We reported two cases of metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms with bizarre pulmonary symptoms, one patient with small bowel metastasis, and two patients with brain metastasis presenting with unusual manifestations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Due to the characteristic of GTN, clinical manifestations can be varied like in the present patient who presented symptoms other than the typical symptoms of GTN, which can cause confusion in managing patients. [synapse.koreamed.org]

We present a case of a young woman who presented 30 days after evacuation of a molar pregnancy with invasive and metastatic GTN complicated by a uterine rupture and hemoperitoneum. [westjem.com]

• Foul Smelling Vaginal Discharge

  Clinical examination confirmed an abdominal uterine mass of 22 weeks’ gestation with a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. [sajhivmed.org.za]

• Adnexal Tenderness

  Her pelvic examination showed scant brown fluid in the vaginal vault with diffuse and significant uterine and adnexal tenderness to palpation. Laboratory testing demonstrated a quantitative serum HCG level of 14,552 mIU/mL. [westjem.com]

For example, the section on noninvasive hydatidiform mole recommends the tests that should be routinely performed during workup, followed by surgery with either suction, dilation and curettage – preferably under ultrasound guidance – or hysterectomy for [mdedge.com]

1859 Infectious Agents and Cancer 549 1860 Cancer of the Skin 1863 Melanoma 1889 Diagnostic Studies and Pretreatment Staging 1001 1908 Principles of Isolation Perfusion 701 1923 Intraocular Melanomas 1951 Invasion and Metastasis 117 1952 Metastatic WorkUp [books.google.com]

Diagnostic workup includes complete bloodwork, HCG and CT chest/abdomen/pelvis +/- CT or MR brain. [bccancer.bc.ca]

In borderline cases, the final diagnosis of invasion versus non-invasion is confirmed only by histopathology and hence all the evacuated moles need to undergo a complete pathological workup. [sonoworld.com]

For the evidence on work-up, search terms included: gestational trophoblastic neoplasia AND workup or chest x-ray or magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography or pelvic ultrasound or complete blood count or beta hCG or liver function tests or [guidelinecentral.com]

When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. [vicc.org]

To diagnose this condition, a patient’s Ob/Gyn might perform several tests, such as: Physical exam and medical history Pelvic exam Ultrasound Blood chemistry study Serum tumor marker test Urinalysis Treatment UT Southwestern offers the latest treatments [utswmed.org]

Histologic grading or hydatidiform moles is relevant to their prognosis and biologic behavior. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis The overall recovery rate is around 99%. The prognosis is very closely related to the rapidity of diagnosis, the risk level of the tumor (low or high) and the suitability of treatment. [orpha.net]

Prognosis and staging [ edit ] Women with a hydatidiform mole have an excellent prognosis. [en.wikipedia.org]

Etiology The etiology of gestational trophoblastic tumors is not known. [orpha.net]

Abstract Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a condition of uncertain etiology, comprised of a hydatidiform mole (complete and partial), invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumour and placental site trophoblastic tumour. [signavitae.com]

(Etiology) The causative factor for each of the Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor type is as follows: Complete hydatidiform moles are caused when a sperm cell fertilizes an abnormal egg cell that has no nucleus or chromosomes. [dovemed.com]

Yen, S. and MacMahon, B., Epidemiologic features of trophoblastic disease, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 101: 126 (1968). Google Scholar 11. Prawirohardjo, S., Martiono, K. [link.springer.com]

Palmer JR (1994) Advances in the epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 39:155–162 PubMed Google Scholar 7. [oadoi.org]

[…] patient information, click here Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia Microchapters Home Patient Information Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Differentiating Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia from other Diseases Epidemiology [wikidoc.org]

"Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole". [en.wikipedia.org]

For patient information, click here Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia Microchapters Home Patient Information Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Differentiating Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia from other Diseases [wikidoc.org]

The exact role of NALP7 in the pathophysiology of molar pregnancies is unknown yet. NALP7 could have a role either in oogenesis or in the endometrium during trophoblast invasion and decidualization. [doi.org]

There is known female gender predominance, highlighting the important roles for sex hormones in the pathophysiology and progression of this disease. [omicsonline.org]

[…] cyclophosphamide 11 Ribavirin With or Without Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients Who Develop RSV Pneumonia Following Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Completed NCT00014391 Phase 3 ribavirin 12 Itraconazole Compared With Fluconazole to Prevent [malacards.org]

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Prevention There are no preventive medicines or treatments for GTD. The only way to prevent this very rare disease is to not become pregnant. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

Secondary Prevention Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy Future or Investigational Therapies Case Studies Case #1 Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia On the Web Most recent articles Most cited articles Review articles CME Programs Powerpoint slides Images [wikidoc.org]

GTD occurs after conception, when the trophoblast cells change and form a mass in the placenta, preventing a healthy fetus from developing. [cancercenter.com]

For more information on the causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GTD, visit the following sites: Michigan Medicine Health Library American Cancer Society National Cancer Institute [mcancer.org]