We concluded that CSWS is a non specific electrographic pattern observed in some types of epilepsy in childhood that have different clinical presentation. [scielo.br]

Rolandic spikes are also present in children with other generalized epileptiform activity. Abstracts of BRE articles present more details on EEG features and variations for BRE. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Sudhansu Chokroverty—a world-recognized expert in sleep medicine—presents the third edition of Sleep Disorders Medicine for the latest developments in this rapidly expanding specialty, with coverage of neuroscience and clinical application. [books.google.com]

We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services Policy Presentation At age 4, “Jason” began having seizures that consisted of waking up screaming and with right leg stiffening. [consultqd.clevelandclinic.org]

The survey presented a clinical vignette of CSWS. The questions addressed treatment choices for that clinical scenario. Surveys were self-administered and collected using an online survey website (www.surveymonkey.com). [scholars.northwestern.edu]

• Inflammation

  MRI of the left shoulder and brachial plexus showed no plexus inflammation and no joint abnormalities. [jcsm.aasm.org]

  Abnormal Results Abnormal results on an EEG test may be due to: • An abnormal structure in the brain (such as a brain tumor) • Attention problems • Tissue death due to a blockage in blood flow (cerebral infarction) • Drug or alcohol abuse • Head injury • Inflammation [biomedresearches.com]

• Unconsciousness

  There are many different types of generalised seizures but they all involve the person becoming unconscious, even just for a few seconds, and they won't remember the seizure itself. [epilepsysociety.org.uk]

• Seizure

  According to Lerman, the seizure frequency is low, 13% may have just one seizure, 66% have infrequent seizures, and 21% have frequent seizures. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

  Focal seizures can progress to affect both sides of the brain. When this happens, the seizure is called a bilateral seizure, usually tonic-clonic seizures or convulsions. Other seizure types include absence, atypical absence, and atonic seizures. [epilepsy.com]

  There are other medical conditions that might cause someone to have a seizure for example, diabetes. The difference between epileptic seizures and other seizures is that epileptic seizures are caused by a disruption in the way the brain is working. [epilepsysociety.org.uk]

  Results Clinical characteristics Epileptic seizures occurring in all children mainly included generalized clonic seizure, tonic clonic seizure, myoclonic absence seizure, absence seizure and unilateral limb clonus or mouth and facial seizure. [jitm.hk]

• Aphasia

  Electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep: one case with sensory aphasia. Clin Electroencephalogr 1988;19:111-113. 8. Deonna T. Acquired epileptiform aphasia in children (Landau-Kleffner syndrome). J Clin Neurophysiol 1991;8:288-298. 9. [scielo.br]

  However, these have typically had little to no effect on the long-term development of aphasia. [docneuro.com]

  Although the term epileptic aphasia has been used for LKS, epileptic aphasia by its strict definition refers to an aphasia caused by an actual seizure or, in other words, an ictal aphasia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Focal Seizure

  Clinical manifestations Three stages of evolution: First stage before CSWS: infrequent nocturnal motor focal seizures, often hemiclonic status epilepticus, absences, atonic, complex focal seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures occur. [epilepsy.com]

  Inclusion criteria were: (1) focal seizures or apparently generalized seizures and focal EEG epileptiform discharges; (2) further occurrence of atypical absences, and myoclonic, atonic, and/or generalized seizures; (3) cognitive impairment and/or behavior [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

  seizures and neurocognitive impairment. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

  Table 2 Neonatal Seizures: Classification System of Volpe Electrographic Seizure Clinical Seizure Common Uncommon Subtle + Clonic Focal + Multifocal + Tonic Focal + Generalized + Myoclonic Focal, multifocal + Generalized + With a frontal location, seizures [euroformhealthcare.biz]

• Hyperactivity

  Hyperactivity and oppositional behaviors are highly associated. [intechopen.com]

  There is marked decrease in intelligence quotient scores with attention deficit and hyperactivity, sometimes with language disturbances and autistic features. [neuroscienceandgenetics.it]

  Almost half of the patients exhibited other cognitive deficits, such as attention deficit, language disturbances, hyperactivity and behavior problems. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

  There is often a history of loss of language and temporo-spatial skills, hyperactivity, short-term memory deficits and behavioural problems. [acnr.co.uk]

• Atonic Seizures

  In atypical benign focal epilepsy of childhood (ABFEC) several types of seizure, especially partial motor fits, atypical absences and myo-atonic seizures occur. [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

  Focal seizures can progress to affect both sides of the brain. When this happens, the seizure is called a bilateral seizure, usually tonic-clonic seizures or convulsions. Other seizure types include absence, atypical absence, and atonic seizures. [epilepsy.com]

  Some of these beta bursts may be associated with tonic seizures. initial seizures similar to BRE, but then evolving into periodic atonic seizures, with brief absences and GTCS. Atonic episodes correlate with the slow wave discharges on EEG. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

  […] caused by atonic seizure, 1 from convulsion in the corner of the mouth accompanied by absence seizure and 1 from tonic clonic seizure. [jitm.hk]

  […] tonic-clonic seizures, atypical absence, atonic, and other type of seizures. [j-epilepsy.org]

Treatment for continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS): Survey on treatment choices in North America. [scholars.northwestern.edu]

Treatment of epileptic encephalopathies. CNS Drugs 2013; 27: 175-84. 3 Sinclair DB, Snyder TJ. Corticostemids for the treatment of Landau-kleffner Syndrome And continuous spike-wave discharge during sleep. [jitm.hk]

Treatment of CSWS There are no controlled trials for the treatment of CSWS, only large cohort studies. [acnr.co.uk]

But because the child responded well to medical treatment, a wait-and-see approach was justified. [consultqd.clevelandclinic.org]

Valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and sulthiame# may be the most appropriate treatments. The treatment of CSWS, which is responsible for the neuropsychological impairment, is entirely empirical and usually of transient efficacy. [epilepsy.com]

Hence, early diagnosis, effective treatment and termination of continuous spike and slow-wave discharge can ameliorate the prognosis of children [3]. [jitm.hk]

Management options* Seizures are not a major problem as their final prognosis is good. Valproate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and sulthiame# may be the most appropriate treatments. [epilepsy.com]

Prognosis The prognosis is related to the underlying disorder. The severity of developmental impairment varies with the type of epilepsy. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Ohtahara syndrome) The prognosis is very poor. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The prognosis is worse if the spasms are either symptomatic or cryptogenic. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

 Poor prognosis with occ. early death. 3.  Neonates.  Early myoclonic encephalopathy.  Ohtahara syndrome.  Infancy.  West syndrome.  Dravet syndrome.  Childhood.  Myoclonic astatic epilepsy.  Epileptic encephalopathy with CSWS including Landau [slideshare.net]

Rett syndrome Metabolic etiologies (e.g. mitochondrial disorders) [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

The developmental prognosis partially depends on the etiology. When classified by etiology, normal development was described in 51% of cryptogenic cases versus only 6% of symptomatic cases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Significance: ESES/CSWSS syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy with similar electroclinical findings in children with a >85% spike-wave index and those with a AB - Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

Etiology Symptomatic, probably symptomatic and idiopathic. [epilepsy.com]

He also had several minor congenital anomalies that suggested a genetic etiology. [articles.complexchild.com]

GAGNON, Bernadine5 ; MURPHY, Peregrine L2 ; CLARKE, Tara2 ; GREENBERG, David A4 6 ; PAL, Deb K2 4 6 [1] Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States [2] Department of Epidemiology [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

Epidemiology of epilepsy in childhood: a cohort of 440 consecutive patients. Pediatr Neurol. 1998 Jan. 18(1):46-50. [Medline]. Aicardi J, Ohtahara S. Severe neonatal epilepsies with suppression-burst pattern. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiological study of Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) in Japan. Brain Dev. 2014;36:284–6. 50. Turner SJ, Morgan AT, Perez ER, Scheffer IE. New genes for focal epilepsies with speech and language disorders. Curr Neurosci Rep. 2015;15:35 51. [j-epilepsy.org]

In the group of patients with hypermetabolic areas, analyses of pathophysiologic interactions showed disease-related altered functional connectivity between the parietal and frontal cortices. [neurology.org]

The much more common benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is also related to LKS and CSWS by a common pathophysiology. [journals.lww.com]

Some considerations on the pathophysiology of generalized bilaterally synchronous spike and wave discharge. Epilepsia 9, 249-263 (1968). ‎ [books.google.com]

The pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive and behavioral disturbances in children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome or epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep. Seizure 2006;15(4):249-58. 15. [acnr.co.uk]

Sleep EEGs should be performed for timely diagnosis, proper treatment and prevention of permanent cognitive impairment. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

These changes are due to continuous spikes in the frontal region of the brain during sleep that prevent further neurodevelopment. Clinical onset peaks around four to seven years of age. [articles.complexchild.com]

Treatment with clonazepam is effective in preventing most REM parasomnias. Autism and Sleep Sleep-wake problems occur in 40 to 80% of children with autism. [childneurologyfoundation.org]

The EEG could show the pattern of marked sleep activation but the patient need not have the specific epileptic syndromes with either language or global regression. 101 Power Tips For Preventing and Treating Headaches Are you fed up with your frequent [euroformhealthcare.biz]