here we present one of those cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Short Finger

  The baby was found to have deformities in the right hand in the form of a small hand with short fingers and absent phalangial bones in all five fingers (aphalangia) ( Figure 1 ), and in the left foot in the form of short second and third toes with absent [doi.org]

• Aspiration

  A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the mass was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma on the basis of nuclear atypia and particularly because of cytoplasmic vacuolization. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dyspepsia

  Two patients stopped treatment for economic reasons and one stopped due to dyspepsia. No sexual or other adverse effects were observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Foot Deformity

  "In utero sonographic detection of hand and foot deformities". J Ultrasound Med. 1985 11 4 (11):595-601. [doi.org]

• Small Hand

  The baby was found to have deformities in the right hand in the form of a small hand with short fingers and absent phalangial bones in all five fingers (aphalangia) ( Figure 1 ), and in the left foot in the form of short second and third toes with absent [doi.org]

• Hypertrichosis

  At last observation (36 months) only one in 30 patients complained of an adverse effect: 7 patients with libido reduction, 1 with hypertrichosis and 1 with mastalgia [Figure 1]. [ijtrichology.com]

• Thin Skin

  Physical effects can include chronic fatigue, gynecomastia (the development of breasts), muscle atrophy, thinning skin, and penile and scrotal shrinkage. Sexual changes include decreased libido, intermittent erectile dysfunction, and impotence. [dx.doi.org]

• Erythema Annulare

  We report a novel case of erythema annulare centrifugum occurring after the administration of finasteride for androgenetic alopecia. The eruption resolved once the drug was discontinued and reappeared with reintroduction of finasteride. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hyperpigmentation

  Transient discrete residual hyperpigmentation and scaling were present. The patient refused an oral provocation challenge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cafe-Au-Lait Spots

  Two cafe au lait spots were seen also on the back. No other abnormalities could be identified. X-ray examinations of upper and lower limbs confirmed the clinical findings. Abdominal ultrasound examination was unremarkable ( Figure 2 ). [doi.org]

• Anhedonia

  The most frequent non-sexual symptoms were reduced feeling of life pleasure or emotions (anhedonia) (75.9%); lack of mental concentration (72.2%), and loss of muscle tone/mass (51.9%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The most frequent non‐sexual symptoms were reduced feeling of life pleasure or emotions (anhedonia) (75.9%); lack of mental concentration (72.2%), and loss of muscle tone/mass (51.9%). [dx.doi.org]

• Irregular Menstruation

  We reported decreased libido in 4 of 40 postmenopausal women taking 5 mg of finasteride daily. [2] Breast swelling and tenderness, [2] headache [2] irregular menstruation [2] dizziness, [2] and increased body hair [2] have also been reported. [ijtrichology.com]

BACKGROUND: Androgenic treatment of female-to-male transgender patients may result in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Use of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are useful as oral treatment of AA in men. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment efficacy was evaluated using global photography and the hair density score from videodermoscopy. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess patient evaluation of treatment effectiveness. [dx.doi.org]

Therefore, by the time the PSA begins to rise or reach the threshold for biopsy, most of the remaining prostate cancer is composed of aggressive, high-grade disease that has a less favorable prognosis. [drcatalona.com]

[…] reasonable patient" standard: "a doctor must disclose those risks, benefits, and alternatives that a reasonable person in the patient's position would be likely to consider significant in deciding whether or not to undergo treatment, including diagnosis and prognosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

To evaluate the drug effectiveness, prognosis and side effect, patients visited before the study and the end of first week of treatment, and then followed-up monthly. [dx.doi.org]

We propose that epigenetic side-effects of pharmaceuticals may be involved in the etiology of heart disease, cancer, neurological and cognitive disorders, obesity, diabetes, infertility, and sexual dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Background Hair loss can be distressing for the female patient, with women being twice as likely as men to be very-to-extremely upset and up to 70% of women reporting high levels of distress over their hair loss. 1,2 Although there are various types and etiologies [dpic.org]

Her research group found these children shared a genetic mutation, causing deficiency of the 5α-reductase enzyme and male hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which was found to have been the etiology behind abnormalities in male sexual development. [en.wikipedia.org]

Although the overall etiology is not fully understood, it is known that genetics and environment both have a role—that male hormones are involved in triggering follicular changes in genetically susceptible men. [dx.doi.org]

Interactions (BNF) No clinically important interactions reported EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POISONING No specific data or case reports of finasteride poisoning are available. [inchem.org]

[…] particular gene defect has not been observed. [3] There is also a lack of phenotype/genotype relationship in patients carrying the same mutation, which suggests that factors other than 5-alpha-reductase enzyme activity contribute to phenotype. [10] Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Ferzoco RM, Ruddy KJ (2016) The epidemiology of male breast cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 18:1–6 CrossRef PubMed 27. Bird ST et al (2013) Male breast cancer and 5α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride. J Urol 190:1811–1814 CrossRef PubMed 28. [springermedizin.de]

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2000, 53: 477-484. 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00204-8. [bmcurol.biomedcentral.com]

Epidemiology faces its limits. Science. 1995; 269 :164–169. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 1-10. Black WC, Haggstrom DA, Welch HG. All-cause mortality in randomized trials of cancer screening. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] finasteride treatment improves pattern hair loss in women with hyperandrogenism but does not affect those postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss without hyperandrogenism supports the concept that not all types of female hair loss have the same pathophysiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abnormal levels of brain 5-AR2 androgens, such as the potent neuroactive androgen dihydrotestosterone, may contribute to Tourette’s syndrome pathophysiology. [web.archive.org]

The pathophysiology of gynecomastia is also discussed in detail for each of the drugs found to have a good or fair evidence of association with gynecomastia. [doi.org]

the landmark Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial has delivered a final verdict. [eurekalert.org]

Therefore, men undergoing regular prostate cancer screening or who express an interest in cancer prevention should be informed of the opportunity to take finasteride for preventing prostate cancer. [cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org]

Finasteride’s so-called “preventive” effects in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial occurred far too early and did not increase much over time. [drcatalona.com]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of finasteride on serum androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) and its association with prostate cancer risk among subjects who participated in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]