(hallux varus), a useful diagnostic sign when present Small great toenail Fifth-finger clinodactyly, secondary to a shortened middle phalanx Short feet Altered dermatoglyphics of the hands; when present, primarily involving distal placement of the axial [en.wikipedia.org]

Considering the molecular data, the phenotype in the present patient was defined as the severe end of hand-foot-genital and Guttmacher syndrome spectrum. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Swelling

  The first and most important step is to notify your doctor right away if you notice any numbness, tingling, redness, peeling, swelling, or pain. [oncolink.org]

  A recently devised grading follows.* Grade 1 No symptoms or only slight dysaesthesia, with mild redness Grade 2 Dysaesthesia but no pain, severe redness and/or swelling Grade 3 Dysaesthesia with pain, severe redness and/or swelling Grade 4 Pain and impaired [dermnetnz.org]

  Symptoms of hand-foot syndrome include: numbness tingling, burning, or itching sensation redness (resembling a sunburn) swelling discomfort tenderness rash In severe cases of hand-foot syndrome you may have: cracked, flaking, or peeling skin blisters, [breastcancer.org]

• High Fever

  Early symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease Early symptoms of the condition include (1-8): Fever – High fever as high as 40º C (104º F) may be seen in most children. [news-medical.net]

  Atypical HFMD due to coxsackievirus A6 often causes high fever with papulovesicular lesions progressing to vesicobullous lesions and bullae that are widely distributed on the body. The disease is most common among young children. [merckmanuals.com]

• Short Stature

  Aarskog syndrome is basically a skeletal dysplasia and affected males develop characteristic malformations of the skeletal system including disproportionate short stature; broad, short hands and feet; short, stubby fingers (brachydactyly) with permanent [rarediseases.org]

  Some forms also result in short stature. In isolated brachydactyly, subtle changes may be present elsewhere. Brachydactyly can be accompanied by other hand malformations, such as syndactyly, polydactyly, reduction defects, or symphalangism. [blueprintgenetics.com]

• Fatigue

  […] involve decreased calcium conductance E. coli strain that does not ferment sorbitol or produce glucuronidase O157:H7 Shiga-like toxin producing e. coli this toxin inactivates the 60S ribosomal subunit = cell death HUS no invasion patient with chronic fatigue [quizlet.com]

• Sore Throat

  The symptoms begin with fever and a sore throat. In two or three days spots appear in the mouth and later on the palms of hands or soles of feet. The sores are smaller than chickenpox sores. [news-medical.net]

  Blisters may form on hands, feet or in the mouth with mild fever or sore throat causing the patient to feel uncomfortable for about five days. [saludmovil.com]

  These include fever, reduced appetite, sore throat, and a general sense of feeling ill (malaise). One to two days later, the characteristic painful mouth sores develop. [medicinenet.com]

  It usually starts with a fever reduced appetite sore throat a feeling of being unwell (malaise) One or two days after the fever starts, painful sores can develop in the mouth (herpangina). [cdc.gov]

  Children have a sore throat or mouth pain and may refuse to eat. Fever is common. [merckmanuals.com]

• Pharyngitis

  Other conditions like Kawasaki disease, viral pharyngitis, drug side effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). [news-medical.net]

  Viral pharyngitis. Oral forms of lichen planus. Gingivitis. Investigations [ 1, 2 ] Diagnosis is usually clinical. The virus can be isolated from throat, vesicle or rectal swabs (placed in viral transport medium) or from faecal culture. [patient.info]

• Dysphagia

  […] leads to increased risk of _______ B-Cell lymphoma = unilateral swelling childhood malignant soft tissue tumor of the head/neck lump in the throat worsens with emotional states no abnormalities with barium swallowing associated with multiple sclerosis dysphagia [quizlet.com]

• Blister

  The skin blisters of HFMD are infectious until they become crusty and there is no fluid in the blisters. The virus may also be shed in the faeces (poo) for several weeks after the blisters resolve. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  Keep your child home from childcare or school until blisters have dried. If blisters are able to be covered and the child is feeling well, they will not need to be excluded. Frequent hand washing helps decrease the chance of becoming infected. [health.govt.nz]

  The rashes begin as red spots and rapidly progress to grey blisters with a red and raw base. Trunk and thighs may also be affected. The rash lasts about 3 to 6 days. The fluids in the blister is usually infective. [news-medical.net]

  Scratching at blisters or rashes can lead to a secondary infection. If blisters develop in the throat, there may be a risk of dehydration. In severe cases, cardiorespiratory failure can occur. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Erythema

  It has many other names including: Palmar - plantar ( palmoplantar ) dysaesthesia Acral erythema Burgdorf syndrome Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema Palmar plantar erythema Palmar plantar erythrodysaesthesia Plantar palmar erythroderma Toxic erythema [dermnetnz.org]

  It may also be referred to as acral erythema, palmar plantar erythema (PPE), or Burgdorf reaction. [oncolink.org]

  Erythema multiforme ( Stevens-Johnson syndrome ). Viral pharyngitis. Oral forms of lichen planus. Gingivitis. Investigations [ 1, 2 ] Diagnosis is usually clinical. [patient.info]

• Eczema

  Atypical HFMD has 4 distinct presentations: Widespread vesiculobullous lesions Eczema coxsackium with lesions concentrated in areas of eczematous skin Gianotti-Crosti type rash (multiple discrete, erythematous flat-topped papules symmetrically distributed [merckmanuals.com]

• Vesicular Rash

  An adult who was never exposed to the viruses that cause HFMD as a child could develop the characteristic symptoms and physical signs (vesicular rash with the characteristic distribution) if infected by the virus. [medicinenet.com]

• Arthritis

  Wilder RL, Hunder GG: The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. ‏ [books.google.com]

  Hand problems include Carpal tunnel syndrome - compression of a nerve as it goes through the wrist, often making your fingers feel numb Injuries that result in fractures, ruptured ligaments and dislocations Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis, which [medlineplus.gov]

• Tendon Disorder

  Disorders and injuries of your fingers and thumb [medlineplus.gov]

• Meningism

  Aseptic meningitis may complicate atypical HFMD, but most patients recover uneventfully. Infection with EV-71 may be accompanied by severe neurologic manifestations (eg, meningitis, encephalitis, polio-like paralysis). [merckmanuals.com]

  Complications include the following: "Aseptic" (also called "viral") meningitis (rare): Symptoms of meningitis are moderate-severe headache, discomfort when bending the head forward (classically tested by trying to touch the chin to the chest), and nausea [medicinenet.com]

  Neurological involvement and meningitis are more likely if EV71 is the causative organism. [ 7 ] Neurological involvement can include aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, neurogenic pulmonary oedema and acute flaccid paralysis. [patient.info]

• Headache

  Headache – Small children often experience headache due to HFMD As will most viral illnesses children with HFMD experience loss of appetite. There is a sore throat. The throat is often painful. [news-medical.net]

  If a child with HFMD complains of severe headache, if fever persists, of if there are any worrying symptoms, consult your local doctor immediately. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  These are followed by a range of symptoms, including: a rash on the hands and soles of the feet, with flat, painful, red blisters, occurring 1 to 2 days after the fever loss of appetite headache throat, mouth, and tongue ulcers Some people will have no [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Seizure

  Complications of hand, foot and mouth disease Complications of HFMD include (5): High fever in children leading to dehydration High fever may lead to febrile seizures or convulsions in very young children Infections of the lesions by bacteria or superimposed [news-medical.net]

  Very rarely, the virus can affect the lining of the brain or spinal cord, leading to more severe symptoms such as seizures, confusion, unsteadiness, and weakness. Diagnosis of HFMD Diagnosis is usually made by your local doctor based on symptoms. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

• Convulsions

  Complications of hand, foot and mouth disease Complications of HFMD include (5): High fever in children leading to dehydration High fever may lead to febrile seizures or convulsions in very young children Infections of the lesions by bacteria or superimposed [news-medical.net]

• Febrile Seizures

  Complications of hand, foot and mouth disease Complications of HFMD include (5): High fever in children leading to dehydration High fever may lead to febrile seizures or convulsions in very young children Infections of the lesions by bacteria or superimposed [news-medical.net]

[…] convalescent antibody levels) may be obtained Differentiating coxsackievirus-associated HFMD from EV-71–associated HFMD may have prognostic significance PCR and microarray technology are among the various ways of identifying the causative virus [3] See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

Make the best clinical decisions with an enhanced emphasis on evidence-based practice and expert opinions on treatment strategies. Zero in on the most relevant and useful references with the aid of a more focused, concise bibliography. [books.google.com]

The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care by a qualified specialist and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment. [orpha.net]

Treatment for HFMD HFMD is a mild illness that resolves within a few days. There is no specific treatment and usually none is required. Use paracetamol (not aspirin) as directed for fever and any discomfort. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

Prognosis - Hand foot uterus syndrome Since HFU results in a variety of physical signs and symptoms, the prognosis for each affected individual varies. Most people with mild or moderate hand, genital, or foot abnormalities lead normal lives. [checkorphan.org]

What is the prognosis of hand, foot, and mouth disease? The prognosis for routine HFMD is excellent. A patient's symptoms are bothersome but not debilitating. [medicinenet.com]

Prognosis [ 1 ] This is generally excellent with a full recovery in the vast majority people. Symptoms tend to improve within 3-6 days, usually with full resolution of skin and mouth lesions within 7-10 days. [patient.info]

[…] extremeties (feet or hand) enchondroma benign feet/hand elevation of the periostiom of metaphysis of long bones near the knee in someone with Paget's, bone infarcts, radiation or familial retinoblastoma osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) malignant - poor prognosis [quizlet.com]

Most cases affect children younger than 10 years old. 3 Etiology and Pathophysiology HFMD is most commonly caused by members of the enterovirus genus, especially coxsackie viruses. [mhmedical.com]

Management There is no antiviral agent specific for the etiologic agents of HFMD. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] interstitial and granulonodulo alveolar pattern 324 Interstitialreticular pulmonary pattern 326 Disseminated interstitial pneumonitis 327 The miliary pattern of pneumonia 328 Short linear andor wedgeshaped densities 329 Pulmonary edema in infancy and childhood Etiology [books.google.com]

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection in the Western Pacific Region. Pediatr Int. 2004 Apr. 46(2):231-5. [Medline]. Singh S, Poh CL, Chow VT. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology [ 1, 2 ] HFMD occurs worldwide, with a peak incidence in the summer and autumn in temperate climates. It is most common among infants and children aged younger than 10 years but can occur at any age. [patient.info]

Most cases affect children younger than 10 years old. 3 Etiology and Pathophysiology HFMD is most commonly caused by members of the enterovirus genus, especially coxsackie viruses. [mhmedical.com]

Pathophysiology Infection generally occurs via the fecal-oral route or via contact with skin lesions and oral secretions. Viremia develops, followed by invasion of the skin and mucous membranes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The alanine tract elongation may prevent protein-protein interactions of the mutant HOXA13, thereby inducing a localized heterochrony in the sequence of distal limb and genitourinary development. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention of HFMD Good personal hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of HFMD to others, both for those infected and their carers. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

Many of the suggested prevention strategies or treatments for HFS are based on this theory. How can I prevent HFS? Unfortunately, there is nothing that is guaranteed to prevent HFS. [oncolink.org]

Treatment and Prevention There is no known therapy or preventive measures that doctors know of at the present time. [feetfirstinc.com]