A characteristic fishy odor was present in the urethral discharge of all three patients. G. vaginalis was isolated from the glans of all three, and clue cells were present in two. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the absence of existing genera with genetic features compatible with H. vaginalis, we propose the new genus Gardnerella for inclusion of organisms presently designated as either H. vaginalis or Corynebacterium vaginale. [doi.org]

• Wound Infection

  A case of wound infection after Caesarian section, in which Gardnerella vaginalis appeared to play a major role, is described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Periodontitis

  P. (2010) A novel sialic acid utilization and uptake system in the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. J. Bacteriol. 192, 2285–2293 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 83. Byers H. L., Tarelli E., Homer K. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hypotension

  Institution of tocolytic therapy for preterm labor is associated with maternal complications of septic hypotension and pulmonary edema in one patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Urethral Discharge

  Each man presented with a similar syndrome of diffuse erythema and pruritus of the glans meatus and coronal sulcus, irritation of the prepuce, and minimal urethral discharge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The presence of urethral discharge has been identified as an important diagnostic clue in the detection of certain sexually transmitted infections in males, 43 but the significance of G vaginalis is still controversial. 31 Specific cultures for G vaginalis [jamanetwork.com]

• Vaginal Bleeding

  Hysterectomy was performed in three patients because of persistent irregular vaginal bleeding. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Encephalopathy

  We report a case of G. vaginalis bacteremia associated with severe toxic encephalopathy in a young woman. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] bacteria and assign scores to each as shown: Lactobacillus (score, 0-4) Bacteroides / Gardnerella (score, 0-4) Mobiluncus (score, 0-2) Total scores are calculated and interpreted as follows: 0-3: Normal 4-6: Intermediate bacterial count 7-10: BV See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Vibrio Vulnificus

  F. (2011) Genomic and metabolic profiling of nonulosonic acids in Vibrionaceae reveal biochemical phenotypes of allelic divergence in Vibrio vulnificus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 5782–5793 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 56. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Forty-one of 47 (87%) patients given the single dose and 30 of 33 (91%) given the 7-day treatment were found to be cured seven days after treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Uncomplicated cases of bacterial vaginosis (BV) typically resolve after the standard antibiotic treatment. Mortality/Morbidity The prognosis for uncomplicated cases of bacterial vaginosis is generally excellent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis The outlook is excellent. Bacterial vaginosis can return, but repeat treatment is usually successful. External resources CDC National Prevention Information Network (NPIN) National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention P.O. [drugs.com]

Future studies with this model should facilitate investigation of important questions regarding BV etiology, pathogenesis and associated complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comparative investigation on the epidemiology of G. vaginalis-associated BV in Bulgaria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnostic modalities, specifically culturing techniques, are discussed, as well as suspected pathophysiologic mechanisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patient Education Educate patients regarding the basic pathophysiology, natural history, and risk factors of the bacterial vaginosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Genomewide analysis of gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: insights into the pathophysiology of S. epidermidis biofilms and the role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of biofilms. J. Infect. [nature.com]

Future research should focus on preventing its transmission and improved therapeutics for the biofilm infection that is caused by this pathogen and host anaerobes. The Author 2014. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]