This article discusses multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, nucleic acid sequencing, whole genome sequencing, variable absent or present loci, microarrays and MS as potential subtyping methods to enhance [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Eduardo Fernandez Escartín, Professor of Graduate Research in Food Safety, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Mexico "The writing style and presentation of the material allow the material to be readily grasped and understood." [elsevier.com]

• Internal Bleeding

  Foreign objects in food can cause broken teeth or internal bleeding. [bccdc.ca]

• Vomiting

  Likewise, if symptoms persist or are severe (such as bloody diarrhea, excessive nausea and vomiting, or high temperature), call your doctor. [fsis.usda.gov]

  The most common symptoms were dizziness (58.9%), nausea and vomiting (36.3%). 181 patients (54.4%) received intravenous fluid infusion and blood tests were ordered for 82 (24.6%). All patients were discharged except one who required admission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Foodborne disease is an illness, usually in the form of vomiting and diarrhea, that occurs after you eat foods that have been contaminated with bacteria, viruses or parasites called pathogens. [livestrong.com]

• Food Poisoning

  Food poisoning can last days or weeks and symptoms include: headache and fever stomach cramps diarrhoea nausea and vomiting. [health.qld.gov.au]

  OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of the first outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella Alachua in Brazil, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and the genetic relatedness of Salmonella Alachua strains isolated [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Introduction Enhanced foodborne disease surveillance has been recognised as an essential tool to help reduce food poisoning by the World Health Organization and many countries around the world. [ozfoodnet.gov.au]

  Read tips to avoid food poisoning. [nhs.uk]

  Bacterial food poisoning is a prevalent foodborne disease worldwide [18, 19]. [bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com]

• Diarrhea

  Fever, muscle aches, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or diarrhea. [fsis.usda.gov]

  Common symptoms of many foodborne illnesses include vomiting diarrhea or bloody diarrhea abdominal pain fever chills Symptoms can range from mild to serious and can last from a few hours to several days. [niddk.nih.gov]

  Symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. [canada.ca]

  A suspected foodborne disease was any person in the affected community with abdominal pain, vomiting and or diarrhea between 25(th) and 30(th) September 2014 and had eaten from the food joint. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Any food item that is touched by a person who is ill with vomiting or diarrhea, or who has recently had such an illness, can become contaminated. [health.state.mn.us]

• Nausea

  Fever, muscle aches, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or diarrhea. [fsis.usda.gov]

  The most common symptoms were dizziness (58.9%), nausea and vomiting (36.3%). 181 patients (54.4%) received intravenous fluid infusion and blood tests were ordered for 82 (24.6%). All patients were discharged except one who required admission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Considerations Foodborne illness symptoms range from minor cases of nausea to more severe implications such as dehydration. [livestrong.com]

  Symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. [canada.ca]

  Often the inflammation leads to diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal cramps and sometimes fever. A foodborne infection can last between one and three days. [rivm.nl]

• Abdominal Cramps

  Severe nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea occur 30 minutes to 6 hours after eating; recovery from 1 to 3 days — longer if severe dehydration occurs. [fsis.usda.gov]

  Often the inflammation leads to diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal cramps and sometimes fever. A foodborne infection can last between one and three days. [rivm.nl]

  However, the microbe or toxin enters the body through the gastrointestinal tract, and often causes the first symptoms there, so nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea are common symptoms in many foodborne diseases. [doh.wa.gov]

  Other symptoms might include abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, joint/back aches, and fatigue. [health.state.mn.us]

  Numerous organisms cause similar symptoms, especially diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. [web.archive.org]

• Slurred Speech

  Symptoms usually appear 18 to 36 hours, but can sometimes appear as few as 6 hours or as many as 10 days after eating; double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. [fsis.usda.gov]

Abstract Although most non-typhoidal Salmonella illnesses are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment is critical for invasive infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These illnesses can be especially difficult to quantify because medical treatment is not sought. [ift.org]

A wide array of interventions has been developed to reduce the carriage of foodborne pathogens in poultry and livestock, including genetic selection of animals resistant to colonization, treatments to prevent vertical transmission of enteric pathogens [doi.org]

Oral rehydration is one of the most important treatments of TD. [microbiologysociety.org]

Early treatment with antibiotics can shorten a bout of traveler’s diarrhea. [niddk.nih.gov]

Prognosis Nontyphoid Salmonella is generally self-limiting. Most patients are treated on an outpatient basis. Extremes of age and an immunocompromised state increases morbidity and mortality. Typhoid Salmonella generally requires treatment. [emedicine.com]

There has been 1 case report of resolution of symptoms after installation of filters in an air-conditioning system, which lowered mold-colony counts. 24, 25 The overall prognosis for children with hypersensitivity pneumonitis is excellent. [doi.org]

Among the 18 reported deaths, 11 were attributed to bacterial etiologies (five Salmonella, three Listeria monocytogenes, two Escherichia coli O157:H7, and one Clostridium botulinum), two to viral etiologies (norovirus), and one to a chemical (mushroom [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Guidelines for the epidemiological investigation of multi-jurisdictional outbreaks that are potentially foodborne (PDF 198 KB) Guidelines for the epidemiological investigation of multi-jurisdictional outbreaks that are potentially foodborne (Word 175 [ozfoodnet.gov.au]

In 72% of non-laboratory-confirmed outbreaks, the etiology was assigned by using clinical-epidemiological profiles; thus, 93% of outbreaks eventually were associated with an etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology Salmonella infections most commonly begin with ingestion of bacteria in contaminated food or water. However, direct contact with animal and human carriers has also been implicated. [emedicine.com]

Further evidence for allergic pathophysiology in allergic fungal sinusitis. Laryngoscope. 1998 ; 108 : 1485 – 1496 Marple BF. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: current theories and management strategies. [doi.org]

[…] for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA,USA. 3 Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services,National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]