An exhaustive review of the published literature on this topic is presented. [journals.lww.com]

Gard·ner·el·la | \ ˌgärd-nə-ˈrel-ə \ Medical Definition of Gardnerella : a genus of bacteria of uncertain taxonomic affinities that includes one ( G. vaginalis synonym Haemophilus vaginalis ) often present in the flora of the healthy vagina and present [merriam-webster.com]

A thin/watery gray-white discharge is present A fouls smell is present and often described as an Amine Odor or Fishy Smell. This smell is intensified after unprotected intercourse or when KOH is added (AKA Positive Whiff Test). [stomponstep1.com]

At least three of the four criteria are present for the diagnosis to be confirmed. [web.archive.org]

Some lactobacilli, but other organisms present. Grade 3: BV. Other organisms predominate. Few or absent lactobacilli. The isolation of G. vaginalis as a diagnostic criterion cannot be used, as it is present in the normal flora of up to 40% of women. [patient.info]

• Vaginal Discharge

  Gardnerella affects the colour, smell and consistency of vaginal discharge. In a healthy woman, vaginal discharge is completely normal. However it should be clear or white and shouldn’t have a strong smell or a lumpy or watery consistency. [onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com]

  Postmenopausal vaginal discharge due to atrophic vaginitis. Vaginal discharge after gynaecological surgery. Investigations [ 2, 4 ] Diagnosis of BV in primary care can be logistically difficult. [patient.info]

  It is good to have STD screening done if there is vaginal discharge and irritation. [diseasesweb.org]

  FSRH and BASHH Guidance (February 2012) Management of Vaginal Discharge in Non-Genitourinary Medicine Settings. [gpnotebook.co.uk]

• Vaginal Odor

  Diagnosis Your doctor will ask you to describe the vaginal odor and discharge. [drugs.com]

  Bacterial Vaginosis (Gardnerella Vaginitis) Overview Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal odor and discharge. It is caused by a change in the type of bacteria found in the vagina. [dallah-hospital.com]

  Published: March, 2019 Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal odor and discharge. It is caused by a change in the type of bacteria found in the vagina. [health.harvard.edu]

  Recent Examples on the Web This will help to prevent any vaginal issues, such as yeast infections, vaginal irritation, and bacterial vaginosis. — Yerin Kim, Seventeen, "Here’s Why You Might Want to Sleep Without Underwear," 2 Apr. 2019 Major offenders [merriam-webster.com]

  In others, it causes an unpleasant "fishy" vaginal odor and a yellow or white vaginal discharge. For some women, these symptoms are especially bothersome during or after intercourse. Dr.T.V.Rao MD 12 13. [slideshare.net]

• Dysuria

  Symptomology characteristic of vaginitis is observed with pruritis of the labia as well as dysuria. A vaginal discharge with a pungent characteristic fishy odor is observed. [pathwaymedicine.org]

  Inflammation leads to burning, itching, erythema, dysuria and dyspareunia. Many leukocytes are seen on microscopic examination Patchy Erythema on cervix is referred to as Strawberry Petechiae. [stomponstep1.com]

  […] prevalence in pregnant US women is in the range of 16% to 29%, and up to 30% of women visiting infertility clinics may be affected by BV. [22] Clinical manifestations include discomfort and pungent odor, a gray, thin, homogenous discharge, but rarely dysuria [medscape.com]

  Clinical findings Discomfort; thin, grey, pungent (fishy odour) vaginal discharge; occasionally dysuria; vagina or vulva are generally not inflammed. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] fishy odor Not primary symptom Not primary symptom No signs of inflammation Unaffected Anaerobic bacteria: Prevotella species, Mobiluncus species Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Green-yellow, frothy Pain with sexual intercourse, vaginal soreness, dysuria [aafp.org]

• Foul Smelling Vaginal Discharge

  Gardnerella is one label used to describe a condition that causes unusual, foul-smelling vaginal discharge in women. It is named after Gardnerella vaginalis, a type of bacteria that can develop inside the vagina causing this condition. [onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com]

  When symptoms do occur, you may have abnormal and foul-smelling vaginal discharge. The discharge is usually thin and dull gray or white. In some cases, it may also be foamy. [healthline.com]

  Some symptoms associated with vaginosis in women caused by G. vaginalis may include Gray, foul smelling vaginal discharge (the smell is particularly noticeable after intercourse, because semen is alkaline and reacts with the bacteria, causing the release [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

Vaginal and endocervical swabs were collected from adults attending the gynaecology outpatient department and clinically diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis, as part of the routine clinical workup of outpatients. [ijmm.org]

[…] bacteria and assign scores to each as shown: Lactobacillus (score, 0-4) Bacteroides / Gardnerella (score, 0-4) Mobiluncus (score, 0-2) Total scores are calculated and interpreted as follows: 0-3: Normal 4-6: Intermediate bacterial count 7-10: BV See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

The low efficacy of BV treatment with metronidazole may be due to the presence of such biofilms. [jmm.microbiologyresearch.org]

Prognosis It may resolve without treatment. Up to 70% of patients have a relapse within three months of successful treatment. [ 2 ] [patient.info]

Treatment Treatment is recommended for women with symptoms. The established benefits of therapy in nonpregnant women are to relieve vaginal symptoms and signs of infection. [web.archive.org]

[…] the therapy of choice, which can result in a complete cure Please find comprehensive information on Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) regarding definition, distribution, risk factors, causes, signs & symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention, prognosis [dovemed.com]

Prognosis The outlook is excellent. Bacterial vaginosis can return, but repeat treatment is usually successful. External resources CDC National Prevention Information Network (NPIN) National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention P.O. [drugs.com]

Prognosis It may resolve without treatment. Up to 70% of patients have a relapse within three months of successful treatment. [ 2 ] [patient.info]

Prognosis Uncomplicated cases of bacterial vaginosis (BV) typically resolve after the standard antibiotic treatment. Mortality/Morbidity The prognosis for uncomplicated cases of bacterial vaginosis is generally excellent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] in young women Common finding in women with SIL (HPV infection) Uncommon in postmenopausal women, except those with hormonal replacement therapy Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, IUD, prior pregnancy, medication, spermicides and smoking Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Observations concerning the microbial etiology of acute salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170 (4) 1008-1014, discussion 1014–1017 84 Jossens MO, Schachter J, Sweet RL. [doi.org]

Background and epidemiology: Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition with a poorly understood etiology, natural history and public health burden. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Overview Practice Essentials Bacterial vaginosis (BV), or nonspecific vaginitis, was named because bacteria are the etiologic agents and an associated inflammatory response is lacking. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic Associations. — American J. Medicine 74: 14–21. Google Scholar 2. [link.springer.com]

Abstract The Gardnerella vaginalis infection of the urogenital tract, an STD, is of clinical importance in females and of epidemiological importance in males. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Links: aetiology epidemiology pathogenesis clinical features investigation treatment of bacterial vaginosis comparison of characteristics of vaginal discharge (candida (thrush) versus bacterial vaginosis (BV) versus trichomoniasis) NICE - screening for [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. ‎ Seite 98 - US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995. [books.google.de]

Patient Education Educate patients regarding the basic pathophysiology, natural history, and risk factors of the bacterial vaginosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Genomewide analysis of gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: insights into the pathophysiology of S. epidermidis biofilms and the role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of biofilms. J. Infect. [nature.com]

Ratner, Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 10.1016/B978-0-323-35214-7.00174-8, (1737-1744.e3), (2017). Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Claudia Marchitelli, Hope K. [doi.org]

Finally, a monogamy sexual practice can prevent Bacterial vaginosis as it is more commonly associated with multiple sexual partners. This can also prevent sexually transmitted diseases. [diseasesweb.org]

The following keywords were used: bacterial vaginosis and treatment or management or therapy or prophylaxis or prevention. Results were grouped in treatment categories and were discussed. [doi.org]

External resources CDC National Prevention Information Network (NPIN) National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention P.O. [drugs.com]

Causes and Preventative Methods While curing gardnerella is of course important – preventing the condition from occurring in the first place – it is even more preferable to be able to prevent it from arising in the first place. [healthguidance.org]

Division of STD Prevention (DSTDP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/std Order Publication Online at www.cdc.gov/std/pub CDC-INFO Contact Center 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 Contact CDC-INFO CDC National Prevention [web.archive.org]