H. cinaedi was described as associated with atherosclerosis and, as in the present case, with subclinical symptoms which could disappear spontaneously although the microorganism still present. 中文翻译： 与非典型雷诺氏综合征相关的西奈螺旋杆菌。 [x-mol.com]

A 69-year-old woman presented with recurrent H cinaedi bacteremia-associated cellulitis after a 51-day interval. [kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com]

Methods A 69-year-old woman presented with recurrent H cinaedi bacteremia-associated cellulitis after a 51-day interval. [sciencegate.app]

Here we report a novel clinical presentation of H. cinaedi infection: a case of fever in a returning traveler. A 31 year old previously fit and well male presented with onset of fever 24 h after returning from travel in Singapore and Indonesia. [researchspace.auckland.ac.nz]

Case presentation: A 64-year-old immunocompetent bisexual male with a history of recent orthopaedic surgery presented to our rural clinic with left lower leg cellulitis, bacteraemia, fever and chills. [microbiologyresearch.org]

• Fever

  fever by summarizing the present and 5 previously reported cases of H. cinaedi bacteremia-induced fever [3-7] (Table 1). [karger.com]

  […] most common cutaneous symptom of H. cinaedi bacteraemia was found to be mild cellulitis, appearing as multiple painful infiltrated erythemas on the extremities, and Helicobacter cINAedi infection should be added to the diagnostic list of unspecified fever [semanticscholar.org]

  She had repeatedly experienced fever and rash on the legs for 5 months. The fever and rash disappeared with amoxicillin; however, they recurred after a while. [medicaljournals.se]

  On day 9, she again developed high fever, poor appetite, and fatigue, and on day 10, she was readmitted to our hospital. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

  Here we report a novel clinical presentation of H. cinaedi infection: a case of fever in a returning traveler. A 31 year old previously fit and well male presented with onset of fever 24 h after returning from travel in Singapore and Indonesia. [researchspace.auckland.ac.nz]

• Recurrent Infection

  Recurrent infections of Helicobacter cinaedi are often reported, and long-term antimicrobial treatment is empirically recommended to prevent such infections. [kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com]

  However, there have been no studies examining whether recurrent infections are relapses of former infections or reinfections with different clones. [sciencegate.app]

  No recurrent infection by H cinaedi has developed for 2 years after the second infection. [academic.oup.com]

  In situ reconstruction was more often performed than extra-anatomic reconstruction (37 versus six), and in-hospital mortality was low (18.9% versus 50%), but three patients had recurrent infections [9]. [hindawi.com]

  Recurrence of infection was reported in 13 (35.1%) of 37. [journals.lww.com]

• High Fever

  It was found that 30% (22/73) of the cases of H. cinaedi bacteraemia had sudden-onset erythema accompanied by high fever. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  Nausea and chills and high fever (38.0°C), respectively, appeared on days 5 and 6. [karger.com]

  A 63-year-old man, who was on haemodialysis due to chronic renal failure, had high fever, rash and arthralgia for 6 days. He presented with 5 painful, dark-red erythemas up to 8 cm in diameter on the upper and lower extremities (Fig. 1A). [medicaljournals.se]

  On day 9, she again developed high fever, poor appetite, and fatigue, and on day 10, she was readmitted to our hospital. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Swelling

  Slight swelling in the right lower thigh and both calves, with local redness of skin with unclear margins, and oppressive pain with localized warmth were observed. [academic.oup.com]

  Five days later, redness and swelling disappeared; therefore, we changed treatment to cefdinir at 900 mg/day. She was discharged on day 8. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Raynaud Syndrome

  Keywords Arteriosclerosis Helicobacter Raynaud's disease A 43-year-old immunocompetent woman presented to the emergency department for pseudo Raynaud syndrome. She had already consulted 2 days before for chest pain without identified aetiology. [clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  All subsequent blood cultures remained negative, and the patient's abdominal pain and diarrhea resolved. [journals.lww.com]

  Furthermore, there is an association between infection and severe or chronic illnesses, such as meningitis or arteriosclerosis, in addition to mild diseases such as fever, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, proctitis, diarrhea, erysipelas, cellulitis, arthritis [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In July 2017, a 73-year-old woman was referred to the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (Shinjuku, Japan) because of a 2-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

• Diarrhea

  Entry H01374 Disease Name Helicobacter cinaedi infection Description Helicobacter cinaedi (previously called Campylobacter cinaedi) causes cellulitis, bacteremia and diarrhea frequently in immunocompromised patients and occasionally in immunocompetent [genome.jp]

  All subsequent blood cultures remained negative, and the patient's abdominal pain and diarrhea resolved. [journals.lww.com]

  Furthermore, there is an association between infection and severe or chronic illnesses, such as meningitis or arteriosclerosis, in addition to mild diseases such as fever, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, proctitis, diarrhea, erysipelas, cellulitis, arthritis [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  Nausea and chills and high fever (38.0°C), respectively, appeared on days 5 and 6. [karger.com]

  Symptoms reported at presentation or at the time of bacteremia included profuse diarrhea (43.2%), nausea/vomiting (18.9%), and mild to moderate abdominal pain (21.6%). [journals.lww.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  On day 6, the patient developed high fever (38.8°C), nausea, vomiting, sore throat, and loss of appetite. [karger.com]

• Thrombosis

  The strain was isolated from the bloodstream in a woman with atypical Raynaud’s disease and a recent history of superficial venous thrombosis. [x-mol.com]

  She had a medical history of arrhythmia and was receiving fondaparinux for superficial venous thrombosis of the right leg. [clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com]

• Erythema

  Twelve painful, reddish-to-violaceous erythemas were observed on the upper and lower extremities (Fig. 1B, C). The erythemas were poorly infiltrated and sized between 3- to 7-cm in diameter. [medicaljournals.se]

  It was found that 30% (22/73) of the cases of H. cinaedi bacteraemia had sudden-onset erythema accompanied by high fever. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  This clinical course reminds us physicians of the fact that this rare pathogen can cause intermittent febrile and painful erythema in immunosuppressed patients, even if it does not cause death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cutaneous manifestations of Helicobacter cinaedi: a review Medicine, Biology The British journal of dermatology 2016 The most common cutaneous symptom of H. cinaedi bacteraemia was found to be mild cellulitis, appearing as multiple painful infiltrated erythemas [semanticscholar.org]

  He was started on prednisone for presumed erythema nodosum without improvement. Subsequent biopsy demonstrated granulomatous and suppurative dermatitis. Tissue cultures were unrevealing for infection. [jacionline.org]

• Arthritis

  Thirty days later, he was rehospitalised with arthritis in the left knee and cellulitis on the left tibia. Helicobacter cinaedi was isolated from the synovial fluid, which was incubated in a BACTEC Paediatric bottle. [casereports.bmj.com]

  Bacteremia possibly caused by Helicobacter cinaedi and associated with painful eryhema in rheumatoid arthritis with malignant lymphoma. Intern Med 57: 3663-3666, 2018. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Helicobacter cinaedi septic arthritis and bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient. Clinical characteristics of bacteremia caused by Helicobacter cinaedi and time required for blood cultures to become positive. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Helicobacter cinaedi has mainly been isolated from immunocompromised patients with bacteremia, cellulitis, and septic arthritis (3,4). Here, we report 3 cases of IAAA caused by H. cinaedi detected by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene analysis. [go.gale.com]

• Arthralgia

  Associated symptoms consisted of sore throat, mild shortness of breath, generalized myalgia and arthralgia, headache, and four episodes of loose stools. The patient recovered spontaneously without treatment and was discharged. [researchspace.auckland.ac.nz]

  The patient reported skin tenderness as well as arthralgia. His medication had not been changed for more than one year. [medicaljournals.se]

• Leg Pain

  She presented to emergency department of our hospital with a fever of 38°C and bilateral lower leg pain for three days. She was hospitalized with a diagnosis of lower right leg cellulitis, and we began cefazolin administration at 3 g/day. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Lower Leg Pain

  She presented to emergency department of our hospital with a fever of 38°C and bilateral lower leg pain for three days. She was hospitalized with a diagnosis of lower right leg cellulitis, and we began cefazolin administration at 3 g/day. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Headache

  Associated symptoms consisted of sore throat, mild shortness of breath, generalized myalgia and arthralgia, headache, and four episodes of loose stools. The patient recovered spontaneously without treatment and was discharged. [researchspace.auckland.ac.nz]

  Case presentation A 52-year-old man was transferred from the local hospital because of a persistent headache and suspected intracranial subdural empyema. Neurosurgical drainage was performed via burr holes. [springermedizin.de]

  She presented to the emergency unit of our hospital with a fever of 39°C, headache, erythema on the trunk, and joint pain. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

• Leukocytosis

  Blood test revealed leukocytosis (8,300/μl), and CRP was 5.12 mg/dl. Skin biopsy was taken from the erythematous plaque on the knee. Intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam cleared up the skin lesions in 2 weeks. [medicaljournals.se]

  Laboratory test excluded leukocytosis, but C-reactive protein was elevated. Urine showed pyuria and moderate hematuria. Urine culture demonstrated >100,000 colony forming units/ml of Escherichia coli. [degruyter.com]

Second, regarding the duration of treatment, 3 courses of fluoroquinolone treatment consisting of 5 days of moxifloxacin and 14 days of garenoxacin 2 times seem to have a modest effect in preventing the disease from deteriorating. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Recurrent infections of Helicobacter cinaedi are often reported, and long-term antimicrobial treatment is empirically recommended to prevent such infections. [kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com]

Our results suggest the importance of longer treatment courses to eradicate H cinaedi for preventing the relapse of its infection. [sciencegate.app]

Although a standard treatment has not yet been established, there is evidence of effective treatments in the literature. H. cinaedi is an enterohepatic species of Helicobacter and a rare cause of gastroenteritis and bacteremia. [degruyter.com]

Identification of the pathogen is essential for diagnosis and treatment. [go.gale.com]

Prevalence and renal prognosis of diagnosed autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Japan. Nephron. 1998;80:421–7. CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar 7. Fick GM, Johnson AM, Hammond WS, et al. [link.springer.com]

Conclusions Direct analysis of the blood culture bottle on the Maldi-TOF system allowed for the identification of the etiology of the bacteremia since H. cinaedi could not have been grown in standard culture conditions. [degruyter.com]

Despite many reports, the etiological properties and pathogenicity of H. cinaedi remain elusive; however, we are increasingly able to recognize some of the features and the clinical relevance of infection. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

H. cinaedi infections have been increasingly reported in recent years, but the pathogen's epidemiological and pathological characteristics are still unclear. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

Design: A retrospective epidemiologic study of 23 patients with H. cinaedi–associated illness. Patients: 23 patients with H. cinaedi infection identified between January 1982 and August 1990. [acpjournals.org]

Molecular epidemiologic analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter cinaedi isolated from seven hospitals in Japan. The nosocomial transmission of Helicobacter cinaedi infections in immunocompromised patients. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Further research is warranted to identify the epidemiologic and clinical features of H. cinaedi infection. Dr. Suzuki is a medical doctor at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

MLST has been widely used in molecular epidemiology and population biology in Helicobacter species [29, 30, 31], and has been proven useful for typing other H. cinaedi strains [32]. [journals.plos.org]

Recurrent infections of Helicobacter cinaedi are often reported, and long-term antimicrobial treatment is empirically recommended to prevent such infections. [kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com]

Our results suggest the importance of longer treatment courses to eradicate H cinaedi for preventing the relapse of its infection. [sciencegate.app]

This study showed that this pathogen requires relatively lengthy treatment in order to achieve a cure or prevent recurrence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Google Scholar Affiliations: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Corresponding Author: Julia A. [acpjournals.org]

Aota et al. [6] reported a case in which MINO was effective in preventing H. cinaedi bacteremia-induced recurrent fever in a patient with follicular lymphoma receiving R-CHOP therapy. [karger.com]