This article presents a case of symptomatic geographic tongue with fissured tongue with a history of asthma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These lesions all present with microabscess or neutrophilic infiltration of the lower portions of the epithelium or of the underlying connective tissue papillae. None present with abscesses of the keratin or superficial layers. [web.archive.org]

Although the condition is very common in adults and older age groups, the present article describes a rare presentation of geographic tongue in a 2.5-year-old child. [jiaomr.in]

Four case studies will be presented. [dentistrytoday.com]

• Lesion of the Tongue

  The lesions typically resolve spontaneously without sequelae but can develop quickly in other areas of the tongue. A 61-year-old man was referred for treatment of painless white lesions on his tongue that had appeared 1 month earlier. [nejm.org]

  However, lesions on the tongue may indicate other more-serious conditions of the tongue or diseases affecting the body in general. If you have lesions on the tongue that don't resolve within 10 days, see your doctor or dentist. [mayoclinic.org]

  Symptoms include: Map-like appearance to the surface of the tongue Patches that move from day to day Smooth, red patches and sores (lesions) on the tongue Soreness and burning pain (in some cases) Your health care provider will diagnose this condition [nlm.nih.gov]

• Microstomia

  Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia [en.wikipedia.org]

• Microdontia

  Dilaceration Discoloration Ectopic enamel Enamel hypocalcification Enamel hypoplasia Turner's hypoplasia Enamel pearl Fluorosis Fusion Gemination Hyperdontia Hypodontia Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis Impaction Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia [en.wikipedia.org]

• Macrostomia

  Sialectasis Sialocele Sialodochitis Sialosis Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia [en.wikipedia.org]

• High Arched Palate

  Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus Oral mucosa – Lining of mouth Amalgam tattoo Angina bullosa haemorrhagica Behçet's disease Bohn's nodules [en.wikipedia.org]

• Periorbital Ecchymosis

  Atypical migratory stomatitis and munchausen syndrome presenting as periorbital ecchymosis and mandibular subluxation. stomatitis areata migrans, unlike its analogue on the tongue, migratory glossitis, is not easily recognized and is so uncommon and varied [lookfordiagnosis.com]

Histopathological Features of Oral Psoriasis Although a tissue biopsy is necessary as part of the workup process, there is no consensus regarding the microscopic features of oral psoriasis [ 7 ]. [karger.com]

• HLA-DR5

  […] with a prevalence rate between 1% and 2.5%. [2], [3] BMG usually occurs in combination with conditions such as chronic granulomatous disease, fissured tongue and psoriasis. [4], [5] Unknown causes, allergic rhinitis, asthma, human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DR5 [njgp.org]

  Associations with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DR5, HLA-DRW6, and HLA-Cw6 have also been reported. [11, 12] Etiology A definitive cause has not been elucidated, but lesions are seen with increased frequency in patients with psoriasis. [emedicine.com]

  Associations with human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DR5, HLA-DRW6, and HLA-Cw6 have also been reported. [7] BMG has also been linked to allergies. [jisppd.com]

  An increased frequency of HLA-B15 was found in patients with geographical tongue as compared to controls.[22] Furthermore, increased incidence in HLA DR5, DRW6, and decreased of HLA DR2 have been observed in these patients.[23] In our cases, genetics [ijpd.in]

• HLA-DR2

  An increased frequency of HLA-B15 was found in patients with geographical tongue as compared to controls.[22] Furthermore, increased incidence in HLA DR5, DRW6, and decreased of HLA DR2 have been observed in these patients.[23] In our cases, genetics [ijpd.in]

Treatment Key Points * Condition is benign and self-resolving, so treatment is often not required. * Treatment of associated conditions may improve the appearance of the tongue. * Oral discomfort can be treated with various medications, such as antiseptic [ozarkderm.com]

The lesion was refractory to the previous treatment with topical corticosteroid treatment for the last 2 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The treatment is aimed at reassuring the patient that the lesion is self-limiting and benign. [aihbonline.com]

Reasons for geographic tongue Psoriasis Lichen planus Vitamin B deficiency Pregnancy Treatment options Geographic tongue does not require a treatment or else cure. [locusdentalcare.com]

Standard Therapies Treatment Medical treatment is not required for this benign disorder. Some physicians advise patients to avoid irritants and substances that may sensitize the tongue. A bland or liquid diet, preferably cooled, is perhaps better. [rarediseases.org]

Outlook (Prognosis) Geographic tongue is a harmless condition. It may be uncomfortable and last for a long time. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if the symptoms last longer than 10 days. [ufhealth.org]

Prognosis: Prognosis is good, with discontinuation of the offending product. [intechopen.com]

Poor prognosis E. Radiation resistance F. Can not metastasise to the bone answer is B http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma Prognosis is excellent if the appropriate method of treatment is used in early primary basal-cell cancers. [adcprep.wordpress.com]

Prognosis Geographic tongue is a harmless condition, so it should be of little concern. [sabkadentist.com]

Prognosis Geographic tongue is a benign condition. [emedicine.com]

Benign migratory glossitis is an asymptomatic inflammatory disorder of tongue of unknown etiology. Benign migratory glossitis (BMG) is an intraoral benign condition of dorsal tongue, and is usually as- ymptomatic. [freethesaurus.com]

Although various predisposing factors have been proposed, the exact etiology remains obscure. [medcraveonline.com]

They have different etiologies and characteristics with periods of crises and remissions with spontaneous improvement. Objectives: We present a case of geographic tongue with nonspecific etiologic agent, evolving a lichenoid reaction. [thieme-connect.com]

Introduction Geographic tongue or benign migratory glossitis is defined as an inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology, characterized with a decrease in the number of papillae in the dorsum and lateral border of the tongue circumfusing with the formation [ricercaorale.it]

[…] borders Local loss of filiform papillae leads to ulcer-like lesions that rapidly change color and size Associated with common cold, work / home stress Associated with tongue fissures Terminology Also called benign migratory glossitis, glossitis migrans Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Immunologic and psychologic parameters have been associated with geographic tongue. [15] Epidemiology Frequency Geographic tongue has reportedly occurred in up to 3% of the general population in the United States. [emedicine.com]

61 Bray SC...Carek PJ 31532821 2019 6 Genetic and developmental disorders of the oral mucosa: Epidemiology; molecular mechanisms; diagnostic criteria; management. 61 Pinna R...Cagetti MG 31090139 2019 7 Association of geographic tongue and fissured tongue [malacards.org]

Genetic and environmental factors, which determine the disease epidemiology and clinical spectrum, are heterogeneous in different populations. [ijdvl.com]

Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 24. [nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology The most commonly affected site is the tongue; however, other oral mucosal soft tissue sites may be affected. [emedicine.com]

Vivek Mehta1 1Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, India 1Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Assistant Professor, Jamia Millia Islamia, India Correspondence: Vivek Mehta, Department of Pediatric and Preventive [medcraveonline.com]

Preventing Geographic Tongue As geographic tongue can occur due to a vitamin B deficiency, you need to eat more vitamin B-rich foods. This vitamin can even prevent recurrence of patches on your tongue. [top10homeremedies.com]

Prevention There is no way to prevent geographic tongue. Treatment Geographic tongue does not need to be treated. Soreness can be treated with an anesthetic or a steroid applied to the area. Sometimes an antifungal medicine may help. [sabkadentist.com]

As the cause is dark, the condition is not preventable. [aihbonline.com]