The survey presented a clinical vignette of CSWS. The questions addressed treatment choices for that clinical scenario. Surveys were self-administered and collected using an online survey website (www.surveymonkey.com). [scholars.northwestern.edu]

We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services Policy Presentation At age 4, “Jason” began having seizures that consisted of waking up screaming and with right leg stiffening. [consultqd.clevelandclinic.org]

Rolandic spikes are also present in children with other generalized epileptiform activity. Abstracts of BRE articles present more details on EEG features and variations for BRE. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Sudhansu Chokroverty—a world-recognized expert in sleep medicine—presents the third edition of Sleep Disorders Medicine for the latest developments in this rapidly expanding specialty, with coverage of neuroscience and clinical application. [books.google.com]

However, he presented a progressive cognitive and behavioral deterioration up to the present, and IQ dropped from 85 to 67 of total score. The duration of the CSWS period was 14 months. Figure 1. [intechopen.com]

• Seizure

  Inclusion criteria were: (1) focal seizures or apparently generalized seizures and focal EEG epileptiform discharges; (2) further occurrence of atypical absences, and myoclonic, atonic, and/or generalized seizures; (3) cognitive impairment and/or behavior [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

  EEG of a 16-yr-old child with MR and tonic seizures, showing slow spike wave activity superimposed on a slow BG. 22. EEG of an 11-yr-old pt with LGS showing GPFA. 23. Tonic seizure in a patient with LGS. 24. [slideshare.net]

  The goal of evaluation and treatment of CSWS must not necessarily be a seizure-free state, but improvements in seizure control, alertness, mood and behavior. [intechopen.com]

  […] tonic-clonic seizures, atypical absence, atonic, and other type of seizures. [j-epilepsy.org]

  According to Lerman, the seizure frequency is low, 13% may have just one seizure, 66% have infrequent seizures, and 21% have frequent seizures. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

• Focal Epileptiform Discharges

  The EEG data can show an atypical morphology of epileptiform discharges, an abnormal background, unusual location, and focal or bilateral synchronous discharges, including the 3 Hz spike and wave complexes. 16 – 21 The atypical features seem to be related [j-epilepsy.org]

Treatment for continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS): Survey on treatment choices in North America. [scholars.northwestern.edu]

Treatment of CSWS There are no controlled trials for the treatment of CSWS, only large cohort studies. [acnr.co.uk]

But because the child responded well to medical treatment, a wait-and-see approach was justified. [consultqd.clevelandclinic.org]

Treatment of epileptic encephalopathies. CNS Drugs 2013; 27: 175-84. 3 Sinclair DB, Snyder TJ. Corticostemids for the treatment of Landau-kleffner Syndrome And continuous spike-wave discharge during sleep. [jitm.hk]

Significance: ESES/CSWSS syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy with similar electroclinical findings in children with a >85% spike-wave index and those with a AB - Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

Hence, early diagnosis, effective treatment and termination of continuous spike and slow-wave discharge can ameliorate the prognosis of children [3]. [jitm.hk]

[…] status epilepticus during sleep or continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep syndrome: A multicenter, long-term follow-up study of 117 patients", abstract = "Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment and prognosis [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

Prognosis The prognosis is related to the underlying disorder. The severity of developmental impairment varies with the type of epilepsy. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Ohtahara syndrome) The prognosis is very poor. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Management options* Seizures are not a major problem as their final prognosis is good. Valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and sulthiame# may be the most appropriate treatments. [epilepsy.com]

 Poor prognosis with occ. early death. 3.  Neonates.  Early myoclonic encephalopathy.  Ohtahara syndrome.  Infancy.  West syndrome.  Dravet syndrome.  Childhood.  Myoclonic astatic epilepsy.  Epileptic encephalopathy with CSWS including Landau [slideshare.net]

Significance: ESES/CSWSS syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy with similar electroclinical findings in children with a >85% spike-wave index and those with a AB - Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

Rett syndrome Metabolic etiologies (e.g. mitochondrial disorders) [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

The developmental prognosis partially depends on the etiology. When classified by etiology, normal development was described in 51% of cryptogenic cases versus only 6% of symptomatic cases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology Symptomatic, probably symptomatic and idiopathic. [epilepsy.com]

He also had several minor congenital anomalies that suggested a genetic etiology. [articles.complexchild.com]

Epidemiology of epilepsy in childhood: a cohort of 440 consecutive patients. Pediatr Neurol. 1998 Jan. 18(1):46-50. [Medline]. Aicardi J, Ohtahara S. Severe neonatal epilepsies with suppression-burst pattern. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiological study of Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) in Japan. Brain Dev. 2014;36:284–6. 50. Turner SJ, Morgan AT, Perez ER, Scheffer IE. New genes for focal epilepsies with speech and language disorders. Curr Neurosci Rep. 2015;15:35 51. [j-epilepsy.org]

In the group of patients with hypermetabolic areas, analyses of pathophysiologic interactions showed disease-related altered functional connectivity between the parietal and frontal cortices. [neurology.org]

The much more common benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is also related to LKS and CSWS by a common pathophysiology. [journals.lww.com]

Some considerations on the pathophysiology of generalized bilaterally synchronous spike and wave discharge. Epilepsia 9, 249-263 (1968). ‏ [books.google.com]

The pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive and behavioral disturbances in children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome or epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep. Seizure 2006;15(4):249-58. 15. [acnr.co.uk]

Sleep EEGs should be performed for timely diagnosis, proper treatment and prevention of permanent cognitive impairment. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

These changes are due to continuous spikes in the frontal region of the brain during sleep that prevent further neurodevelopment. Clinical onset peaks around four to seven years of age. [articles.complexchild.com]

Treatment with clonazepam is effective in preventing most REM parasomnias. Autism and Sleep Sleep-wake problems occur in 40 to 80% of children with autism. [childneurologyfoundation.org]

The EEG could show the pattern of marked sleep activation but the patient need not have the specific epileptic syndromes with either language or global regression. 101 Power Tips For Preventing and Treating Headaches Are you fed up with your frequent [euroformhealthcare.biz]