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Gynecomastia
Enlargement male Breast
Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in males. It can affect one or both breasts.

Images

WIKIDATA, CC BY-SA 3.0
WIKIDATA, CC BY-SA 3.0
WIKIDATA, CC BY-SA 3.0
WIKIDATA, CC BY-SA 3.0
WIKIDATA, Fair use

Presentation

Here we describe the cases of three boys who presented with prepubertal gynecomastia and were chronically exposed to lavender. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Breast

  • Breast Mass

    Craniocaudal view of left breast shows irregular mass in retroareolar left breast. [doi.org]

    Breast enlargement in prepubertal boys is a rare condition. This case report describes an otherwise healthy 3-year old non-obese boy who developed a large unilateral cystic breast mass measuring approximately 9 × 6 × 4 cm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Left breast mass in a 74 year old man Images hosted on other servers : Gynecomastia [pathologyoutlines.com]

  • Large Breast

    Candidates for male breast reduction surgery would be any man with large breasts. If you experience social embarrassment and this negatively impacts your life then gynecomastia treatment is the answer. [gynecomastia-specialist.com]

    Gynecomastia is a condition that causes men to have large breast tissue. It can cause tenderness or pain in a man’s breasts. Hormone changes usually cause this condition, which can happen during infancy, adolescence, or old age. [healthcare.utah.edu]

    While this condition is not talked about very much, there are many men who suffer from abnormally large breasts. This condition can be troubling or embarrassing, often causing sufferers to avoid being seen in bathing suits or tight fighting shirts. [zewertmd.com]

    Convert to ICD-10-CM : 611.1 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM N62 Hypertrophy of breast Approximate Synonyms Atypical lobular hyperplasia of left breast Atypical lobular hyperplasia of right breast Breast hypertrophy Gynecomastia Large breast Macromastia [icd9data.com]

    Some men who have large breasts as a result of obesity or gynecomastia may choose to wear a brassiere to provide support for their breasts and to flatten their appearance. [en.wikipedia.org]

Workup

Preoperative workup is important to rule out specific diseases or malignancy causing the GM. © 2015 S. [karger.com]

The workup of GM should be carried out by a specialist. Table 3. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Gynecomastia arising before the onset of puberty requires a vigorous diagnostic workup because of the possibility of life threatening or life-shortening pathology. [drmosser.com]

Because of its prevalence and presentation, the diagnosis of gynecomastia requires a comprehensive workup. A list of many common nondrug causes of gynecomastia can be found in Table 1. [uspharmacist.com]

Treatment

Therefore, pharmacological and surgical treatment should be avoided. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis

Although PASH tends to grow over time, most lesions are cured by surgical excision and the prognosis is excellent. We report an unusual case of bilateral axillary tumoral PASH in a 44-year-old man. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Germ cell tumors account for 95% of all testicular cancers, and gynecomastia occurs in 2.5–6% of cases.6 This is associated with HCG production by foci of choriocarcinoma or trophoblastic cells in the tumor, and is considered a sign of poor prognosis.7 [elsevier.es]

[…] and stromal changes are necessary for the diagnosis Radiology description There are two mammographic patterns associated with gynecomastia: Dendritic configuration (retroareolar with radial extensions) Triangular configuration (recent onset disease) Prognosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Etiology

The etiology of GM is attributable to physiological factors, endocrine tumors or dysfunctions, non-endocrine diseases, drug use or idiopathic causes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Broadly, the main etiologies are medications, adrenal tumors, liver and kidney failure. [doi.org]

Epidemiology

Because of this unusual occurrence of gynecomastia, CDC was asked on November 30, to assist in an epidemiologic investigation. [cdc.gov]

A rare malignancy, male breast cancer, has in epidemiological studies been associated with prior history of gynecomastia [8–12]. [bmccancer.biomedcentral.com]

[…] palpable mass that can be tender in the initial stages Nipple and areola are enlarged in a minority of patients Essential features Epithelial hyperplasia and stromal edema or fibrous tissue with atrophic glands, depending on the type of gynecomastia Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

This drug can induce gynecomastia after one month only of treatment, with a dose-dependent incidence. 3 Among the H2 histamine receptor blockers, cimetidine seems to be the active principle that most frequently can cause gynecomastia: a retrospective epidemiological [pharmaco-vigilance.eu]

Pathophysiology

Author information 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy. [email protected] 2 Department of Experimental [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiology of gynecomastia is also discussed in detail for each of the drugs found to have a good or fair evidence of association with gynecomastia. [doi.org]

Prevention

Breast pain 58% vs. 7% vs. 30% Toxicity: No difference in QoL between TAM and RT Conclusion: Gynecomastia and breast pain induced by bicalutamide after RP can be prevented. [en.wikibooks.org]

Steroid Gynecomastia Prevention For decades many athletes who use anabolic steroids have supplemented with the SERM Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) to combat such issues. [steroid.com]

Can gynecomastia be prevented or avoided? Most cases of gynecomastia cannot be prevented. They are caused by natural changes in hormone levels. Adults can help prevent gynecomastia by avoiding certain medicines, drugs, and lifestyle factors. [familydoctor.org]

Can it be prevented? Because gynecomastia occurs naturally in the body during puberty, no known method can prevent it. A healthy lifestyle with diet and exercise may affect the development of the breast. [childrenshospital.org]

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