We sought to determine the frequency of gastroenteritis-like presentations and delayed or missed diagnoses among patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract: Viral gastroenteritis presents a major public health concern worldwide. It is mostly a disease of young children. However, acquired immunity may wane and symptomatic infection can also occur in adults. [doi.org]

It disrupts the mucosa, causing bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever, and fecal leukocytes are present. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

• Pain

  When a patient complains of abdominal pain, the various causes of an acute abdomen or referred pain should be considered. Upper abdominal pain could be acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or a perforated ulcer. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

  Children with significant abdominal pain. Replace deficit over first 6 hours and then give daily maintenance over the next 18 hours. [rch.org.au]

  […] coli (VTEC) including O157 Can vary, from a mild illness with little or no symptoms, to moderate or severe bloody diarrhoea, with abdominal pain (haemorrhagic colitis). [hpsc.ie]

  It is diagnosed in the biopsies taken during endoscopic examination to the patients with abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. A 40-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Malnutrition

  malnutrition Egypt 1990 to 1992 Guiraldes 1995a Rice 3 to 18 months Mixed pathogens Moderate Excluded moderate to severe malnutrition Chile Not stated Guiraldes 1995b Rice 3 to 24 months Mixed pathogens Moderate Excluded moderate to severe malnutrition [doi.org]

  Malnutrition is… salmonellosis and paratyphoid fevers) and gastroenteritis. The latter is caused primarily by S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis ; it occurs following ingestion of the bacteria on or in food, in water, or on fingers and other objects. [britannica.com]

  Fatal infections and malnutrition (both poverty-related) have reduced yet the incidence of congenital anomalies has remained similar. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  कुपोषण (Malnutrition) 4. थाइरॉइड रोग (Thyroid Disease) 5. मधुमेह (Diabetes Mellitus) 6. एंटीबायोटिक्स (Antibiotics) 7. टायफॉइड/मोतीजला (Typhoid or Enteric Fever) 8. बच्चों में ज्वर (Pyrexia) 9. मलेरिया (Malaria) J. [rhmp.org]

  Severe malnutrition can occur after gastroenteritis if prolonged gut rest or clear fluids are prescribed ( 60 ). [web.archive.org]

• Fatigue

  Cryptosporidium Drinking contaminated water Person-to-person contact Recreational water exposure People with impaired immune systems are particularly susceptible Watery diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting Usually lasts about [msdmanuals.com]

  Keywords: Failure to thrive, fatigue, genotypes, Giardia, irritable bowel syndrome, neglected diseases, post-infectious therapeutics, giardiasis, Giardia duodenalis, nitazoxanide, USEPA Method, IgG1, Cryptosporidium, immunomagnetic separation, immunofluorescence [doi.org]

  This inflammation leads to diarrhea and/or vomiting, as well as complications from these symptoms, such as abdominal pain, dehydration, and fatigue. [badgut.org]

• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

  Cytokine gene polymorphisms and sudden infant death syndrome. Acta Paediatr 2010 ;99: 384 – 8 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI 23. Leiter, JC, Bohm, I. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in the sudden infant death syndrome. [dx.doi.org]

  Byard RW, Krous HF Sudden infant death syndrome – a change in philosophy. : Byard RW, Krous HF, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Problems, progress and possibilities. London: Arnold, Hodder Headline Group, 2001:1–4 [ Google Scholar ] 19. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Vomiting

  Intravenous ondansetron and metoclopramide reduced the number of episodes of vomiting and hospital admission, and dimenhydrinate as a suppository reduced the duration of vomiting. [scielo.br]

  The vomiting center, which controls and integrates the act of vomiting, is located close to other centers which regulate respiration, vasomotor, and other autonomic functions and that may play an additional role in vomiting. [doi.org]

• Diarrhea

  Viral gastroenteritis, or viral diarrhea, is perhaps the most common type of diarrhea worldwide; rotaviruses, caliciviruses, Norwalk viruses, and adenoviruses are the most common causes. [britannica.com]

  […] on acute diarrhea in a 6 - 24 month-old hospitalized infants Turkisk J Paediatr 2006;48:115-8 [web.archive.org]

  If diarrhea is very severe or you have a weak immune system, antibiotics may be needed. You can buy medicines at the drugstore that can help stop or slow diarrhea. [nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  Other types of Vibrio Shellfish Watery diarrhea, often with little nausea or vomiting Antibiotics are given (for example, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). [msdmanuals.com]

  Symptoms include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It is sometimes referred to as the "stomach flu" or food poisoning, though it usually is neither. [medicinenet.com]

  Foods to try include: Cereals, bread, potatoes, lean meats Plain yogurt, bananas, fresh apples Vegetables If you have diarrhea and are unable to drink or keep down fluids because of nausea or vomiting, you may need fluids through a vein (IV). [nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  When a patient complains of abdominal pain, the various causes of an acute abdomen or referred pain should be considered. Upper abdominal pain could be acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or a perforated ulcer. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

  Children with significant abdominal pain. Replace deficit over first 6 hours and then give daily maintenance over the next 18 hours. [rch.org.au]

  It is diagnosed in the biopsies taken during endoscopic examination to the patients with abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. A 40-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] fever, headache, cough, constipation followed by diarrhoea, characteristic skin rash (rose spots), abdominal pain and confusion. [hpsc.ie]

• Abdominal Cramps

  Salmonella Eating contaminated food Contact with reptiles (for instance, iguanas, snakes, and turtles), birds, or amphibians (for instance, frogs and salamanders) High fever, exhaustion, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea that may or may not [msdmanuals.com]

  Abstract Abdominal cramping and pain is a frequent problem in the adult population of Western countries, with an estimated prevalence of < or =30%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Other symptoms include headache, fever, and abdominal cramps. In general, the symptoms begin 1 – 2 days following infection with a virus that causes gastroenteritis. [chp.gov.hk]

  Generally 2-4 weeks Giardia lamblia There may be no symptoms or diarrhoea, stomach cramps and flatulence and bloating. 7-10 days Days to weeks Viruses Norovirus Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhoea, fever, myalgia, and some headache. [hpsc.ie]

• Uremia

  […] the chemoreceptors to malfunction Benign intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus Metabolic disturbances (these may irritate both the stomach and the parts of the brain that coordinate vomiting):[citation needed] Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels) Uremia [en.wikipedia.org]

  The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) may receive stimuli from bacterial toxins or from metabolic abnormalities that occur with uremia, but it cannot independently mediate the act of vomiting ( Brunton 1996 ). [doi.org]

• Anuria

  Severe dehydration 7-12% weight loss Increasingly marked signs from the above group, plus: decreased peripheral perfusion, (cool, mottled, pale peripheries, capillary refill time >2 seconds), anuria, hypotension, circulatory collapse. [pch.health.wa.gov.au]

  Severe dehydration—which is an emergency—can cause extreme thirst, extreme sleepiness, sunken fontanels, and fussiness in infants; irritability/confusion in adults; and dry mucous membranes, little urine to anuria, sunken eyes, tenting, hypotension, tachycardia [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

• Headache

  […] fever, headache, cough, constipation followed by diarrhoea, characteristic skin rash (rose spots), abdominal pain and confusion. [hpsc.ie]

  Other symptoms include headache, fever, and abdominal cramps. In general, the symptoms begin 1 – 2 days following infection with a virus that causes gastroenteritis. [chp.gov.hk]

  Symptoms of gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever, and chills. Most people recover with no treatment. The most common problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. [medlineplus.gov]

  The common symptoms are: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea Stomach pain Other symptoms may include fever, headache and body aches. [moh.gov.sg]

• Confusion

  […] not urinated in 12 hours You are vomiting frequently, and it does not slow down after 4 to 6 hours There is stool or blood (red in colour or ground coffee-like) in your vomit Your general health is deteriorating (weakness, drowsiness, irritability, confusion [quebec.ca]

  […] hours 3-7 days Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi (Typhoid and Paratyphoid; Enteric Fever) Typhoid enteric fever is a severe illness with fever, headache, cough, constipation followed by diarrhoea, characteristic skin rash (rose spots), abdominal pain and confusion [hpsc.ie]

  You should also contact your provider if you or your child has these symptoms: Blood in the stool Confusion Dizziness Dry mouth Feeling faint Nausea No tears when crying No urine for 8 hours or more Sunken appearance to the eyes Sunken soft spot on an [nlm.nih.gov]

In the second group (starting from April 2014, except for specimens in which the amount of reagent was insufficient) testing for norovirus was added to the routine diagnostic workup. [analesdepediatria.org]

The initial workup of persistent travelers’ diarrhea should always include a C. difficile stool toxin assay. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

• Clostridium Perfringens

  Campylobacter spp, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella spp are most commonly implicated, but many other organisms are likely involved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Staphylococcus aureus (see also Staphylococcal Food Poisoning) Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens Eating food contaminated by toxins produced by bacteria Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Symptoms begin within 12 hours after eating contaminated [msdmanuals.com]

  Common causes of noninflammatory diarrhea are enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, rotavirus, norovirus, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Vibrio cholerae. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

  perfringens Vibrio parahaemolyticus. single cases caused by non-infectious gastrointestinal intoxicants (for example, fish or shellfish toxins; use of aluminium, copper or brass utensils to store acidic fruits or drinks; barbecued food where tanalised [health.govt.nz]

• Staphylococcus Aureus

  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38:299–300. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 26. Batts DH, Silva J, Fekety R. Staphylococcus enterocolitis. [doi.org]

  PURPOSE: Staphylococcus aureus may cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea and enterocolitis, with or without preceding antibiotic use, in immunocompromised adults or infants, or individuals with predisposing conditions, but there is little appreciation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Staphylococcus aureus (see also Staphylococcal Food Poisoning) Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens Eating food contaminated by toxins produced by bacteria Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Symptoms begin within 12 hours after eating contaminated [msdmanuals.com]

  Common causes of noninflammatory diarrhea are enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, rotavirus, norovirus, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Vibrio cholerae. [contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]

Nitazoxanide may be considered as an option for the treatment of intractable norovirus gastroenteritis in pediatric transplant patients when reduced immunosuppression is not feasible or other treatment options have failed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Assuming treatment failure rate to be an extremely conservative proxy for dysentery deaths not preventable with prompt antibiotic treatment, it can be estimated that treatment of dysentery with ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone or pivmecillinam will reduce diarrhoea [doi.org]

What Is the Prognosis for Gastritis? Most people with gastritis improve quickly once treatment has begun. [webmd.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) For most people, the illness goes away in a few days without treatment. Possible Complications Severe dehydration can occur in infants and young children. [ufhealth.org]

Studies have found that post-infectious IBS affects between 5-32% of those who experience gastroenteritis.3 However, the prognosis is good for this type of IBS, with symptoms typically gone soon after developing, without need for treatment. [badgut.org]

Prognosis For most people, gastroenteritis is not a serious illness. It typically resolves within two to three days and there are usually no long-term effects. If dehydration occurs, recovery is extended by a few days. [healthofchildren.com]

Bacteriologic and parasitologic advances made during the past century led to the discovery of the etiology of some of the diarrheal illnesses, but the etiology of the major portion remained unknown. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Understanding norovirus epidemiology is essential for reducing disease burden. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This review covers the four most common causes of adult viral gastroenteritis, Calicivirirdae (predominantly noroviruses), astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses and rotaviruses focussing on their epidemiologic, structural, pathogenic and clinical aspects [doi.org]

Contents Epidemiology in New Zealand Case definition Notification procedure Management of case Management of contacts Other control measures Epidemic control Reporting References and further information Epidemiology in New Zealand Episodes and outbreaks [health.govt.nz]

Now in full color, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine continues to define the practice of medicine-encompassing all the essential aspects - basic science, pathophysiology, clinical signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and up-to-date treatment. [web.archive.org]

Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 16. Updated by: Michael M. [nlm.nih.gov]

No classification scheme matches perfectly with the pathophysiology; a large degree of overlap exists. Some forms of gastritis involve acid-peptic and H. pylori disease (see also Overview of Acid Secretion). [merckmanuals.com]

Moreover, these probiotics and prebiotics have been related to shorter duration and severity of rotavirus diarrhea, to the prevention of infection and reduced incidence of reinfections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Exclude people with viral gastroenteritis from childcare, preschool, school and work until there has been no diarrhoea or vomiting for 24 hours. [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

In addition, current and future prevention and treatment options are discussed, including recent patents. [doi.org]

Hospitalization may be needed to correct or prevent dehydration, especially among the very young, elderly or immuno-compromised person. How can I prevent illness? Hand washing is a key step in stopping gastroenteritis. [orangecountync.gov]