Presentation
As such, the aim of the present study was to investigate symptoms, signs and risk factors associated with halitosis in healthy children and to present a model based on the clinical data that predicts the presence of halitosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Splenectomy
Subphrenic abscess is a recognised complication of splenectomy, but fistulation into the stomach is extremely rare. This report describes a delayed complication of splenectomy presenting as offensive and socially disabling halitosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Jaw & Teeth
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Hairy Tongue
The abuse of tetracycline resulted in a black hairy tongue and halitosis in this patient. Periodontal therapy and the withdrawal of tetracycline corrected these problems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Skin
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Photosensitivity
In photodynamic therapy, the antimicrobial effect is confined to areas covered by photosensitizing dye. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
YP Krespi, M Slatkine, M Marchenko and J Protic, Lethal photosensitization of oral pathogens via red‐filtered halogen lamp, Oral Diseases, 11, (92-95), (2005). [doi.org]
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Keratosis
[…] halitosis defined for English-language learners » Origin of HALITOSIS New Latin, from Latin halitus breath, from halare to breathe — more at exhale First Known Use: 1874 Rhymes with HALITOSIS brucellosis, cyanosis, dermatosis, diagnosis, heterosis, keratosis [web.archive.org]
Psychiatrical
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Olfactory Hallucination
Neurogenic forms mainly consist of chemosensory dysfunctions (dysguisa, dysosmia) and self-halitosis (retronasal olfaction, bloodborne olfactory receptor responses, phantosmia); whereas psychogenic forms are olfactory hallucinations, halitophobia, olfactory [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
[…] specimens from the gastric antrum and corpus and to perform a histologic examination on the obtained specimens Echography plus EGD: Mandatory in patients with positive biopsy results for gastric MALTomas to allow a more precise staging of the disease See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]
Microbiology
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Capnocytophaga Ochracea
Selenomonas noxia, and Capnocytophaga ochracea. We suggest that these OTUs are candidate halitosis-associated pathogens. Functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt, and nine level-3 KEGG Orthology groups were significantly different. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Haemophilus Parainfluenzae
In the control group, Aggregatibacter (OTU id 4363066), Haemophilus, Haemophilus parainfluenza (H. parainfluenza), Moryella, Oribacterium, Prevotella, several Streptococcus, Rothia dentocariosa (R. dentocariosa) and OTU from Gemellaceae were significantly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Management may include periodontal or restorative treatment or both, as well as simple treatment measures such as instruction in oral hygiene, tongue cleaning and mouth rinsing. [web.archive.org]
A treatment with Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)-containing lozenges, compared with placebo was tested. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
What Is the Prognosis for Bad Breath? The prognosis for bad breath is generally good as bad breath is usually more of a nuisance rather than a serious medical condition. [emedicinehealth.com]
What is the prognosis for people with halitosis? Most of the time, bad breath can be cured and prevented with proper oral hygiene. It is rarely life-threatening, and the prognosis is good. [medicinenet.com]
Prognosis If caries is not treated, it likely will cause the tooth to decay significantly. Eventually, uncontrolled decay may destroy the tooth. Having caries increases your risk of more caries for several reasons: Caries is caused by bacteria. [colgate.com]
[…] synthesis • hypothesis, prothesis • crisis, Isis •proboscis • synopsis • apotheosis, chlorosis, cirrhosis, diagnosis, halitosis, hypnosis, kenosis, meiosis, metempsychosis, misdiagnosis, mononucleosis, myxomatosis, necrosis, neurosis, osmosis, osteoporosis, prognosis [encyclopedia.com]
Etiology
Keywords: Diagnosis, etiology, halitosis, management How to cite this article: Kapoor U, Sharma G, Juneja M, Nagpal A. Halitosis: Current concepts on etiology, diagnosis and management. [doi.org]
Halitosis secondary to pathology of the palatine tonsils is considered airway (type 2) halitosis in the etiologic classification. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
AIM: No epidemiological data on halitosis are available from Italy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Information regarding the prevalence of bad breath in Hong Kong is scarce since there is no epidemiological study that addresses this issue. [chp.gov.hk]
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing and Walter Loesche, Halitosis: an overview of epidemiology, etiology and clinical management, Brazilian Oral Research, 25, 5, (466), (2011). [doi.org]
Although precise epidemiological data are missing, some studies have suggested that bad breath may rank only behind dental cavities and gum disease as the most frequent reasons for visits to the dentist. [livescience.com]
Pathophysiology
The exact pathophysiological mechanism of halitosis is not clear, and in many patients the etiology is an enigma. We followed three couples in which one member or both had halitosis. All the subjects had evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The pathophysiology of this mechanism is unclear, and the relative importance of this alongside other causes of extraoral halitosis is debated. [doi.org]
Pathophysiology Halitosis most often results from fermentation of food particles by anaerobic gram-negative bacteria in the mouth, producing volatile sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan. [merckmanuals.com]
Prevention
Can it be prevented? Halitosis can be prevented with good oral hygiene: Thoroughly brush your teeth and gums twice a day Floss daily Clean your tongue regularly. [topdoctors.co.uk]
It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
How to prevent bad breath The most efficient way to prevent bad breath is to maintain a good daily oral hygiene routine. Brush your teeth with a gentle toothbrush with fluoride toothpaste twice a day. [tepe.com]
Preventing bad breath The best way to prevent bad breath is to have a good plaque removal regime. Ensuring you brush and clean in-between your teeth at least twice a day and visiting the dentist regularly will help. [diabetes.co.uk]
How can I prevent it? 1. Good daily oral hygiene and dental care can prevent most cases of bad breath: Brush teeth with fluoride toothpaste in the morning and at night or after eating, along with appropriate interdental cleaning. [chp.gov.hk]