We present two patients of TA who presented with gangrene of extremities, and review eight prior such patients reported in the literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presentation Gangrene can affect any part of the body but most often affects the extremities, ie the fingers and toes. Gangrene can also affect the internal body organs, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. [patient.info]

• Gangrene

  1 w diabetic gangrene DM 2 w diabetic gangrene Drug induced diabetes with gangrene Drug induced DM w diabetic gangrene Gangrene associated with type I diabetes mellitus Gangrene associated with type II diabetes mellitus Gangrene due to peripheral vascular [icd9data.com]

  [14] Because dry gangrene is not accompanied by infection, it is not as emergent as gas gangrene or wet gangrene, both of which have a risk of sepsis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  ► Histopathology of gangrene ‎ (1 C) ► X-rays of gangrene ‎ (1 C) F ► Fournier gangrene ‎ (5 F) G ► Gas gangrene ‎ (2 C, 8 F) N ► Noma (disease) ‎ (14 F) Fișiere media din categoria „Gangrene” Următoarele 109 fișiere se află în această categorie, dintr-un [commons.wikimedia.org]

  Gas gangrene is a particular subtype of wet gangrene and is discussed in the separate article Gas Gangrene. [patient.info]

• Surgical Procedure

  Due to the signs of acute abdomen and poor general condition of the patient, urgent surgical procedure was indicated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Surgery Your doctor may perform a surgical procedure to remove dead tissue, which helps stop gangrene from spreading and allows healthy tissue to heal. [mayoclinic.org]

  Necrotizing fasciitis may occur as a complication of a variety of surgical procedures or medical conditions, including cardiac catheterization, [3] vein sclerotherapy, [4] and diagnostic laparoscopy, [5] among others. [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12] It may also [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Streptococcal Infection

  Clinicians should note that fulminant streptococcal infection (streptococcal toxic shock syndrome) in young and immunocompetent patients may not be associated with gangrene in the extremities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a toxic shocklike syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1. Stevens, DL. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: Spectrum of disease, pathogenesis and new concepts in treatment. [medigraphic.com]

  Progression to toxemia and shock is often very rapid.[20] Other types[edit] Necrotizing fasciitis, also known as hemolytic streptococcal gangrene, is a very rare infection that spreads deep into the body along tissue planes. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Poor prognosis in necrotizing fasciitis has been linked to infection with certain streptococcal strains. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Malaise

  Patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors should be advised to seek urgent medical attention if they experience severe pain, tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area accompanied by fever or malaise. [gov.uk]

  Patients are often systemically unwell with symptoms such as fever, malaise, arthralgia, and myalgia. Lesions are usually painful and the pain can be severe. When the lesions heal the scars are often cribriform. [dx.doi.org]

  Signs & Symptoms Symptoms include fever, general discomfort (malaise), moderate to severe pain and swelling in the genital and anal areas (perineal) followed by rankness and smell of the affected tissues (fetid suppuration) leading to full blown (fulminating [rarediseases.org]

  Case report A 77-year-old female patient presented with a 5-day history of fever, dry cough, malaise, and acrocyanosis, without arthritis or Raynaud's phenomenon. At admission, she was afebrile, pale and with jaundice. [scielo.br]

  Infection should be suspected at the first appearance of a foot problem (e.g. pain, swelling, ulceration) or a systemic disorder (e.g. fever, malaise, poor glycemic control). [doi.org]

• Pathologist

  Autopsy prosecutors (diagnostic and forensic pathologists) must recognize the difficulty in making an appropriate autopsy diagnosis, particularly when bacterial embolism is not associated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The pathologist will look for changes, including the presence of inflammatory cells and epithelium damage. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  However, strictly speaking, gastritis is a formal medical term for a diagnosis made by a pathologist when evidence of inflammation and damage to the stomach lining is seen in a biopsy specimen taken during an upper endoscopy. [ddc.musc.edu]

• Ulcer

  ulcerated, ulcerating, ulceration, ulcerative 707.9 gangrenous (see also Gangrene) 785.4 [icd9data.com]

  […] of skin, NEC) 피부의 만성 궤양(Chronic ulcer of skin) NOS 열대성 궤양(Tropical ulcer) NOS 피부의 궤양(Ulcer of skin) NOS 제외：욕창성 궤양(decubitus ulcer)(L89) 괴저(gangrene)(R02) 피부 감염(skin infections)(L00-L08) A00-B99에 분류된 특이적 감염(specific infections classified to A00-B99) 하지의 [dic.impact.pe.kr]

  Sacral pressure ulcers are one of the causes of FG. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Mnich, Treatment of chronic ulcers, Phlebologie, 46, 1, (13), (2017). Genevieve Abela, Benefits of maggot debridement therapy on leg ulcers: a literature review, British Journal of Community Nursing, 22, Sup6, (S14), (2017). [dx.doi.org]

• Incontinence

  Urinary dysfunctions are taken into account and treated; however, anal incontinence is not investigated even though it could lead to decreased quality of life. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Other symptoms include: Abdominal pain or cramping Nausea Vomiting Fever Poor feeding (in infants) Unintentional weight loss (may be a sign of dehydration) Excessive sweating Clammy skin Muscle pain or joint stiffness Incontinence (loss of stool control [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Additional symptoms and signs of gastroenteritis may include: Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain and cramping Mild fever and chills Loss of appetite Headache and muscle aches Tiredness and general body weakness Incontinence (loss of control over bowel [southerncross.co.nz]

Epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, therapeutic options and morbidity-mortality rates of Fournier's gangrene are reviewed, emphasizing the role of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients to disease development [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(see Clinical and Workup). They require aggressive treatment to combat the associated high morbidity and mortality (see Treatment). Images of necrotizing fasciitis are shown below. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatments for gangrene are determined by the location and extent of the damage. Possible treatments include revascularization (the restoration of blood flow), antibiotics or amputation. [ucl.ac.uk]

treatment, or with no treatment. [cochrane.org]

[…] all dead tissue, however, is the mainstay of treatment for gangrene. [en.wikipedia.org]

If treatment is delayed, the gangrene is extensive, or the person has other significant medical problems, the person may die. [nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Prognosis depends on the presence of other morbidity, the area of the body affected and the extent of gangrene. One quarter of patients will develop septic shock which has a high fatality rate. [patient.info]

PURPOSE: For survivors of perineal gangrene (PG), quality of life and functional prognosis of pelvic functions are probably overestimated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

What is the prognosis for wet gangrene? Prognosis in wet gangrene depends on the extent of disease, the underlying cause and the timing of appropriate treatment. [dermnetnz.org]

Gas gangrene has the worst prognosis. It is associated with a high death rate because it causes the infection to quickly spread to the bloodstream. References: Lipworth AD, et al., eds. [docdoc.com.sg]

The second is a 40-year-old woman who consults for dry gangrene of hands and feet, without demonstrable etiology. [scielo.iics.una.py]

The usual etiology of hypernatremic dehydration in this age group is insufficient breast milk intake. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Colorectal etiology were the most frequent (n=18). The most common clinical presentation were perineum pain (n=21) and erythema (n=19). [scielo.org.co]

Trauma is the most common etiology. Nonpalpable pulses are common. Palpable pulses do not preclude the presence of limb-threatening ischemia. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Medical management of PAD involves comprehensive care, including risk factor modification of etiologies predisposing to atherosclerosis. [doi.org]

Epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, therapeutic options and morbidity-mortality rates of Fournier's gangrene are reviewed, emphasizing the role of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients to disease development [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Fournier's gangrene: Population based epidemiology and outcomes". The Journal of Urology. 181 (5): 2120–6. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.01.034. PMC 3042351. PMID 19286224. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiological characteristics of Fournier's gangrene: a report of 71 patients. Urol Int. 2012;89:457-61. [ Links ] 10. Yilmazlar T, Ozturk E, Ozguc H, Ercan I, Vuruskan H, Oktay B. [scielo.br]

[…] presents as symmetrical gangrene of two or more extremities without large vessel obstruction or vasculitis. [ 2 ] Fournier's gangrene is a rare but severe necrotising fasciitis of the external genitalia. [ 3, 4 ] Other forms of necrotising fasciitis. [ 5 ] Epidemiology [patient.info]

2 TABLE 3: OTHER EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS2 Travel (in general) E. coli is the most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

Designed to provide students with essential concepts of disease processes and altered health states, this text is ideal for both discrete and integrated pathophysiology courses. [books.google.com]

Understanding pathophysiology (ấn bản 1). Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier Australia. ISBN 0729539512. Liên kết ngoài[sửa | sửa mã nguồn] Life In The Fast Lane: toxicology Conundrum #018 Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. [vi.wikipedia.org]

No classification scheme matches perfectly with the pathophysiology; a large degree of overlap exists. Some forms of gastritis involve acid-peptic and H. pylori disease (see also Overview of Acid Secretion). [merckmanuals.com]

The hallmarks of this disease are rapid onset of myonecrosis with muscle swelling, severe pain, gas production, and sepsis. [1, 2, 3] Pathophysiology Clostridium species are gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic rods normally found in soil and the gastrointestinal [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment for gangrene involves removing the affected tissue, preventing infection or treating any existing infection, and treating the problem that led to gangrene developing. [nhs.uk]

Prevention If you have risk factors for developing gangrene, there are steps you can take to prevent it. Being aware of the possibility of gangrene is an important aspect of prevention, particularly because gangrene doesn’t always cause pain. [verywellhealth.com]