It presents with raised parathormone (PTH) and Ca+ levels in serum. Its presentation in adolescence is rare. We report one such incidence of a 14 years old girl who presented with bone pains short stature, and generalized muscle wasting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] was detected to have genu valgum at the time of presentation. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

• Pain

  Our conclusion is that adolescent genu valgum may cause significant symptoms including anterior knee pain and gait problems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Medial ligamentous strain may be associated with recurrent knee pain. The patellofemoral joint may become shallow, incongruous, or unstable, causing activity-related anterior knee pain. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Pain Pain was measured by the subscale pain of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritisis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively and at the 1 year follow-up [ 15 ]. [doi.org]

  Knock knees don't usually cause any other problems, although a few severe cases may cause knee pain, a limp or difficulty walking. [nhs.uk]

• Swelling

  The left knee had no effusion but was hypersensitive to light touch over the lateral aspect where there was soft tissue swelling just below the knee. [biomedcentral.com]

  There was no history of recurrent fractures, recurrent vomiting, constipation or neck swelling. There was no past history of native treatment, the use of anti-tubercular or anti epileptic drugs, jaundice or renal problems. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

• Short Stature

  We report one such incidence of a 14 years old girl who presented with bone pains short stature, and generalized muscle wasting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In general, children with short stature, asymmetric involvement, or a tibiofemoral angle greater than 15 to 20 degrees should be evaluated radiographically. [journals.lww.com]

• Genu Valgum

  genu valgum, both sides Acquired left genu valgum Acquired right genu valgum Acquired valgus deformity of left knee Acquired valgus deformity of right knee Genu valgum, acquired Genu valgum, acquired (knock knees) Knee joint valgus deformity Valgus deformity [icd9data.com]

  Genu valgum Other names Knock knee A very severe case of genu valgum of the left knee following bone cancer treatment Specialty Medical genetics Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other [en.wikipedia.org]

• Coxa Vara

  Operative correction of coxa vara acutely moves the mechanical axis farther laterally, causing the occult genu valgum to become clinically apparent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  See Coxa vara. McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ge·nu val·gum (jē'nyū val'gŭm) A deformity marked by lateral angulation of the leg in relation to the thigh. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Initial pre-referral workup Clinical history Physiological knock knees is seen from three to five years of age; it resolves with growth by age eight Knocked knees may be familial. [rch.org.au]

Phosphorous, Alkaline Phosphatase, Calcium, Renal Workup Radiology: Full-Length Scanogram, Physeal Bar Mapping on MRI for Physeal injuries Treatment Medical Treatment plainly for Vit D Deficiency Rickets, Hypophosphataemic Rickets, Renal Osteodystrophy [narayanahealth.org]

Evaluation Gait and rotational profile analysis are important aspects in the workup of angular deformities and help providers to identify the etiology of angular deformities, especially in the pediatric population. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Comparison of Barthel index between before treatment and after treatment. [alliedacademies.org]

Treatment[edit] The treatment of genu valgum in children depends on the underlying cause. Developmental also known as idiopathic genu valgum is usually self-limiting and resolves during childhood. [en.wikipedia.org]

Treatments in both cases included corrective distal femoral osteotomy and epiphysiodesis to prevent further deformity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment for Knock-knees Most children with knock knees do not require any treatment, but if the condition persists after age 7, then a night brace attached to an orthopaedic shoe may be recommended. [jonhymanmd.com]

In cases such as dysplasia and osteochondroma, surgical treatment is case-specific. [narayanahealth.org]

Treatment and prognosis Physiologic genu valgum is a self-correcting condition not necessitating treatment. For bilateral genu valgum caused by systemic disease, the treatment of the underlying condition is paramount. [radiopaedia.org]

Outlook (Prognosis) for Knock Knees Children normally outgrow knock knees without treatment, unless it is caused by a disease. If surgery is needed, the results are most often good. [viviennebalonwu.wordpress.com]

Prognosis Provided that the appropriate criteria (ie, sufficient growth remaining, careful analysis and preoperative planning, proper plate insertion, periodic follow-up) are met, the results of guided growth are uniformly gratifying. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis Physiologic genu valgum and Cozen's phenomenon almost always correct spontaneously. Pathologic genu valgum associated with metabolic bone diseases may improve when the underlying disorder is treated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This article presents the history, clinical findings, imaging studies, results of surgical treatment, and speculation regarding the etiology of this disorder in 2 girls. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Physiologic genu valgum Lower extremity alignment in childhood progresses from varus to valgus in the first 2 years of life. [unboundmedicine.com]

Epidemiology Prevalence Physiologic genu valgum is a normal variant in children 2 to 7 years of age. It is more common in females. [unboundmedicine.com]

Epidemiology Adolescent idiopathic genu valgum may be familial or may occur sporadically. The true incidence is unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] patella, and rubbing of the knees together as the child ambulates.[2][3] Etiology Bilateral genu valgum Physiologic genu valgum Skeletal dysplasias Metabolic bone diseases Lysosomal storage diseases Unilateral genu valgum Post-traumatic Tumors Infection Epidemiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Physiologic genu valgum Lower extremity alignment in childhood progresses from varus to valgus in the first 2 years of life. [unboundmedicine.com]

Pathophysiology of obesity. Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 404-413 [5.] M. Shah, R.W. Jeffery. Is obesity due to overeating and inactivity, or to a defective metabolic rateα A review. Ann Beh Med, 13 (1991), pp. 73-81 [6.] A.C. King, D.L. Tribble. [analesdepediatria.org]

Pathophysiology With normal alignment, the physes and epiphyses are subjected to physiologic and intermittent compression and tension and, thus, are shielded from pathologic stress. [emedicine.medscape.com]

To prevent male nail dropping, a horizontal stop Kirschner pin was inserted close to the distal end of the female nail. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There is no known prevention for normal knock knees. Demay MB, Krane SM. Disorders of mineralization. In: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. 7th ed. [nlm.nih.gov]