The present study highlighted the technical feasibility to produce polymeric bioresorbable functional heart valves by means of electrospinning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Plethora

  Further study in this area should concentrate on the impact of valve type on left ventricular recovery post-implantation to provide additional information to the surgeon when selecting a valve from the plethora of choices available. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Intermittent Claudication

  Reid et al [11] reported decreased deformability of red cells in patients with intermittent claudication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Heart Disease

  BACKGROUND: In this study, we present a single center experience with Bicarbon bileaflet valve in 307 patients with rheumatic heart disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The treatment of valvular heart disease has improved remarkably in the past 40 years. Many factors have contributed; not least being the introduction of artificial heart valves for treatment, more than 25 years ago. [books.google.com]

  Stenosis - when the valve doesn't open enough and blocks blood flow Valve problems can be present at birth or caused by infections, heart attacks, or heart disease or damage. [icdlist.com]

• Heart Murmur

  The main sign of heart valve disease is an unusual heartbeat sound called a heart murmur. Your doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope. But many people have heart murmurs without having a problem. [icdlist.com]

  Symptoms The main symptom of heart valve disease is a heart murmur. Yet some people may have heart murmurs without having heart valve disease. [verywell.com]

• Diastolic Murmur

  On auscultation, valve clicks may be diminished or absent with additional systolic or diastolic murmurs. Detection of the “double click” may be useful for early diagnosis of dysfunction of bileaflet prostheses. [jtd.amegroups.com]

  murmur (tilting disc and bileaflet valves) Mitral prosthetic valves: Low-grade systolic murmur (caged ball valves); short diastolic murmur (bioprostheses and, occasionally, St. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Systolic Murmur

  murmur (caged ball valves); short diastolic murmur (bioprostheses and, occasionally, St. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hearing Impairment

  The frequency analysis to identify different valves was unsatisfactory, but louder frequencies did correspond with hearing-impaired patients' audiograms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Vaginal Bleeding

  Six women with mechanical heart valve prosthesis, who were admitted with persistent severe vaginal bleeding between 2003 and 2010, were evaluated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the need for valve design changes, preoperative education about the sound, and inclusion of routine hearing tests into the preoperative workup. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] implantation (TAVI)/transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), except those in whom CT is contraindicated, [3, 4] and that the CT images should be interpreted with a member of the TAVI/TAVR team or reviewed with the operator before the procedure See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

Because of the twin problem of heart disease and anticoagulant therapy, treatment of abnormal vaginal bleeding in these women is extremely challenging. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Outlook (Prognosis) The success rate of heart valve surgery is high. The operation can relieve your symptoms and prolong your life. Mechanical heart valves do not often fail. However, blood clots can develop on these valves. [leehealth.org]

Long-term prognosis is generally benign in patients with mild paravalvular regurgitation identified by perioperative echocardiography, with progression of regurgitation requiring reoperation in 1 to 2 years. 78 Hence, closer follow-up appears justified [circ.ahajournals.org]

Mechanical valve dysfunction can be classified as endogenous and exogenous according to the etiology. [jtd.amegroups.com]

Table 1 Age distribution 20 yrs 2 1 1 0 21–30 yrs 9 6 2 1 31–40 yrs 17 10 5 2 41–50 yrs 33 13 13 7 51–60 yrs 100 38 44 18 61–70 yrs 162 74 60 28 71–80 yrs 79 34 23 22 81–90 yrs 4 3 1 0 Table 2 Etiology of valve diseases aortic dissection 6 0 calcific [cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com]

The mortality rate with a fungal etiology is 93%. The mortality rate for staphylococcal infections is 86%. PVE due to Staphylococcus has a mortality rate of 25-40%. [13, 14] Fatal anticoagulant-induced hemorrhage occurs in 0.5% of patients per year. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Piper C, Hering D, Langer C, Horstkotte D (2008) Etiology of stroke after mechanical heart valve replacement--results from a ten-year prospective study. J Heart Valve Dis 17: 413-417. [omicsonline.org]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Prosthetic valve thrombosis is more common in mechanical valves. With proper anticoagulation, the rate of thrombosis in all valves is within the range of 0.1-5.7% per patient-year. [emedicine.medscape.com]

No significant differences were seen in major embolism or endocarditis. [11] Pathophysiology Valve failure Primary valve failure may occur abruptly from the tearing or breakage of components or from a thrombus suddenly impinging on leaflet mobility. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abstract This study evaluated the advantage of an anticoagulation clinic in terms of the improvement of the clinical quality of oral anticoagulation (i.e. prevention of thromboembolism and low rate of hemorrhagic complications). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]