Given the rare atypical presentation and wide variety of clinical symptoms the tumor can present with, it is essential that GNB remains one of the important differential diagnoses in pediatric patients presenting with intrathoracic mass. [lungindia.com]

Mean age at presentation was 5 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lymphoid follicles may be present Often seen in patients with Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia (OMA) paraneoplastic syndrome Seven subtypes of neuroblastic tumors are recognized according to the degree of neuroblastic maturation and the amount of background [surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu]

The mode of presentation depends on the area of involvement; they may present with mass effect or with complications of metastasis. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Pain

  The patient is a woman, 73 years old, hypertensive, with hypothyroidism, associated for 15 years with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which had frequent complaints of low back pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients with ganglioneuroblastoma often present clinically with pain caused by either the primary tumor or by metastatic disease. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  She had suddenly felt continuously swelling pain on the left side of the waist and abdomen accompanied by fever one day earlier. The pain was alleviated without intervention. [astr.or.kr]

• Asymptomatic

  With intrathoracic involvement, the tumor may remain asymptomatic until it is large. The case reported illustrates a typical presentation of intrathoracic ganglioneuroblastoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  =F Sites Occurs anywhere in anatomic distribution of sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system ~80% arise in abdomen or adrenal gland, ~20% arise in thoracic cavity Etiology Clonal proliferation of immature cells of neural crest origin Clinical features Asymptomatic [pathologyoutlines.com]

• Fever

  Children under 2 years of age generally present with a large abdominal mass, fever, and weight loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients with cervical masses can present with Horner's syndrome. [7] However, in our patient the only complaint was shortness of breath with fever. Metastases were ruled out by thorough investigations. [lungindia.com]

  She had suddenly felt continuously swelling pain on the left side of the waist and abdomen accompanied by fever one day earlier. The pain was alleviated without intervention. [astr.or.kr]

  If the tumor is in the abdomen, other symptoms can include: abdominal pain diarrhea or constipation bone pain fever paralysis, if the tumor compresses the spine In general, cancer develops due to a genetic mutation that allows cells to multiply out of [healthline.com]

  A 27-year-old woman was admitted to hospital complaining of commitment left loin pain for 7 months accompanied with fever for 1 day. [cuaj.ca]

• Swelling

  An eight-month-old male child was admitted with weakness and swelling in the feet. Paraparesis and bilateral lower extremity edema were present in the neurological examination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Firat University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Elazig, Turkey b Hacettepe University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey Received June 11, 2011 Accepted December 18, 2011 An eight‑month‑old male child was admitted with weakness and swelling [actamedica.lfhk.cuni.cz]

  She had suddenly felt continuously swelling pain on the left side of the waist and abdomen accompanied by fever one day earlier. The pain was alleviated without intervention. [astr.or.kr]

  In this study, a 5-year-old patient with no complaints other than neck swelling and a positive pathology of ganglioneuroblastoma is presented. 2. [hindawi.com]

  Takada, Daikei; Nagai, Hidemasa; Moritake, Kouzo; Akiyama, Yasuhiko // Surgical Neurology International;2012, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p58 Background: Decompressive craniectomy is undertaken for relief of brain herniation caused by acute brain swelling. [connection.ebscohost.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  Tumors in the FH group included 43 ganglioneuroma-maturing (GN-M), 198 ganglioneuroblastoma-intermixed (GNB-I), and 59 ganglioneuroblastoma-nodular, favorable subset (GNB-N-FS), and were often (91%) resected completely by single or multiple surgical procedures [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Aspiration

  This tumor may also occur at other sites, including: Chest cavity Neck Legs The health care provider may do the following tests: Fine-needle aspiration of the tumor Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy Bone scan CT scan or MRI scan of the affected area PET [nlm.nih.gov]

  A 15-year-old boy with a known case of ganglioneuroblastoma of the kidney for the previous 10 years manifested by right mandibular and neck masses on 2 occasions 1 year apart was diagnosed with metastatic ganglioneuroblastoma by fine needle aspiration [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bone marrow aspirate may show evidence of metastatic disease. However, Adam et al, in their study found negative marrow findings in 38 of 40 cases studied [2]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  This tumor may also occur at other sites, including: Chest cavity Neck Legs Exams and Tests The health care provider may do the following tests: Fine-needle aspiration of the tumor Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy Bone scan CT scan or MRI scan of the [mclaren.org]

• Cough

  Your recognised location is United States (US) Chronic cough in a child This article is freely available only to users in the UK. [evidence.nhs.uk]

  In early 2008 lil'um had a bit of a cough... It would'nt clear on it's own so off to out GP...3 different antibiotics later it started to go. [cancerresearchuk.org]

  I had been to his pediatrician for 2 weeks because of a cough and no medicine would cure it. He would get a fever of 102 every other day but just once so I decided to go to Children's in Dallas. [cncfhope.org]

  We present the case of a male patient aged 4 years investigated for persistent cough and abdominal pain and diagnosed with posterior mediastinal tumor occupying the entire left hemithorax and extended into the spinal canal. [connection.ebscohost.com]

  For seven days prior to admission, she had been treated for fever and cough at a private clinic. The day before admission she developed dyspnoea. Chest radiography showed an enlarged heart and she was referred to our hospital. [adc.bmj.com]

• Diarrhea

  This is a rare entity characterized by premonitory, persisting diarrhea, causing fluid and electrolyte changes typical of the WDHA syndrome, associating watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydia. [dial.uclouvain.be]

  Intractable diarrhea in children with VIP-secreting ganglioneuroblastomas. J Pediatr Surg. 1983;18:34-36. [consultant360.com]

  Cervical ganglioneuroblastomas may be associated with HORNER SYNDROME and the tumor may occasionally secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide, resulting in chronic diarrhea. [rgd.mcw.edu]

• Vomiting

  There is also not enough reliable evidence to draw a firm conclusion on the use of TENS for nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy. [naturallivingcenter.net]

  […] ganglioneuroblastomas are incredibly rare neuroectodermal tumors with only 8 described cases total, 5 of those having imaging findings Methods: Here we present a 9-year-old female patient with 4 months progressive headaches, personality changes, and vomiting [pennstate.pure.elsevier.com]

  They reported the case of a three year-old girl who became irritable and lethargic since six months before the presentation, and progressively developed vomiting, occipital headache and incoordination. [doi.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  If the tumor is in the abdomen, other symptoms can include: abdominal pain diarrhea or constipation bone pain fever paralysis, if the tumor compresses the spine In general, cancer develops due to a genetic mutation that allows cells to multiply out of [healthline.com]

  For years the topic of appendiceal colic as a cause for this recurrent abdominal pain has remain... Airway Management In Pediatric Anesthesia: Laryngeal Mask Airway Vs Endotracheal Tube. [connection.ebscohost.com]

  pain, chronic diarrhea and blepharitis. [thieme-connect.com]

  The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (53.0%), followed by abdominal swelling (42.0%) and fever (26.0%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If the tumor has grown in the abdominal cavity, then nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, or diarrhea may appear. [bookinghealth.com]

• Constipation

  We report a teenage girl with ganglioneuroblastoma who presented with severe constipation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If the tumor is in the abdomen, other symptoms can include: abdominal pain diarrhea or constipation bone pain fever paralysis, if the tumor compresses the spine In general, cancer develops due to a genetic mutation that allows cells to multiply out of [healthline.com]

  If the tumor has grown in the abdominal cavity, then nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, or diarrhea may appear. [bookinghealth.com]

  Some of the more common symptoms include: Abdominal swelling, pain, constipation or difficulty urinating if a tumor is present in the abdomen. [childrensoncologygroup.org]

  For example, the tumor may press against the bladder or bowel, causing urinary problems, constipation, or diarrhea. Diagnosis To diagnose ganglioneuroblastomas, the doctor may ask about the child's symptoms and run some tests. [naturallivingcenter.net]

• Failure to Thrive

  thrive despite sufficient caloric intake, hypersalivation, abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and blepharitis. [thieme-connect.com]

  […] to thrive intellectual disabilities movement and gait abnormalities Numerous variations of homocystinuria exist. [healthline.com]

• Bone Pain

  If the tumor is in the abdomen, other symptoms can include: abdominal pain diarrhea or constipation bone pain fever paralysis, if the tumor compresses the spine In general, cancer develops due to a genetic mutation that allows cells to multiply out of [healthline.com]

  Several classic signs and symptoms such as proptosis, bone pain, and bone marrow failure, have been associated with metastatic neuroblastoma. [adc.bmj.com]

  pain Treatment Children with neuroblastoma should only be treated by doctors from pediatric hospitals specializing in pediatric oncology. [bookinghealth.com]

  In older children, the cause may not be recognized until metastatic disease produces bone pain, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal disturbances, and the like. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bone pain Fatigue, if the disease has spread to the bone marrow Bleeding and bruising Fever Less frequent symptoms caused by hormones released by the neuroblastoma cells include: High blood pressure Rapid heartbeat Persistent diarrhea Diagnosing Neuroblastoma [childrensoncologygroup.org]

• Ulcer

  Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma with postoperative stress ulcer perforation in an adolescent: A case report and review of the literature. [spandidos-publications.com]

  The first, a 38-year-old woman, presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of multiple endocrine neoplasia, including gastric ulceration and hypercalcemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Use cautiously with blood clotting disorders, low blood pressure, diabetes, or peptic ulcer disease. [naturallivingcenter.net]

  She was concurrently diagnosed with Ulcerative Colitis (her presenting symptom). The cancer was found "by accident on CT" upon work up for U.C. [cncfhope.org]

  Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma with postoperative stress ulcer perforation in an adolescent: A case report and review of the literature. Zhang S, Xiao B, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Fu X, Zuo S. Zhang S, et al. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Suggestibility

  This case suggests that the diagnosis of bone marrow involvement should be carefully considered even in adult-onset ganglioneuroblastoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Aggressive Behavior

  Unfavorable stroma-poor and nodular stroma-rich groups form poor prognosis groups (7% survival) and show morphological evidence of malignant or aggressive behavior, such as inappropriate immaturity for age, higher MKI, and gross nodule formation by immature [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These findings indicated that NB displayed more aggressive behaviors, while GNBi often presented favorable behaviors. In our study, we also found patients with GNBi to have a higher survival rates than patients with GNBn. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Urinary Retention

  If the tumor compresses the ureter, the child with neuroblastoma may have urinary retention. Tumors that grow close to the spine can invade into the spinal canal. [bookinghealth.com]

  A 15-year-old boy was presented with a Lhermitte's symptom (an electric shock-like sensation from lower back to both legs) and urinary retention of 15 days duration. This was followed by sudden paralysis of both lower limbs of 7 days duration. [ijpmonline.org]

  Nine years after the second operation, the patient admitted with progressive paraparesis, urinary retention and hypoesthesia. MRI revealed a right foraminal T10 extradural mass ( Fig. 3 ). [jkns.or.kr]

  Muñiz and Brent King, Neuroblastoma Causing Acute Urinary Retention: A Rare Presentation, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 39, 5, (602), (2010). [doi.org]

• Irritability

  Expression of TRK-A, a nerve growth factor, correlates with a favorable outcome.1 Relevant Clinical Information: Proptosis, periorbital ecchymoses, frontal prominence, pain, weight loss, malaise, irritability, Hutchinson syndrome, Horner syndrome, paraneoplasic [ajnr.org]

  Daldrup-Link, Beverley Newman Publisher: Cambridge University Press https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139084239.017 pp 53-55 Summary Imaging description A 19-month-old child presented with symptoms of difficulty in walking, abnormal eye and limb movements, and irritability [cambridge.org]

  Bone metastasis accompanied by limping and irritability is called Hutchinson syndrome. Pepper syndrome is the presence of large liver metastases in infants. In children younger than 1 year, skin metastases are common. [enjoypath.com]

  Depending on where the tumor is located, some patients complain of pain, irritability, weight loss, or shortness of breath. Nina did not have any symptoms. Cause The cause of neuroblastoma and ganglioneurblastoma are unknown. [marriedtomike.com]

  Other features like malaise, irritability, weight loss, breathing difficulties, Horner syndrome, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and peripheral neurologic signs can be seen. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Her workup revealed a large, homogeneous tumor in the apex of the chest. Surgical resection was performed demonstrating ganglioneuroblastoma. This case illustrates an unusual cause of joint discomfort in children. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Initial workup included a normal complete blood count, electrolytes, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, celiac serology, and IgE food allergy testing. [consultant360.com]

If alternative treatment has failed, resection can be accomplished with relative safety. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Content Overview Incidence of ganglioneuroblastoma Symptoms Treatment Staging Treatment of intermediate-risk neuroblastoma Statistics on recovery from neuroblastoma Prices for treatment Undergoing treatment of neuroblastoma with Booking Health Overview [bookinghealth.com]

Patients with the FH tumors had an excellent prognosis with no tumor-related deaths. The UH group included ganglioneuroblastoma-nodular, unfavorable subset (GNB-N-US) tumors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis also depends on margin of surgical resection. The overall favorable prognosis of GNB is related to the fact that most tumor are localized and have intermixed rather than nodular features. [ccij-online.org]

Poor Prognosis Tetraploid or near diploidLoss of heterozygosityAmplification of N-myc (>10 copies) [studyblue.com]

Epidemiology 4th most common tumor in childhood 75 - 85% occur within first 4 years of life M=F Sites Occurs anywhere in anatomic distribution of sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system ~80% arise in abdomen or adrenal gland, ~20% arise in thoracic cavity Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

The prevalence of different etiologies varies among the studies; however, it is likely that the majority consists in nonfunctioning adenomas. [hindawi.com]

Urine studies did not suggest a renal etiology. Potassium citrate supplementation was initiated at 4 mEq/kg twice a day. On examination at 39 months, the patient appeared healthy and interactive. Maximal blood pressure was 91/55 mm Hg. [consultant360.com]

While more information is known regarding pediatric neuroblastoma, little is known regarding the epidemiology and clinical features of GNB. [ascopubs.org]

[…] depending on amount of Schwannian, spindle cell stroma Intermixed variant : composite tumor in the "stroma-rich" category Ganglioneuromatous tissue with interspersed, sharply defined, unencapsulated nests of variably differentiated neuroblastic cells Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

With an annual incidence of 7.6 per 1,000,000 population according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Registry, they are the most common solid extracranial tumors in children [1]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Identification, epidemiology, an chronicity of paediatric esophageal eosiniphilia, 1982–1999. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126: 112-119 4 Hiorns MP, Owens CM. Radiology of neuroblastoma in children. [thieme-connect.com]

These findings raised the possibility that MCH or MCH-like peptides may be related to the pathophysiology of these neural crest-derived tumors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology: The histologic difference between ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and neuroblastoma is their stage of neuroblast maturation (Shimada, 1999). [haveyroo.blogspot.com]

If it does turn out to be a ganglioneuroblastoma, the quicker you discover and diagnose it, the quicker it can be removed and prevented from spreading throughout you or your child’s body. [healthline.com]

Pediatric oncologist should be aware of tuberculosis as the incidence might increase over time and the timely diagnosis of a potentially preventable M. tuberculosis disease is irreplaceable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention High-quality clinical data on the prevention of ganglioneuroblastomas are currently lacking. [naturallivingcenter.net]

Transplantation Substance Use and Addiction Surgery Surgical Innovation Surgical Pearls Teachable Moment Technology and Finance The Rational Clinical Examination Tobacco and e-Cigarettes Toxicology Trauma and Injury Treatment Adherence United States Preventive [jamanetwork.com]

Alpha blockade is recommended for patients with increased catecholamines; calcium channel blockers and metyrosine may treat and prevent perioperative hypertension.3 Although ganglioneuroblastomas generally present in young children and can produce VIP [consultant360.com]