A thin/watery gray-white discharge is present A fouls smell is present and often described as an Amine Odor or Fishy Smell. This smell is intensified after unprotected intercourse or when KOH is added (AKA Positive Whiff Test). [stomponstep1.com]

Gard·ner·el·la | \ ˌgärd-nə-ˈrel-ə \ Medical Definition of Gardnerella : a genus of bacteria of uncertain taxonomic affinities that includes one ( G. vaginalis synonym Haemophilus vaginalis ) often present in the flora of the healthy vagina and present [merriam-webster.com]

At least three of the four criteria are present for the diagnosis to be confirmed. [web.archive.org]

An exhaustive review of the published literature on this topic is presented. [journals.lww.com]

Some lactobacilli, but other organisms present. Grade 3: BV. Other organisms predominate. Few or absent lactobacilli. The isolation of G. vaginalis as a diagnostic criterion cannot be used, as it is present in the normal flora of up to 40% of women. [patient.info]

• Infertility

  PID can cause infertility or damage the fallopian tubes enough to increase the future risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility. [web.archive.org]

  […] ammonia-like odor in some patients Most patients are asymptomatic Pap smear is 80% sensitive and 87% specific; presence of "clue cells" is more sensitive and specific ( Acta Cytol 2005;49:634 ) Prognostic factors Complications are rare and include PID, infertility [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Injection and Other Drug Users 1061 Chapter 90 Sexually Transmitted Infections and Pregnancy 1079 Chapter 91 Sexually Transmitted Infections in Neonates and Infants 1095 Chapter 92 Congenital Syphilis 1103 Chapter 93 Sexually Transmitted Infections and Infertility [books.google.de]

  I have fears that it will cause another illness or even infertility. [steadyhealth.com]

  Serological investigation of Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women. Hum Reprod 2001; 16 (9) 1866-1874 88 Hebb JK, Cohen CR, Astete SG, Bukusi EA, Totten PA. [doi.org]

• Weakness

  The data suggest a relatively weak association between clinical diagnosis of NSV and isolation of G. vaginalis. [link.springer.com]

  The virus is spread through direct contact with the bodily fluids of a sick person and can cause fever, headache, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain and hemorrhage (severe bleeding). [niaid.nih.gov]

  Am J Clin Nutr 80 ( Suppl 6 ): 1678S – 1688S 13 1986 Muscle weakness in infants with rickets: distribution, course, and recovery. Pediatr Neurol 2 : 95 – 98 14 2005 Vitamin D: more than just affecting calcium and bone. [dx.doi.org]

  There was a weak bowel sound of the intestine, but was still flatus. At this time she had fever noted at 39ºC. Her tongue was coated, the eyes somewhat sunken, the blood pressure was 132/72, pulse rate 110u/min, respiratory rate 26u/min. [ispub.com]

  Polycarbophil is a weak poly-acid that it is able to adhere to vaginal epithelial cells, acting as a buffer in the vaginal secretions ( Milani et al., 2000 ). [frontiersin.org]

• Surgical Procedure

  Having bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of getting PID after a surgical procedure, such as a hysterectomy or an abortion. Higher risk of getting other STDs. [medic8.com]

  Treatment Treatment is indicated for: Symptomatic women ( A ) Women undergoing some surgical procedures ( A ) Women who do not volunteer symptoms may elect to take treatment if offered. [web.archive.org]

  The risk of a woman with BV developing PID is higher after the woman undergoes surgical procedures such as a hysterectomy or an abortion. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Zvára, A Comparison of the Incidence of Early Postoperative Infections between Patients Using Synthetic Mesh and Those Undergoing Traditional Pelvic Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, Prague Medical Report, 10.14712/23362936.2014.26, 114, 2, (81-91), [doi.org]

• Falling

  In Massachusetts, applicant income must fall at or below 185% of the federal poverty guidelines. [dx.doi.org]

  All new isolates and previously published genomes fall into four cpn 60 subgroups [ 8 ], including 17 isolates defined as belonging to clades 1–4 [ 7 ]. [journals.plos.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  Again, antibiotic treatment is usually only recommended if you are noticing symptoms (lower abdominal pain, fever, heavier bleeding after the birth). [kidspot.com.au]

  As time passed by, the abdominal pain became worse, more severe, involving all parts of the abdominal cavity. The consulting surgeon of the hospital was summoned at about 12pm. [ispub.com]

  When the infection gets really bad, it can cause fever and lower abdominal pain (but these can be symptoms of other serious infections as well). Trichomonas also likes company – a third of women who have it will have another STI at the same time. [myhousecallmd.com]

  Oral agents occasionally cause nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. Therapy with the oral azoles has been associated rarely with abnormal elevations of liver enzymes. [web.archive.org]

  Also, antibiotics can cause general adverse effects including palpitations, flushes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rashes, headache and dizziness ( Leitich 2003 ; Reid 2004 ; Yost 2000 ). [doi.org]

• Vaginal Discharge

  Postmenopausal vaginal discharge due to atrophic vaginitis. Vaginal discharge after gynaecological surgery. Investigations [ 2, 4 ] Diagnosis of BV in primary care can be logistically difficult. [patient.info]

  Gardnerella affects the colour, smell and consistency of vaginal discharge. In a healthy woman, vaginal discharge is completely normal. However it should be clear or white and shouldn’t have a strong smell or a lumpy or watery consistency. [onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com]

  Check if you have bacterial vaginosis The most common symptom of bacterial vaginosis is unusual vaginal discharge that has a strong fishy smell, particularly after sex. [nhs.uk]

  FSRH and BASHH Guidance (February 2012) Management of Vaginal Discharge in Non-Genitourinary Medicine Settings. [gpnotebook.co.uk]

• Vaginal Odor

  Diagnosis Your doctor will ask you to describe the vaginal odor and discharge. [drugs.com]

  Bacterial Vaginosis (Gardnerella Vaginitis) Overview Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal odor and discharge. It is caused by a change in the type of bacteria found in the vagina. [dallah-hospital.com]

  Published: March, 2019 Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal odor and discharge. It is caused by a change in the type of bacteria found in the vagina. [health.harvard.edu]

  Recent Examples on the Web This will help to prevent any vaginal issues, such as yeast infections, vaginal irritation, and bacterial vaginosis. — Yerin Kim, Seventeen, "Here’s Why You Might Want to Sleep Without Underwear," 2 Apr. 2019 Major offenders [merriam-webster.com]

  In others, it causes an unpleasant "fishy" vaginal odor and a yellow or white vaginal discharge. For some women, these symptoms are especially bothersome during or after intercourse. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 12 13. [slideshare.net]

• Dysuria

  Symptomology characteristic of vaginitis is observed with pruritis of the labia as well as dysuria. A vaginal discharge with a pungent characteristic fishy odor is observed. [pathwaymedicine.org]

  Inflammation leads to burning, itching, erythema, dysuria and dyspareunia. Many leukocytes are seen on microscopic examination Patchy Erythema on cervix is referred to as Strawberry Petechiae. [stomponstep1.com]

  […] prevalence in pregnant US women is in the range of 16% to 29%, and up to 30% of women visiting infertility clinics may be affected by BV. [22] Clinical manifestations include discomfort and pungent odor, a gray, thin, homogenous discharge, but rarely dysuria [medscape.com]

  Clinical findings Discomfort; thin, grey, pungent (fishy odour) vaginal discharge; occasionally dysuria; vagina or vulva are generally not inflammed. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] fishy odor Not primary symptom Not primary symptom No signs of inflammation Unaffected Anaerobic bacteria: Prevotella species, Mobiluncus species Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Green-yellow, frothy Pain with sexual intercourse, vaginal soreness, dysuria [aafp.org]

• Salpingitis

  Observations concerning the microbial etiology of acute salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Apr; 170 (4):1008–1017. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Larsson PG, Bergman B, Forsum U, Platz-Christensen JJ, Påhlson C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Observations concerning the microbial etiology of acute salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170 (4) 1008-1014, discussion 1014–1017 84 Jossens MO, Schachter J, Sweet RL. [doi.org]

  In women, a common cause of peritonitis is acute bacterial salpingitis. The same agents may involve the cervix and the cause acute and chronic lesions. [ispub.com]

  Complications Bacterial vaginosis (BV) may lead to an increased risk of salpingitis and/or endometritis, postsurgical infections (eg, postcesarean endometritis, posthysterectomy vaginal cuff cellulitis), and adverse outcomes in pregnancy, including premature [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Foul Smelling Vaginal Discharge

  Gardnerella is one label used to describe a condition that causes unusual, foul-smelling vaginal discharge in women. It is named after Gardnerella vaginalis, a type of bacteria that can develop inside the vagina causing this condition. [onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com]

  When symptoms do occur, you may have abnormal and foul-smelling vaginal discharge. The discharge is usually thin and dull gray or white. In some cases, it may also be foamy. [healthline.com]

  Some symptoms associated with vaginosis in women caused by G. vaginalis may include Gray, foul smelling vaginal discharge (the smell is particularly noticeable after intercourse, because semen is alkaline and reacts with the bacteria, causing the release [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

Vaginal and endocervical swabs were collected from adults attending the gynaecology outpatient department and clinically diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis, as part of the routine clinical workup of outpatients. [ijmm.org]

[…] bacteria and assign scores to each as shown: Lactobacillus (score, 0-4) Bacteroides / Gardnerella (score, 0-4) Mobiluncus (score, 0-2) Total scores are calculated and interpreted as follows: 0-3: Normal 4-6: Intermediate bacterial count 7-10: BV See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Gram-Positive Bacteria

  Bacterial and viral infectious agents Approximate Synonyms Anaerobic bacterial infection Bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacteria Bacteremia caused by gram-positive bacteria Bacteremia due to gram negative bacteria Bacteremia due to gram positive bacteria [icd10data.com]

  Cell structure and metabolism Gardnerella vaginalis is a gram-variable microbe, and therefore displays both, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria characteristics. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

  A similar trend was reported for Neisseria meningitides. 18 Interestingly, we found HMPREF0424_0420, a gene that encodes the LPXTG-motif cell anchor domain-containing protein, which can be involved in biofilm formation, as described in Gram-positive bacteria [nature.com]

  Electron microscopy and the lack of lipopolysaccharide production demonstrates that the cell wall is gram-positive, although the peptidoglycan layer can be thinner than many gram-positive organisms, resulting in negative gram staining [ 7 ]. [bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com]

The low efficacy of BV treatment with metronidazole may be due to the presence of such biofilms. [jmm.microbiologyresearch.org]

Treatment Treatment is recommended for women with symptoms. The established benefits of therapy in nonpregnant women are to relieve vaginal symptoms and signs of infection. [web.archive.org]

Prognosis It may resolve without treatment. Up to 70% of patients have a relapse within three months of successful treatment. [ 2 ] [patient.info]

Treatment possibilities for BV are limited and only achieve complete cure in 65 to 85% of cases. In most women, the condition relapses within weeks to months after treatment. [doi.org]

[…] the therapy of choice, which can result in a complete cure Please find comprehensive information on Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) regarding definition, distribution, risk factors, causes, signs & symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention, prognosis [dovemed.com]

Prognosis The outlook is excellent. Bacterial vaginosis can return, but repeat treatment is usually successful. External resources CDC National Prevention Information Network (NPIN) National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention P.O. [drugs.com]

Prognosis It may resolve without treatment. Up to 70% of patients have a relapse within three months of successful treatment. [ 2 ] [patient.info]

Prognosis Uncomplicated cases of bacterial vaginosis (BV) typically resolve after the standard antibiotic treatment. Mortality/Morbidity The prognosis for uncomplicated cases of bacterial vaginosis is generally excellent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] in young women Common finding in women with SIL (HPV infection) Uncommon in postmenopausal women, except those with hormonal replacement therapy Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, IUD, prior pregnancy, medication, spermicides and smoking Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Observations concerning the microbial etiology of acute salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170 (4) 1008-1014, discussion 1014–1017 84 Jossens MO, Schachter J, Sweet RL. [doi.org]

Background and epidemiology: Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition with a poorly understood etiology, natural history and public health burden. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Overview Practice Essentials Bacterial vaginosis (BV), or nonspecific vaginitis, was named because bacteria are the etiologic agents and an associated inflammatory response is lacking. [emedicine.medscape.com]

: Univ. of Chicago Press [anfangs] Anmerkungen Zusatz früher: medical microbiology, clinical immunology, epidemiology Abkürzungstitel: J. Infect. Dis. Ersch. unregelmäßig Beteil. [zdb-katalog.de]

Abstract The Gardnerella vaginalis infection of the urogenital tract, an STD, is of clinical importance in females and of epidemiological importance in males. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC et al. (1983) Nonspecific vaginitis: Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 74:14 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 2. [link.springer.com]

Links: aetiology epidemiology pathogenesis clinical features investigation treatment of bacterial vaginosis comparison of characteristics of vaginal discharge (candida (thrush) versus bacterial vaginosis (BV) versus trichomoniasis) NICE - screening for [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Patient Education Educate patients regarding the basic pathophysiology, natural history, and risk factors of the bacterial vaginosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Genomewide analysis of gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: insights into the pathophysiology of S. epidermidis biofilms and the role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of biofilms. J. Infect. [nature.com]

Ratner, Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 10.1016/B978-0-323-35214-7.00174-8, (1737-1744.e3), (2017). Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Claudia Marchitelli, Hope K. [doi.org]

The following keywords were used: bacterial vaginosis and treatment or management or therapy or prophylaxis or prevention. Results were grouped in treatment categories and were discussed. [doi.org]

Causes and Preventative Methods While curing gardnerella is of course important – preventing the condition from occurring in the first place – it is even more preferable to be able to prevent it from arising in the first place. [healthguidance.org]

Division of STD Prevention (DSTDP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/std Order Publication Online at www.cdc.gov/std/pub CDC-INFO Contact Center 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 Contact CDC-INFO CDC National Prevention [web.archive.org]

Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995. CDC, DSTDP (Division of STD Prevention). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 1994. ‎ [books.google.de]