Individuals with habitual abortion presented with an abnormal expression of IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA in endometrium, during the mid-secretory phase. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If you are looking for ASRM Scientific Congress Presenter Guidelines, please go to the Congress Website Presenter Resources [asrm.org]

Occasionally, the woman may present with severe shock. [clinicalgate.com]

• Infertility

  The study supports the hypothesis that infertility, recurrent miscarriage and pre-eclampsia share elements of the same aetiological factors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  N97.0 Female infertility associated with anovulation N97.1 Female infertility of tubal origin N97.2 Female infertility of uterine origin N97.8 Female infertility of other origin N97.9 Female infertility, unspecified N98 Complications associated with [icd10data.com]

• Weakness

  The muscle weakness can cause the cervix to open too early during pregnancy, leading to a miscarriage. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition where the ovaries are larger than normal. [nhs.uk]

  Cervical conditions Edit In the second trimester a weak cervix can become a recurrent problem. Such cervical incompetence leads to premature pregnancy loss resulting in miscarriages or preterm deliveries. [psychology.wikia.com]

  In the second trimester a weak cervix can become a recurrent problem. Such cervical incompetence leads to premature pregnancy loss resulting in miscarriages or preterm deliveries. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Possible warning signs include: severe stomach pain black or tarry stool stool with bright red blood vomit with bright red blood vomit that looks like coffee grounds feeling weak or short of breath feeling dizzy or faint chills or fever Testing and treatment [medicalnewstoday.com]

  For the cervix to be incompetent the internal os (top end of the cervix) must be weak. It is possible for the cervix to be weak from the outset particularly in association with congenital uterine abnormality. [2womenshealth.com]

• Vomiting

  Kids who have peptic ulcer disease can have ulcers that bleed, causing hematemesis (bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds) or melena (stool that's black, bloody, or looks like tar). [kidshealth.org]

  Possible warning signs include: severe stomach pain black or tarry stool stool with bright red blood vomit with bright red blood vomit that looks like coffee grounds feeling weak or short of breath feeling dizzy or faint chills or fever Testing and treatment [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Seek immediate medical help if you experience: Severe or persistent abdominal pain Difficulty swallowing Bloody or black tarry stools Bloody or black vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds Causes The exact way H. pylori infects someone is still [mayoclinic.org]

  Risk factors of Habitual Abortion Hyperhomocysteinemia Obesity Complications of Habitual Abortion Bleeding Excessive vomiting Abortions Ectopic pregnancy Molar pregnancy Diagnosis of Habitual Abortion Diagnosis of spontaneous abortion is based on : Expulsion [hakimdilshad.com]

• Nausea

  Symptoms of an infection Share on Pinterest Symptoms of an H.pylori infection may include stomach pain and swelling, nausea, and dizziness. Many people with H. pylori don’t have any signs or symptoms. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  In humans, Astrovirus causes gastroenteritis, characterised by diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain. Infection is common, usually not severe and often asymptomatic. [mybiosource.com]

  Although many infected individuals have no symptoms, other infected individuals may have occasional episodes of belching, bloating, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. [medicinenet.com]

  Continued Other signs of an ulcer include: Bloating Burping Not feeling hungry Nausea Vomiting Weight loss for no clear reason Ulcers can bleed into your stomach or intestines, which can be dangerous to your health. [webmd.com]

  In kids, symptoms of gastritis may include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, although these symptoms are seen in many childhood illnesses. [kidshealth.org]

• Heart Disease

  ’, ‘Coronary Artery Disease’, ‘Myocardial Infarction’, ‘Heart Attack’, ‘Coronary Heart Disease’, ‘Ischemic Heart Disease’, ‘Ischaemic Heart Disease’, ‘Stroke’, ‘Transient Ischemic Attack’, ‘Transient Ischaemic Attack’, ‘Vascular Accident’ and ‘Apoplexy [doi.org]

  Recent meta-analyses have disproven an association between hyper-homocysteinemia and risk for coronary heart disease and between MTHFR polymorphism status and risk for venous thrombo-embolism. [aetna.com]

• Osteoporosis

  Heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy. Lupus. 1997. 6(6):500-4. [Medline]. Ober C, Karrison T, Odem RR, et al. Mononuclear-cell immunisation in prevention of recurrent miscarriages: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Jul 31. 354(9176):365-9. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Cervical Incompetence

  The results of this study suggest that (1) functional cervical incompetence may play a major role in HA; (2) a widened uterine isthmus at HSG and first trimester cervical effacement are clinical signs that may define this group of HA; (3) early recognition [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cervical incompetence  2 options in the next pregnancy  Cervical surveillance  Start at 14-16 weeks  Every 2 weeks as long as cervical length >30mm  Increase frequency to weekly if 25-29mm  If 34. [slideshare.net]

  Uterine malformations (arcuate, subseptate uterus), synechiae after Curettages, isthmo-cervical incompetence, intramural or submucosal fibroids. - Immunological causes. [2med-pdf.com]

  Cervical incompetence may be a consideration, although one then gets into the perpetual question of whether the cervix became "incompetent" because of the impending abortion (due to other causes) or as a result of previous damage, or because of lowering [equine-reproduction.com]

The authors also conclude, "that hysteroscopy should be a part of the diagnostic workup of infertile women complaining of unexplained recurrent miscarriage." [en.wikipedia.org]

It is of utmost importance that the laboratory has its interest invested in infertility workups. [fertilitysolution.com]

Most patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage do not benefit from an extensive infection workup. For related information, see the following Medscape Reference articles. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Karyotype Abnormal

  Individuals in whom a karyotypic (a chromosomal or genetic) abnormality is found are often referred for genetic counseling. [obgyn.ucla.edu]

  They all had three or more consecutive HA before 12 weeks, unexplained by uterine malformation, hormonal and infection causes or karyotype abnormalities of one or both partners. [academic.oup.com]

  Parental Karyotype Abnormality -- Couples with karyotypic abnormalities may choose to undergo prenatal genetic studies, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, to determine the fetal karyotype. [aetna.com]

  Most common abnormality is aneuploidy, with autosomal trisomy accounting for more than 50% of chromosomally abnormal abortuses. [8] A strong family history of recurrent miscarriage or genetic anomaly suggests a parental karyotypic abnormality, and a chromosomal [doi.org]

• Hyperprolactinemia

  inadequately controlled diabetes mellitus, hyperprolactinemia. - If TSH levels in the upper norm are found, indicating latent hypothyreose with normal levels of peripheral thyroid hormones, increased risk of miscarriage is expected. [2med-pdf.com]

  It has been reported that hyperprolactinemia may occur in a transient manner, around the preovulatory phase. [ijabmr.org]

  Hyperprolactinemia may be associated with recurrent pregnancy loss through alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, resulting in impaired folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation, and/or a short luteal phase. [doi.org]

• Chlamydia

  Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma were found in 36 (25.3%) patients and Chlamydia in 18 patients (12.7%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Detection of Chlamydia trachomatic antigen & toxoplasma gondii (IgM) & Mycoplasma hominis (IgG) antibodies by ELISA in women with bad obstertric history. Indian Journal Med Res. 1994;100:19-22. [jri.ir]

  […] pressure lupus kidney disease an overactive thyroid gland an underactive thyroid gland antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) Infections The following infections may also increase your risk: rubella (german measles) cytomegalovirus bacterial vaginosis HIV chlamydia [nhs.uk]

  […] and anaerobic bacteria and Chlamydia, 8, and no isolates, 16. [fertilitysolution.com]

Antibiotic treatment seems to be associated with an improved reproductive outcome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Like treatment timing and duration, there was great heterogeneity in the mode of treatment administration. The majority of trials administered intervention intravenously, although some also administered treatment intramuscularly and subcutaneously. [doi.org]

One study found that in many women with chronic endometritis, "fertility was restored after appropriate antibiotic treatment."There are currently no treatments for women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. [en.wikipedia.org]

Management – Unexplained RM  Good prognosis for future pregnancy outcome  75% chance of a eventual live birth in subsequent pregnancy  However, prognosis worsens with:  Increasing maternal age  Number of previous miscarriages  Maternal age and number [slideshare.net]

In all patients, genetic variants associated with low plasma mannose binding lectin or thrombophilia affect the prognosis negatively. [forskning.ku.dk]

What is the prognosis for H. pylori infections? What if it is not treated? Many infections are mild and produce few, if any, symptoms. The prognosis of these infections is excellent. [medicinenet.com]

* Disease is ‘‘any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body as manifested by characteristic symptoms and signs; the etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.’’ [web.archive.org]

Prognosis The prognosis is usually excellent, even in patients with complications, such as gastric MALToma. However, the prognosis becomes poor for patients who develop squamous cell esophageal cancer or gastric carcinoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

If patients are evaluated with an etiology in mind, a comprehensive study and management can be planned that will save time and expense. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Astroviruses were second only to rotaviruses as etiologic agents of nosocomial diarrhea, accounting for ∼12% of cases and nearly half as many cases as rotavirus. [academic.oup.com]

Epidemiological, immunogenetic and immunological studies support the hypothesis that aberrant maternal H-Y immune responses have a pathogenic role in SRM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Werler, Induced Abortions and the Risk of Preeclampsia Among Nulliparous Women, American Journal of Epidemiology, 182, 8, (663), (2015). [doi.org]

Regarding epidemiology it should be noted that the incidence of clinical abortion in the general population is 12-15%. [creafampuebla.com]

What This Study Adds: We present the most comprehensive description of astrovirus epidemiology in young children to date. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Epidemiology varies depending on the age of the mother. A mother under age 30, has only 25% chances to have another abortion. On the other hand, being older than 40 increases the rate up to 50-60%. [invitra.com]

H. (2011) Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: an update on pathophysiology and management. Semin Reprod Med, 29, 522–539. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1293206. Schist, D. J., & Hill, J. A. (2002) Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. [zmj.zsmu.edu.ua]

If the vascular hypothesis for the pathophysiology of miscarriage is accepted ( Hustin and Jauniaux 1997 ), bed rest may improve pressure variation and flow changes, and therefore improve the outcome. [clinicalgate.com]

Implications for research Effective treatment of an alleged alloimmune cause of recurrent miscarriage awaits more complete knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology. [doi.org]

Pathophysiology The most common route of H pylori infection is either oral-to-oral (stomach contents are transmitted from mouth to mouth) or fecal-to-oral (from stool to mouth) contact. [2] Parents and siblings seem to play a primary role in transmission [emedicine.medscape.com]

01) A randomized study of thromboprophylaxis in women with unexplained consecutive recurrent abortions. (2006-02) Anticoagulants for the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss in women without antiphospholipid syndrome. (2005-01) Recurrent abortion: pathophysiology [2womenshealth.com]

How else can a woman try to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss? Q. What is a miscarriage? A. A miscarriage is a pregnancy loss before five months gestation. Back to Top Q. How common is miscarriage? A. [web.archive.org]

With this information about the likely cause of repeat miscarriage, researchers hope to develop new preventative treatments for pregnancy loss. [medicaldaily.com]

Abstract In order to investigate the possible role of suppressor cells in paternal leukocyte immunization to prevent recurrent miscarriages, peripheral blood lymphocytes from habitually aborting women before and after immunization were assessed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

& control, therapy) Abortion, Spontaneous (classification, diagnosis, pathology, prevention & control, therapy) Adult Chromosome Aberrations Female Luteinizing Hormone (metabolism) Pregnancy Complications, Infectious (immunology, prevention & control [medvik.cz]

However, there is currently no drug that has evidence of preventing recurrent pregnancy loss by boosting maternal immune tolerance; aspirin has no effect in this case. [diki.pl]