The problem is that B. cereus spores are often present in uncooked rice. But because the spores are heat-resistant, they are not always killed when the rice is cooked, particularly if it is steamed or cooked too quickly. [giantmicrobes.com]

Air Sample (culturable) A culturable air sample identifies the types of organisms present in the air that are alive, capable of growing on the agar used, and capable of competing with the other types of fungi present. [emlab.com]

However, they are only present in small numbers and thus difficult to find. 6. Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter is commonly implicated in outbreaks involving predominantly children. [virology-online.com]

• Pain

  Fever, left lower-quadrant abdominal pain Abdominal CT, CBC; contrast enema and colonoscopy may be considered Inflammatory bowel disease Abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, occasional bloody diarrhea, weight loss Colonoscopy with tissue biopsy, negative [aafp.org]

  Common clinical features: B. cereus - emetic syndrome: Nausea, vomiting; diarrhoeal syndrome: Diarrhoea, abdominal pain. B. subtilis - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. B. licheniformis - diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Reservoir: No human or animal sources. [themeatsite.com]

  The organism was conclusively implicated by Hauge in Norway in the early 1950's. 2 The illnesses were characterized by an incubation period averaging 10 to 12 hours, and abdominal pain, profuse watery diarrhea, tenesmus and nausea usually lasting not [nejm.org]

  Arsenic Ingestion of pesticide and industrial chemicals Symptoms usually appear within 1 h after ingestion but may be delayed as long as 12 h Abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, vomiting, skeletal muscle cramps, profound dehydration, and shock may occur [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] travelers’ diarrhea”) 1-3 days Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, some vomiting 3-7 or more days Water or food contaminated with human feces E. coli O157:H7 Hemorrhagic colitis or E. coli O157:H7 infection 1-8 days Severe (often bloody) diarrhea, abdominal pain [fda.gov]

• Fever

  Usually, little or no fever is present. More common in children 4 years or younger. [fda.gov]

  Foodborne Pathogens Associated with Fever and Vomiting Fever Characteristically associated Campylobacter jejuni Shigella Vibrio cholerae non-O1 Often associated Norwalk virus Salmonella Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vomiting Characteristically associated Bacillus [aafp.org]

  It differs from bacillary dysentery in that fever is not prominent and the bloody discharges are copious rather than scanty. The O157:H7 had been implicated. The pathogenic E. [virology-online.com]

  No fever. Type 2: When the organism grows in meat or cream sauce or gravy there is profuse diarrhea with a little vomiting at 10-14 hours after ingestion. No fever. [atsu.edu]

  Vomiting and fever were unusual. Outbreaks of similar illnesses attributed to B. cereus were subsequently reported throughout northern and eastern Europe. 3 In 1974 Mortimer and McCann 4 reported several outbreaks of a. .. [nejm.org]

• Chills

  The spores are also known to be able to withstand pasteurisation, so this bacterium is of special concern for the food industry responsible for the production of processed cook-chill foods. [typesofbacteria.co.uk]

  These are accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, fever with chills etc. Botulism is caused by toxin from Clostridium botulinum that may lead to typical food poisoning symptoms along with weakness and even paralysis. [news-medical.net]

  Implement preventive measures, particularly in food businesses with large volume throughput, to restrict the growth of Bacillus cereus in heat treated food, for example: install specific rapid chilling equipment to speed up the cooling process, and closely [cfs.gov.hk]

  Research on factors allowing a risk assessment of spore-forming pathogenic bacteria in cooked chilled foods containing vegetables: a FAIR collaborative project. International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 60, Issue. 2-3, p. 117. [cambridge.org]

  Prevalence, characterization and growth of Bacillus cereus in commercial cooked chilled foods containing vegetables. J Appl Microbiol. 2000;88(4):617-25. Epub 2000/05/03. (55). Peng H, Ford V, Frampton EW, Restaino L, Shelef LA, Spitz H. [revistas.udea.edu.co]

• Fatigue

  […] contaminated by an ill food handler after cooking, contaminated drinking water Cyclospora cayetanensis Cyclosporiasis 1-14 days, usually at least 1 week Diarrhea (usually watery), loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, fatigue [fda.gov]

  Common presenting signs are: FREQUENCY OF SYMPTOMS IN FOOD-BORNE BOTULISM Symptoms Percent of Cases Dysphagia 96 Dry mouth 93 Diplopia 91 Dysarthria 84 Fatigue 77 Upper extremity weakness 73 Constipation 73 Lower extremity weakness 69 Dyspnea 60 Vomiting [atsu.edu]

  […] last from days to months Diarrhea may be accompanied by a variety of neurologic symptoms including paresthesia, reversal of hot and cold sensation, vertigo, headache, and autonomic disturbances such as hypotension and bradycardia Chronic symptoms (eg, fatigue [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] months Contaminated drinking water, cooked foods that are not reheated after contact with an infected food handler, uncooked foods Cyclospora cayetanensis (cyclosporiasis) 1 to 14 days, usually at least 1 week Abdominal cramps, diarrhea (usually watery), fatigue [aafp.org]

• Dyspnea

  Common presenting signs are: FREQUENCY OF SYMPTOMS IN FOOD-BORNE BOTULISM Symptoms Percent of Cases Dysphagia 96 Dry mouth 93 Diplopia 91 Dysarthria 84 Fatigue 77 Upper extremity weakness 73 Constipation 73 Lower extremity weakness 69 Dyspnea 60 Vomiting [atsu.edu]

• Food Poisoning

  Bacillus cereus has been recognized as a food poisoning agent since 1955. There are two types of Bacillus cereus food poisoning. [schmidtandclark.com]

  […] security information) About Bacillus cereus food poisoning [pref.gunma.jp.e.aag.hp.transer.com]

  Bacillus cereus cereulide food poisoning acute encephalopathy mitochondrial β-oxidation Accepted December 4, 2009. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  The food poisoning outbreak at Mighty Taco restaurants in Erie and Niagara Counties in New York state was caused by Bacillus cereus, Mary C. St. Mary of the Erie County Department of Health told Food Poisoning Bulletin. [foodpoisoningbulletin.com]

  Micro-Facts 5th Edition is an invaluable tool for food microbiologists everywhere, as a source book of information relevant to the prevention of food-poisoning hazards worldwide. [books.google.com]

• Vomiting

  Frequent vomiting type happens by intake of toxin produced in polluted food by Bacillus cereus in the country. [pref.gunma.jp.e.aag.hp.transer.com]

  fever 2-5 days Undercooked or raw seafood, such as shellfish Vibrio vulnificus V. vulnificus infection 1-7 days Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloodborne infection. [fda.gov]

  Outbreak 2: On 9th of October 1977, 211 out of 1809 persons (11.7%) who had eaten a packed lunch (‘Onigiri’, ‘Maki-sushi’ and ‘Inari-sushi’) complained of nausea and vomiting after 0.5 to 6 hours. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

  The form of the illness that causes nausea and vomiting is known as emetic. The toxin responsible for this is cereulide. [infectioncontroltoday.com]

  One is a long-incubation form with diarrhea as the main symptom, and the other is a short-incubation form that causes bouts of nausea and vomiting. [schmidtandclark.com]

• Diarrhea

  Bacillus cereus which we took in with food multiplies in the small intestine of Homo sapiens, and diarrhea type takes place by toxin causing produced diarrhea. [pref.gunma.jp.e.aag.hp.transer.com]

  The long-incubation version creates heavy nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea 8 to 16 hours after ingesting the bacteria. A small volume of diarrhea may be present with the short-incubation version as well. [schmidtandclark.com]

  […] cramps, fever, and diarrhea. [fda.gov]

  […] therapy, traveler's diarrhea, and bloody diarrhea. [aafp.org]

  […] starts 3-4 d after ingestion Usually progresses from watery to bloody diarrhea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Nausea

  The form of the illness that causes nausea and vomiting is known as emetic. The toxin responsible for this is cereulide. [infectioncontroltoday.com]

  The short-incubation food poisoning results in nausea and vomiting 1 to 5 hours after consuming the contaminated food. The long-incubation version creates heavy nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea 8 to 16 hours after ingesting the bacteria. [schmidtandclark.com]

  Bacillus cereus B. cereus food poisoning 10-16 hrs Abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, nausea 24-48 hours Meats, stews, gravies, vanilla sauce Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis 2-5 days Diarrhea, cramps, fever, and vomiting; diarrhea may be bloody [fda.gov]

  These toxins can cause two types of illness: one type characterized by diarrhea and the other, called emetic toxin, by nausea and vomiting. These bacteria are present in foods and can multiply quickly at room temperature. [foodsafety.gov]

  Common clinical features: B. cereus - emetic syndrome: Nausea, vomiting; diarrhoeal syndrome: Diarrhoea, abdominal pain. B. subtilis - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. B. licheniformis - diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Reservoir: No human or animal sources. [themeatsite.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Fever, left lower-quadrant abdominal pain Abdominal CT, CBC; contrast enema and colonoscopy may be considered Inflammatory bowel disease Abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, occasional bloody diarrhea, weight loss Colonoscopy with tissue biopsy, negative [aafp.org]

  Common clinical features: B. cereus - emetic syndrome: Nausea, vomiting; diarrhoeal syndrome: Diarrhoea, abdominal pain. B. subtilis - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. B. licheniformis - diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Reservoir: No human or animal sources. [themeatsite.com]

  The organism was conclusively implicated by Hauge in Norway in the early 1950's. 2 The illnesses were characterized by an incubation period averaging 10 to 12 hours, and abdominal pain, profuse watery diarrhea, tenesmus and nausea usually lasting not [nejm.org]

  Arsenic Ingestion of pesticide and industrial chemicals Symptoms usually appear within 1 h after ingestion but may be delayed as long as 12 h Abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, vomiting, skeletal muscle cramps, profound dehydration, and shock may occur [emedicine.medscape.com]

  nausea, vomiting, fever 2-5 days Undercooked or raw seafood, such as shellfish Vibrio vulnificus V. vulnificus infection 1-7 days Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloodborne infection. [fda.gov]

• Meningism

  Escerichia coli The majority of E. coli in the GI tract are harmless unless they are displaced to other parts of the body such as the urinary tract or meninges. [virology-online.com]

  The elderly or immunocompromised patients may develop bacteremia or meningitis. [fda.gov]

  Respiratory support Intravenous trivalent antitoxin from CDC Listeria monocytogenes Raw and pasteurized milk, soft cheeses, raw vegetables, shrimp Systemic disease associated with bacteremia Intestinal symptoms precede systemic disease Can seed meninges [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, and endophthalmitis [6]. Its potential to cause systemic infections are of current public health and biomedical concerns. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

  2 to 6 weeks for invasive disease Diarrhea, fever, muscle aches, nausea; pregnant women may have mild flulike illness, and infection can lead to premature delivery or stillbirth; older adults and immunocompromised patients may develop bacteremia or meningitis [aafp.org]

• Irritability

  I have used it on both myself and my kids and it has not irritated, or caused any discomfort or burning in the stomach or throat. [listentoyourgut.com]

  […] administer activated charcoal and a cathartic Dimercaprol is useful in acute ingestion Lead Toxicity results from chronic repeated exposure It is rare after single ingestion Common symptoms include colicky abdominal pain, constipation, headache, and irritability [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Gram-Positive Bacteria

  Let's put a smile on that face *Joker laugh* Bacillus cereus is a gram positive bacteria. It has become an important cause of food poisoning and we are discussing that today! Let's get learning! B cereus produces two patterns of foodborne disease. [immense-immunology-insight.blogspot.com]

  Trimethoprim, which is also added to the medium, blocks folic acid synthesis necessary for DNA production and is active against many Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. and some non-cereus Bacillus species. [oxoid.com]

  Actinomyces A group of filamentous gram-positive bacteria. Airborne mold Mold spores. (See Spores). [emlab.com]

  CodY is a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator that controls key metabolic intersections of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and mediates stationary-phase adaptations in several low G+C Gram-positive bacteria ( Sonenshein, 2007 ). [frontiersin.org]

Causative Agents Source and Clinical Features Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Treatment Staphylococci Improperly stored foods with high salt or sugar content favors growth of staphylococci. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Most cases of Bacillus cereus food poisoning resolve themselves without medical treatment. Rehydration, either orally or intravenously, may be needed to replace fluids lost through vomiting or diarrhea. [schmidtandclark.com]

Atropine administration is the preferred treatment. [atsu.edu]

Bacteria or cytotoxins damage the colonic mucosa → blood in stool and fever Pathogen Association Foods/Transmission Incubation period Treatment Salmonella (100s of strains, including S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium ) Poultry/eggs Chicken products: eggs [amboss.com]

Good news is, B cereus causes a self limiting illness requiring no specific treatment, cheers to the immune system! ^_^ You might require symptomatic treatment, never hesitate to see a doctor if you are nervous about your symptoms! [immense-immunology-insight.blogspot.com]

[…] abstracted from Gideon www.GideonOnline.com the Gideon e-book series. [1] (primary references available on request) Incidence and Prevalence: – Bacillus cereus food poisoning accounts for approximately 2% of food-related disease outbreaks with confirmed etiology [gideononline.com]

MM 302-304; ID 1185-1194 NONINFLAMMATORY GASTROENTERITIS - FOOD POISONING NAME OF DISEASE : Food poisoning Food toxemia Botulism ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS : Staphylococcus aureus (gram +, aerobic, coccus) Bacillus cereus (gram +, aerobic, rod) Clostridium perfringens [atsu.edu]

Microscopic evaluation for fecal polymorphonuclear leukocytes or lactoferrin measurements may be useful if an inflammatory etiology is suspected. A positive stool culture is more likely when analysis indicates an inflammatory process. [aafp.org]

Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.de]

Author Affiliations From the Enteric Diseases Branch, Bacterial Diseases Division, Bureau of Epidemiology, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, where reprint requests should be addressed to Dr. Terranova. [nejm.org]

Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Bacillus cereus Causal agent Bacillus cereus food poisoning is a gastrointestinal intoxication caused by toxins produced by the Bacillus cereus bacterium. [healthknowledge.org.uk]

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 9, Issue. 8, p. 368. [cambridge.org]

[…] particularly in warm kitchens Consumption of foods in which large numbers of Bacillus spp. have grown can cause gastrointestinal illness, either by: the consumption of pre-formed toxin toxins produced by these bacteria in the gut Diagnosis and management Epidemiology [gov.uk]

Since beta cell dysfunction and cell death plays a key role in pathophysiology of diabetes, these results render it possible that a long-termed uptake of cereulide-contaminated food could have some implications in diabetes ( Vangoitsenhoven et al., 2014 [frontiersin.org]

Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.de]

We come back to food security information top page About food poisoning due to Bacillus cereus (the Food Safety Commission, PDF: 494KB) (external link) Current position Top page Disaster prevention, consumers, food Food Food security information (food [pref.gunma.jp.e.aag.hp.transer.com]

Prevention of Bacillus cereus B. cereus spores actually thrive and activate at high temperatures. One way to prevent emetic form of this illness is to promptly cool down cooked foods, especially boiled rice. [ic.steadyhealth.com]

Time and temperature control following heat treatment is of prime importance to prevent extensive Bacillus cereus growth and/or formation of emetic toxin. [cfs.gov.hk]

If you cannot drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration, call your doctor. How Can I Prevent Illness? If food is to be stored longer than two hours, keep hot foods hot (over 140°F) and cold foods cold (40°F or under). [foodsafety.gov]