Presentation
A premature infant with disseminated Candida tropicalis infection with arthritis and osteomyelitis is presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- Candidiasis
Rapidly acquired flucytosine resistance with microbiological failure should discourage combination of caspofungin and flucytosine during urinary candidiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Used in dermatophytes, cutaneous candidiasis & vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis and dermatophytic infections like: Tinea corporis Tinea pedis Tinea cruris Side effects : Erythema, edema,, urticaria & mild vaginal burning sensation. [howmed.net]
The combination is probably the treatment of choice in cryptococcal meningitis and offers promise in the therapy of systemic candidiasis and nonmeningeal cryptococcosis. FULL TEXT [annals.org]
- Anemia
[…] neuropathy CV: chest pain, cardiac arrest EENT: hearing loss GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, ulcerative colitis, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, duodenal ulcer, hemorrhage GU: azotemia, crystalluria, renal failure Hematologic: eosinophilia, anemia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
This effect can cause anemia, decrease your body's ability to fight an infection, and cause bleeding problems. [webmd.com]
• Blood : Anemia, eosinophilia, decrease in white blood cells and platelets. • Central Nervous System : Incoordination, hearing loss, headache, tingling, Parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, fever, fainting, sleepiness, epilepsy, confusion, hallucinations [medindia.net]
LA FLUCITOSINA PUEDE OCASIONAR ANEMIA, LEUCOPENIA Y TROMBOCITOPENIA EN LOS PACIENTES SENSIBLES. LOS SUJETOS QUE HAN RECIBIDO PREVIAMENTE QUIMIOTERAPIA O RADIACIÓN SON MÁS SUSCEPTIBLES A LOS EFECTOS MIELOSUPRESIVOS DE LA FLUCITOSINA. [ddb.com.co]
Aplastic anemia has also been seen. Bone marrow toxicity can be irreversible and may cause death, particularly in immunocompromised patients. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Weakness
Call your doctor at once if you have: slow heart rate, weak pulse, fainting, slow breathing; chest pain; confusion, hallucinations; a seizure (convulsions); pale skin, easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum); sudden weakness or [cigna.com]
Signs of low blood sugar like dizziness, headache, feeling sleepy, feeling weak, shaking, a fast heartbeat, confusion, hunger, or sweating. Feeling very tired or weak. Chest pain or pressure. [drugs.com]
Call your doctor at once if you have: slow heart rate, weak pulse, fainting, slow breathing; chest pain ; confusion, hallucinations; a seizure ( convulsions ); pale skin, easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum); sudden weakness [emedicinehealth.com]
• Miscellaneous : Fatigue, decrease in blood potassium and sugar level, weakness, allergic reactions, Lyell's syndrome. Store it at room temperature (25°C). Advertisement Most Popular On Medindia: [medindia.net]
- Anorexia
[…] dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, vertigo, psychosis, ataxia, paresthesia, parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy CV: chest pain, cardiac arrest EENT: hearing loss GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, ulcerative colitis, abdominal discomfort, anorexia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
GI toxicity may be severe or rarely fatal and consists of anorexia, abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, GI hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, and ulcerative colitis. [en.wikipedia.org]
Common Adverse Effects Bone marrow suppression; GI effects (anorexia, abdominal bloating or pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, GI hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, ulcerative colitis); renal effects; hepatic effects; CNS effects (confusion, hallucinations [web.archive.org]
- Fatigue
• Miscellaneous : Fatigue, decrease in blood potassium and sugar level, weakness, allergic reactions, Lyell's syndrome. Store it at room temperature (25°C). Advertisement Most Popular On Medindia: [medindia.net]
Adverse Reactions: Cardiac events, chest pain, dyspnea, GI upset, abdominal pain, hepatic dysfunction, elevated creatinine and BUN, blood dyscrasias, ataxia, headache, confusion, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, rash, allergic reactions, others. [empr.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
Flucytosine may cause nausea and vomiting. If you take more than one capsule per dose, swallow one capsule at a time over a 15-minute period to help prevent nausea and vomiting. Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. [cigna.com]
It is also being tested in combination with the newer anti-fungal agents fluconazole ( Diflucan ) and itraconazole ( Sporanox ): adding flucytosine to these drugs can improve treatment outcomes in HIV-positive patients. 1 2 Side-effects can include nausea [aidsmap.com]
GIT manifestations: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal cramps and pain 4. Liver enzymes elevation 5. Nephrotoxicity 6. With prolonged use alopecia may occur as resembles anti-neoplastic drugs. [howmed.net]
- Abdominal Pain
pain, rash, elevated liver enzymes, blood disorders, confusion and headache. [aidsmap.com]
• Respiratory : Respiratory arrest, chest pain and difficulty in breathing. • Skin : Rash, itching, hives and sensitivity to light. • Gastrointestinal : Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, gastrointestinal [medindia.net]
GIT manifestations: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal cramps and pain 4. Liver enzymes elevation 5. Nephrotoxicity 6. With prolonged use alopecia may occur as resembles anti-neoplastic drugs. [howmed.net]
GI toxicity may be severe or rarely fatal and consists of anorexia, abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, GI hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, and ulcerative colitis. [en.wikipedia.org]
Adverse Reactions: Cardiac events, chest pain, dyspnea, GI upset, abdominal pain, hepatic dysfunction, elevated creatinine and BUN, blood dyscrasias, ataxia, headache, confusion, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, rash, allergic reactions, others. [empr.com]
- Loss of Appetite
Common side effects may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea; headache, dizziness; numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet; dry mouth; or skin rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. [cigna.com]
Common side effects may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea ; headache, dizziness ; numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet; dry mouth ; or skin rash. [emedicinehealth.com]
• Gastrointestinal : Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute liver injury, liver dysfunction, jaundice, ulcerative colitis, increased level of liver enzymes. • Genitourinary [medindia.net]
The most common side effects when using Flucytosine include yellow skin or eyes, unusual bleeding, diarrhea, unusual skin bruises, unusual tiredness, skin rashes, stomach pain, nausea, loss of appetite, and fever. [medicalook.com]
- Abdominal Bloating
GI toxicity may be severe or rarely fatal and consists of anorexia, abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, GI hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, and ulcerative colitis. [en.wikipedia.org]
Common Adverse Effects Bone marrow suppression; GI effects (anorexia, abdominal bloating or pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, GI hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, ulcerative colitis); renal effects; hepatic effects; CNS effects (confusion, hallucinations [web.archive.org]
Eyes
- Conjunctival Injection
Anaphylaxis: Sometimes cases of anaphylaxis consisting of diffuse erythema, pruritus, conjunctival injection, fever, abdominal pain, edema, hypotension and bronchospastic reactions are observed.It is not known if flucytosine is a human carcinogen. [en.wikipedia.org]
Urogenital
- Kidney Failure
failure. • Blood : Anemia, eosinophilia, decrease in white blood cells and platelets. • Central Nervous System : Incoordination, hearing loss, headache, tingling, Parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, fever, fainting, sleepiness, epilepsy, confusion, [medindia.net]
Neurologic
- Meningism
Despite this profiteering, flucytosine remains a vital component of cryptococcal meningitis therapy. Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most prolific opportunistic infections worldwide. [doi.org]
Cryptococcal meningitis, a major cause of meningitis in adults living with HIV infection, accounts for 15% of global HIV-associated mortality. 1 Rajasingham R Smith RM Park BJ et al. [thelancet.com]
Cryptococcal meningitis is a critical illness affecting 0.2% to 5% solid-organ transplant recipients with a 40% to 50% mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 113:992. 115. Larsen RA, Leal MAE. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 113:992. 116. Dismukes WE. Cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. [web.archive.org]
- Headache
A 52-year-old man with a history of HIV (CD4 count 155, and viral load 154 K), who is on antiretroviral treatment presented in the emergency room with acute onset of headache. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] itraconazole ( Sporanox ): adding flucytosine to these drugs can improve treatment outcomes in HIV-positive patients. 1 2 Side-effects can include nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rash, elevated liver enzymes, blood disorders, confusion and headache [aidsmap.com]
• Central Nervous System : Incoordination, hearing loss, headache, tingling, Parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, fever, fainting, sleepiness, epilepsy, confusion, hallucinations and psychosis. • Miscellaneous : Fatigue, decrease in blood potassium [medindia.net]
Adverse Effects: Hematologic: leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow aplasia Gastric: intestinal perforation, ulcerating enterocolitis Hepatic: elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis, jaundice, azotemia Dermatologic: photosensitivity reaction CNS (rare): headache [antimicrobe.org]
- Confusion
Diflucan ) and itraconazole ( Sporanox ): adding flucytosine to these drugs can improve treatment outcomes in HIV-positive patients. 1 2 Side-effects can include nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rash, elevated liver enzymes, blood disorders, confusion [aidsmap.com]
An 87-year old women with no relevant personal or family history was admitted to the hospital for headache, fever, and confusion over the past week. The vital signs, general and neurological examination were normal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Adverse reactions CNS: headache, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, vertigo, psychosis, ataxia, paresthesia, parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy CV: chest pain, cardiac arrest EENT: hearing loss GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, ulcerative [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
– May cause: gastrointestinal disturbances, haematological disorders (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, less frequently, agranulocytosis), increase in transaminase levels, allergic reactions sometimes severe; sometimes, confusion and hallucinations. – Monitor [medicalguidelines.msf.org]
• Central Nervous System : Incoordination, hearing loss, headache, tingling, Parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, fever, fainting, sleepiness, epilepsy, confusion, hallucinations and psychosis. • Miscellaneous : Fatigue, decrease in blood potassium [medindia.net]
- Tingling
Common side effects may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea; headache, dizziness; numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet; dry mouth; or skin rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. [cigna.com]
Common side effects may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea ; headache, dizziness ; numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet; dry mouth ; or skin rash. [emedicinehealth.com]
• Central Nervous System : Incoordination, hearing loss, headache, tingling, Parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, fever, fainting, sleepiness, epilepsy, confusion, hallucinations and psychosis. • Miscellaneous : Fatigue, decrease in blood potassium [medindia.net]
A burning, numbness, or tingling feeling that is not normal. Shakiness, trouble moving around, or stiffness. Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there). Very bad and sometimes deadly liver problems have happened with flucytosine. [drugs.com]
- Paresthesia
Adverse reactions CNS: headache, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, vertigo, psychosis, ataxia, paresthesia, parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy CV: chest pain, cardiac arrest EENT: hearing loss GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, ulcerative [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Pruritus Urticaria Temporary growth failure Hypoglycemia Hypokalemia Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Bone marrow suppression Anemia Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Elevated liver enzymes Hepatitis Azotemia Peripheral neuropathy Paresthesia [reference.medscape.com]
Adverse central nervous system effects are frequent and include confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, ataxia, hearing loss, headache, paresthesia, parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, vertigo and sedation. [en.wikipedia.org]
Workup
An extensive infectious workup was carried out, which did not reveal any infectious aetiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Microbiology
- Fusarium
In contrast, Fusarium spp, Mucorales spp, Madurella spp. [life-worldwide.org]
Fungus Yeast Dimorphic Mold Candida Cryptococcus Trichosporone Malassezia Histoplasma Coccidioides Paracoccidioides Blastmyces Aspergillus Mucomycosis Fusarium Scedosporium 4. Candidiasisに関する 17 questions 5. I. [slide.antaa.jp]
Other Pathologies
- Hepatic Necrosis
[…] of "severe liver necrosis"). [livertox.nih.gov]
Treatment
Whereas the role of Flucytosine in the treatment of candidal urinary tract infections has been reviewed recently. [web.archive.org]
A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with fluconazole after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The California Collaborative Treatment Group. [drugs.com]
Prognosis
Abstract The incidence of aspergillosis is increasing while the prognosis remains dismal. Standard single-drug therapy with amphotericin B offers unacceptably low cure rates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
PANA (3) Objective: to investigate the importance of various ultrasound prognosis features in the assessment of the cervical ectropion treatment monitoring. [chsjournal.org]
Etiology
The etiology of candidiasis (Candida albicans in sputum) should be considered primarily in dermatology and gynecological conditions (especially the vagina with Candida albicans vulvovaginal). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Epidemiologic data and gene sequences were analyzed, and molecular typing was performed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Organized by types of fungi, this volume covers microbiologic, epidemiologic and demographic aspects of fungal infections as well as diagnostic, clinical, therapeutic, and preventive approaches. Special patient populations are also detailed. [books.google.com]
Pathophysiology
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful Monitoring serum concentration during therapy Evaluating potential toxicity May be useful to evaluate patient compliance Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology [mayomedicallaboratories.com]
The aim of our study is to reveal possible significant statistical correlations between the two entities, which might warrant further study of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind this association. [chsjournal.org]
Treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis with fluconazole: impact of dose and addition of flucytosine on mycologic and pathophysiologic outcome. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, 1216 –21. 42 Larsen, R. A., Bozzette, S. A., Jones, B. [doi.org]
Prevention
(via organic amino compound ) antifungal drug Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals. [ebi.ac.uk]
In particular, killing curves conducted in replicating cells showed that the addition of itraconazole prevented the development of flucytosine-resistant mutants of C. neoformans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
WHO Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected adults, adolescents and children. [thelancet.com]