The ORs compared with the baseline value (patients with no risk factor present) were 4.2 (95% CI, 1.4-16.7) for 1, 9.1 (95% CI, 2.8-37.2) for 2, and 39.3 (95% CI 9.3-188.3) for 3 or more risk factors present on admission. [jamanetwork.com]

Abstract A clinical efficacy study of amikacin in the treatment of 15 adults with nonbacteremic, gram-negative bacillary pneumonia is presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This may mean that there is no bacterial infection present or that there were not enough bacteria present in the sample to be seen with the stain under a microscope. [labtestsonline.org]

The elderly may present with mainly systemic complaints of malaise, fatigue, anorexia and myalgia. Young children may present with nonspecific symptoms or abdominal pain. [patient.info]

• Fever

  Your doctor might also suggest medication for pain and fever. Other things you can do to help yourself get better: Get lots of rest. Drink plenty of fluids (they’ll loosen up the gunk in your lungs so you can cough it out). [webmd.com]

  Essentially, all had new lung infiltrates as shown by chest radiography, leukocytosis, recent onset of fever, and increased volume of purulent secretions. Half had multilobar pulmonary infiltrates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This results in the fever, chills, and fatigue common in bacterial and fungal pneumonia. The neutrophils, bacteria, and fluid leaked from surrounding blood vessels fill the alveoli and result in impaired oxygen transportation. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Typical symptoms include rapid onset of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fever, cough (often bloody). Salmonella typhi/paratyphi These bacterium produce a spectrum of symptoms classically known as Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever). [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Chills

  This results in the fever, chills, and fatigue common in bacterial and fungal pneumonia. The neutrophils, bacteria, and fluid leaked from surrounding blood vessels fill the alveoli and result in impaired oxygen transportation. [en.wikipedia.org]

  See your doctor promptly if you Have a high fever Have shaking chills Have a cough with phlegm that doesn't improve or gets worse Develop shortness of breath with normal daily activities Have chest pain when you breathe or cough Feel suddenly worse after [icdlist.com]

  CAP - PresentationTypical CAP Atypical CAP an abrupt onset,  a progressive onset, high fever, chills,  fever without chills, productive cough,  dry cough, thoracic pain,  headache, myalgia, focal clinical signs,  diffuse crackles, lobar or [slideshare.net]

• Rigor

  Symptoms and signs include malaise, fever, chills, rigor, cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. [merckmanuals.com]

  Signs and symptoms[edit] Pneumonia Fever Rigors Cough Runny nose (either direct bacterial pneumonia or accompanied by primary viral pneumonia) Dyspnea – shortness of breath Chest pain Shaking chills[2] Pneumococcal pneumonia can cause coughing up of blood [en.wikipedia.org]

• Acutely Ill Patient

  Corticosteroid insufficiency in acutely ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 20. 348(8):727-34. [Medline]. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, Ressler J, Muzzin A, Knoblich B, et al. [medscape.com]

  Since the severity of structural lung disease is difficult to assess in acutely ill patients, comparisons with other series are difficult. A critical issue consists in the criteria for an etiological diagnosis of GNB. [jamanetwork.com]

• Cough

  Drink plenty of fluids (they’ll loosen up the gunk in your lungs so you can cough it out). Use a humidifier or take a warm bath (more gunk-loosening). Don’t smoke. Stay home until your fever goes down and you aren’t coughing anything out. [webmd.com]

  Coughing is important because nonpulmonary sources of bleeding are not usually associated with hemoptysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  See your doctor promptly if you Have a high fever Have shaking chills Have a cough with phlegm that doesn't improve or gets worse Develop shortness of breath with normal daily activities Have chest pain when you breathe or cough Feel suddenly worse after [icdlist.com]

  Signs and symptoms[edit] Pneumonia Fever Rigors Cough Runny nose (either direct bacterial pneumonia or accompanied by primary viral pneumonia) Dyspnea – shortness of breath Chest pain Shaking chills[2] Pneumococcal pneumonia can cause coughing up of blood [en.wikipedia.org]

  Cough Medications/Decongestants - may help you to be more comfortable if you are coughing a lot. [chemocare.com]

• Dyspnea

  Symptoms and signs include malaise, fever, chills, rigor, cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. [merckmanuals.com]

  Signs and symptoms[edit] Pneumonia Fever Rigors Cough Runny nose (either direct bacterial pneumonia or accompanied by primary viral pneumonia) Dyspnea – shortness of breath Chest pain Shaking chills[2] Pneumococcal pneumonia can cause coughing up of blood [en.wikipedia.org]

  These medications must be used very cautiously if you have severe dyspnea. Discuss the risks and benefits of taking this medication with your doctor or healthcare provider. [chemocare.com]

• Sputum Production

  Chronic cough with fever and weight loss complicated by hemoptysis can be seen both in tuberculosis and bronchiectasis, although the latter often has more marked sputum production. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Case 7• Male, 65, known diabetic with h/o 30 cpy presents with a 4-day history of productive cough with greenish sputum and shortness of breath. [slideshare.net]

  This form of aspergillus infection may be associated with a variety of nonspecific clinical symptoms such as cough, sputum production, and fever for >6 months. Haemoptysis has been reported in 15% of patients with semi-invasive aspergillosis 37. [erj.ersjournals.com]

  production Hib pericarditis: Fever, respiratory distress, and tachycardia Septic arthritis: Joint pain, swelling, and decreased mobility Occult bacteremia: Fever, anorexia, and lethargy Underlying medical conditions (especially with invasive Hib disease [emedicine.com]

• Painful Cough

  The symptoms of pneumonia can range from moderate to life-threatening, and include: wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest pain cough fever chills fatigue headache muscle aches nausea and vomiting sputum that’s colored or has an odor confusion [healthline.com]

  There may be headache, body aches, and joint pain. Coughing may be dry or produce only a little sputum. The person may not have any chest pain. Abdominal pain may be present. There may be other symptoms, such as feeling tired or weak. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Lower respiratory infection  Frequently viral  Bronchitis (or) asthma: cough, wheezing, dyspnea  Pneumonia: cough, fever, (chills), rapid respiration, dyspnea 3. Marc Imhotep Cray, M.D. [slideshare.net]

• Productive Cough

  Case 7• Male, 65, known diabetic with h/o 30 cpy presents with a 4-day history of productive cough with greenish sputum and shortness of breath. [slideshare.net]

  Ref. 1–2 54 (55.7) 716 (54.0) 1.0 0.7 to 1.6 3–4 1 (1.0) 18 (1.4) 0.8 0.1 to 6.0 Severe CAP, n (%) 14 (14.4) 101 (7.6) 0.02 2.0 1.1 to 3.7 Dyspnea, n (%) 75 (77.3) 900 (67.9) 0.05 1.6 1.0 to 2.6 Hypoxemia, n (%) 11 (11.3) 83 (6.3) 0.05 1.9 1.0 to 3.7 Productive [academic.oup.com]

  The material brought up from the lungs after a productive cough constitutes the material desired. [lungindia.com]

[…] specimens from the gastric antrum and corpus and to perform a histologic examination on the obtained specimens Echography plus EGD: Mandatory in patients with positive biopsy results for gastric MALTomas to allow a more precise staging of the disease See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] presence of cellulitis Joint, lung, and sinus aspiration Transtracheal aspiration Tympanocentesis Pericardiocentesis Laparoscopy and tubal cultures in women: For suspected NTHi Culdocentesis and peritoneal fluid cultures in women: For suspected NTHi See Workup [emedicine.com]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  Essentially, all had new lung infiltrates as shown by chest radiography, leukocytosis, recent onset of fever, and increased volume of purulent secretions. Half had multilobar pulmonary infiltrates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Torres A, Ewig S, Insausti J, et al. : Etiology and microbial patterns of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with orthotopic liver transplantation. Chest 2000, 117 ( 2 ):494–502. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 28. [link.springer.com]

  Despite the variability regarding the time between the onset of clinical symptoms and the development of a radiographically visible infiltrate, it is well known that in CAP the majority of pulmonary infiltrates appear within the time period of 12 h. [erj.ersjournals.com]

  Of 76 089 patients presenting to the medical emergency department of the hospital clinic during the study period, 719 had pulmonary infiltrates. We selected 559 (78%) of the 719 episodes for this analysis. [jamanetwork.com]

• Blood Culture Positive

  Of the children with CBM with both CSF and blood culture results, 24% were positive on both CSF and blood, 34% were positive only on CSF culture, and 16% were positive only on blood culture. [scielosp.org]

  Blood culture collection before initial hospital antibiotics Pre-treatment blood cultures - positive results in 5-14% of patients hospitalized with CAP 32. [slideshare.net]

  Fungus: Candida spp. mecA vanA/vanB blaKPC 1 h (after blood culture positivity, ~8–24 h) Nanosphere/Verigene® Microarray (detects 15 different Gram-positive targets and 14 different Gram-negative targets (including nine resistance mechanisms) Blood Other [intechopen.com]

• Pleural Rub

  Signs: tachypnoea, bronchial breathing, crepitations, pleural rub, dullness with percussion. [patient.info]

@inproceedings{Bassetti2015TreatmentOG, title={Treatment of Gram-negative pneumonia in the critical care setting: is the beta-lactam antibiotic backbone broken beyond repair?} [semanticscholar.org]

Key therapeutic questions are whether beta-lactams can safely replace aminoglycosides for the treatment of gram-negative pneumonia, and whether monotherapy or aminoglycoside and beta-lactam combination antibiotic treatment is superior. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The optimal duration of therapy remains unknown; several studies have supported the use of shorter courses of treatment. Alternative treatment approaches (e.g. vaccines) are under investigation. [journals.lww.com]

Overall prognosis is poor, due in part to comorbidities. [merckmanuals.com]

Community-acquired pneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa incidence, risk and prognosis. J Am Med Asso. 2002;162(16):1849-58. [msjonline.org]

We determined the incidence of, prognosis of, and risk factors for CAP due to gram-negative bacteria (GNB), including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [jamanetwork.com]

What is the prognosis for H. pylori infections? What if it is not treated? Many infections are mild and produce few, if any, symptoms. The prognosis of these infections is excellent. [medicinenet.com]

Early-onset HAP usually carries a better prognosis, and is more likely to be caused by antibiotic-sensitive bacteria. [uspharmacist.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in a population-based study: Link between etiology and patients characteristics, process-of-care, clinical evolution and outcomes. BMC Infect Dis 2012;12:134. 20. [caijournal.com]

This article reviews the epidemiologic characteristics, pathogenesis, and current management issues of GNB pneumonia. [link.springer.com]

Africa Health Sciences, 6, 151-154. [ 17 ] Morata, F., Ballot, D.E. and Perovich, O. (2005) Epidemiology of Neonatal Sspsis at Johannesburg Hospital. [scirp.org]

Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A population-based study. Eur Respir J 2000;15:757-63. 13. Laing R, Slater W, Coles C, Chambers S, Frampton C, Jackson R, et al. [caijournal.com]

This most likely reflects an incomplete understanding of the complex pathophysiologic mechanism and thus invites examination of alternative mechanisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] direct bacterial pneumonia or accompanied by primary viral pneumonia) Dyspnea – shortness of breath Chest pain Shaking chills[2] Pneumococcal pneumonia can cause coughing up of blood, or hemoptysis, characteristically associated with "rusty" sputum[3] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Guidelines for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 1997, 46 :1–79. The most current guidelines on infection control measures to prevent nosocomial pneumonia. Google Scholar 15. [link.springer.com]

Preventing pneumonia is always better than treating it. Vaccines are available to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia and the flu. Other preventive measures include washing your hands frequently and not smoking. [icdlist.com]

The currently available therapeutic interventions to prevent the disease process are of limited usefulness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention[edit] Prevention of bacterial pneumonia is by vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children), Haemophilus influenzae type B, meningococcus, Bordetella [en.wikipedia.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002 August 13, Reviewed). Frequently Asked Questions, Questions and Answers about TB. National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.org]