We present two patients of TA who presented with gangrene of extremities, and review eight prior such patients reported in the literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presentation Gangrene can affect any part of the body but most often affects the extremities, ie the fingers and toes. Gangrene can also affect the internal body organs, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. [patient.info]

• Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

  Perineal examination revealed grossly swollen and indurated scrotum with bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Investigations showed elevated inflammatory markers and HbA1c of 99 mmol/mol (11.2%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Right inguinal lymphadenopathy (black arrow) is also noted. Ultrasonography A US finding in Fournier gangrene is a thickened, edematous scrotal wall. [dx.doi.org]

• Enuresis

  In anecdotes, Fournier described recognized causes of perineal gangrene, including placement of a mistress’ ring around the phallus, ligation of the prepuce (used in an attempt to control enuresis or as an attempted birth control technique practiced by [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Muscle Swelling

  The hallmarks of this disease are rapid onset of myonecrosis with muscle swelling, severe pain, gas production, and sepsis. [1, 2, 3] Pathophysiology Clostridium species are gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic rods normally found in soil and the gastrointestinal [emedicine.medscape.com]

  A diagnosis of gas gangrene can be suspected, until proven otherwise, when the following features are present: history of prior trauma or surgery, muscle swelling, severe pain, oedema (swelling due to accumulation of fluid), wound discolouration, watery [doi.org]

  Disease has rapid onset of myonecrosis with muscle swelling, severe pain, gas production, and sepsis. For more than a century, many authors have described soft tissue infections. [intechopen.com]

Epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, therapeutic options and morbidity-mortality rates of Fournier's gangrene are reviewed, emphasizing the role of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients to disease development [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(see Clinical and Workup). They require aggressive treatment to combat the associated high morbidity and mortality (see Treatment). Images of necrotizing fasciitis are shown below. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] all dead tissue, however, is the mainstay of treatment for gangrene. [en.wikipedia.org]

Treatments for gangrene are determined by the location and extent of the damage. Possible treatments include revascularization (the restoration of blood flow), antibiotics or amputation. [ucl.ac.uk]

treatment, or with no treatment. [cochrane.org]

If treatment is delayed, the gangrene is extensive, or the person has other significant medical problems, the person may die. [nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Prognosis depends on the presence of other morbidity, the area of the body affected and the extent of gangrene. One quarter of patients will develop septic shock which has a high fatality rate. [patient.info]

PURPOSE: For survivors of perineal gangrene (PG), quality of life and functional prognosis of pelvic functions are probably overestimated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

What is the prognosis for wet gangrene? Prognosis in wet gangrene depends on the extent of disease, the underlying cause and the timing of appropriate treatment. [dermnetnz.org]

Gas gangrene has the worst prognosis. It is associated with a high death rate because it causes the infection to quickly spread to the bloodstream. References: Lipworth AD, et al., eds. [docdoc.com.sg]

The usual etiology of hypernatremic dehydration in this age group is insufficient breast milk intake. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The second is a 40-year-old woman who consults for dry gangrene of hands and feet, without demonstrable etiology. [scielo.iics.una.py]

Colorectal etiology were the most frequent (n=18). The most common clinical presentation were perineum pain (n=21) and erythema (n=19). [scielo.org.co]

Trauma is the most common etiology. Nonpalpable pulses are common. Palpable pulses do not preclude the presence of limb-threatening ischemia. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Other rare etiologies, such as diabetes mellitus, carbon monoxide poisoning, and plastic surgery, have also been reported as related to this illness. [scienceopen.com]

Epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, therapeutic options and morbidity-mortality rates of Fournier's gangrene are reviewed, emphasizing the role of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients to disease development [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Fournier's gangrene: Population based epidemiology and outcomes". The Journal of Urology. 181 (5): 2120–6. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.01.034. PMC 3042351. PMID 19286224. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] presents as symmetrical gangrene of two or more extremities without large vessel obstruction or vasculitis. [ 2 ] Fournier's gangrene is a rare but severe necrotising fasciitis of the external genitalia. [ 3, 4 ] Other forms of necrotising fasciitis. [ 5 ] Epidemiology [patient.info]

Epidemiological characteristics of Fournier's gangrene: a report of 71 patients. Urol Int. 2012;89:457-61. [ Links ] 10. Yilmazlar T, Ozturk E, Ozguc H, Ercan I, Vuruskan H, Oktay B. [scielo.br]

2 TABLE 3: OTHER EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS2 Travel (in general) E. coli is the most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

No classification scheme matches perfectly with the pathophysiology; a large degree of overlap exists. Some forms of gastritis involve acid-peptic and H. pylori disease (see also Overview of Acid Secretion). [merckmanuals.com]

Understanding pathophysiology (ấn bản 1). Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier Australia. ISBN 0729539512. Liên kết ngoài[sửa | sửa mã nguồn] Life In The Fast Lane: toxicology Conundrum #018 Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. [vi.wikipedia.org]

The hallmarks of this disease are rapid onset of myonecrosis with muscle swelling, severe pain, gas production, and sepsis. [1, 2, 3] Pathophysiology Clostridium species are gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic rods normally found in soil and the gastrointestinal [emedicine.medscape.com]

Jiwani, John Fletcher, Anders Carlsson and Rodney Chan, Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Current Treatments for Cutaneous Sequelae of Burn Wounds, Comprehensive Physiology, (371-405), (2017). [dx.doi.org]

Treatment for gangrene involves removing the affected tissue, preventing infection or treating any existing infection, and treating the problem that led to gangrene developing. [nhs.uk]

Prevention If you have risk factors for developing gangrene, there are steps you can take to prevent it. Being aware of the possibility of gangrene is an important aspect of prevention, particularly because gangrene doesn’t always cause pain. [verywellhealth.com]