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2.1
Hemiparesis
Hemipareses
Hemiparesis is a weakness affecting one side of the body.

Presentation

Present stroke was diagnosed as ipsilateral hemiparesis, confirmed by diffusion tensor imaging (Figure 2). [n.neurology.org]

The authors report the first known case of a penetrating spinal injury from a swordfish, in which the patient presented with a small stab wound and hemiparesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Entire Body System

  • Difficulty Walking

    Symptoms can range from a minor weakness to a severe weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, resulting in: difficulty standing difficulty walking unusual sensations in the affected side of the body strain on the unaffected side of the body caused [healthline.com]

    One-sided weakness in your arms, hands, face, chest, legs or feet can cause: Loss of balance Difficulty walking Impaired ability to grab objects Decrease in movement precision Muscle fatigue Lack of coordination Where your stroke occurred in the brain [stroke.org]

    The symptoms include loss of balance, difficulty walking, impaired ability to grab things, decreasing movement precision, muscle weakness or fatigue, lack of coordination, etc. [differencebetween.com]

    CASE DESCRIPTION: A 3-year old boy with normal development presented with difficulty walking and increased drooling. His mother stated he was running into objects and had balance issues for several days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Symptoms of hemiplegia include: Impaired motor skills Difficulty grasping or holding on to objects Weakness of muscles or stiffness on one side of the body Permanently contracted muscles or muscle spasticity Poor balance Difficulty walking[2] Treatment [physio-pedia.com]

Neurologic

  • Slurred Speech

    Case Illustration: A 23-year-old woman experienced right-sided weakness, could not open her left eye, had double vision and slurred speech. Blood pressure measured was 130/100 mmHg on a physical examination. [bapin-ismki.e-journal.id]

    Physical examination revealed right sided facial droop involving the corner of the mouth (fig 1), right sided hemiparesis, and slurred speech. [bmj.com]

    On examination, the patient was confused with hoarseness of voice and slurred speech. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

    Speech therapists. Speech therapists can evaluate any swallowing or speech problems. Some children may need treatment for abnormal muscle tone. For instance, they may need help with muscle tightness or spasticity. [childneurologyfoundation.org]

  • Abnormal Gait

    This in turn leads to an abnormal gait pattern and thus the inability to walk. This movement disorder then causes consequential damages such as spasticity, irreparable joint damage and torn vertebrae. [hemiparesis-therapy.com]

    These gait disturbances are commonly due to abnormalities in gait pattern (i.e., changes at the joint kinematics level). [journals.plos.org]

  • Pyramidal Tract Signs

    Also, myoclonus or tremor is seen in up to 38% patients, hyperreflexia and other pyramidal tract signs in 85% patients and psychosis, visual hallucinations and paranoid delusions have been reported in 25–36% patients. [1] [2] [5] However, the presence [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

Workup

What would be the next best step in the diagnostic workup for this patient? A. Transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate for thrombus or patent foramen ovale B. Transesophageal echocardiography to evaluate for thrombus or patent foramen ovale C. [thecardiologyadvisor.com]

Initially managed as suspected cerebrovascular accident, admitted for stroke workup, which returned unremarkable. [n.neurology.org]

His workup revealed no history of smoking, normal blood pressure, no history of hypertension, an LDL of 75, and hemoglobin A1C of 6.4, despite normal fasting glucose. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment

This injectable treatment provides relief for about 3 months, after which individuals can receive repeat treatments. [flintrehab.com]

Figure 01: Hemiplegia – Before and After Treatment Hemiplegia can be diagnosed through blood tests, CT scans, MRI scans, and electroencephalography. The treatment options for hemiplegia depend on the severity of the condition and the causes. [differencebetween.com]

After initial pre-treatment assessments, participants will complete 4 weeks of treatment, with assessments after each week of treatment and 3 months after the completion of treatment. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Alternative treatments. Other treatments may include dietary changes or acupuncture. Hemiparesis is a mild or partial weakness or loss of strength on one side of the body. [healthline.com]

Prognosis

Prognosis What is the prognosis for hemiparesis or hemiplegia? The prognoses of hemiplegia and hemiparesis are difficult to predict because symptoms may change over time. [neofect.com]

Prognosis What is the prognosis of Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia? The prognosis of hemiplegia and hemiparesis is difficult to predict because symptoms may change over time. [home.neofect.com]

Management of stroke greatly affects the prognosis of the patient, so that the appropriate treatment is needed. Case. Mr. S 44 year old, came to the hospital with weaknesses in the arm and left leg since 6 days before when he was resting. [juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id]

Prognosis for Hemiparesis and Hemiplegia Hemiparesis and hemiplegia are both inherently unpredictable, with symptoms that may change over time. [spinalcord.com]

Diagnosis can confidently be made using cerebral MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), so that patients can be informed about the favorable prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether time since stroke onset, etiology, and lesion side is associated with spatiotemporal and angular gait parameters of individuals with chronic stroke. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiologic Classification The etiology of ischemic infarction was considered cardioembolic when the patient had a high-risk potential cardiogenic source (atrial fibrillation, mural thrombus, valvular vegetation, prosthetic valve, severe hypokinesis or [ahajournals.org]

However, any individual case is important in order to increase the awareness of hypoglycemia as an important etiology of this condition. 1. Introduction Hypoglycemia could have different clinical presentations [1]. [hindawi.com]

Etiologies for neonatal hemiparesis due to injury of the central nervous system include arterial ischemic stroke, unilateral intracranial hemorrhage, unilateral periventricular venous infarction, and unilateral brain malformations such as hemimegalencephaly [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology

Neonatal stroke: a review of the current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutic options. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103:356–64. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the North American Arctic, 2000-2010. J Infect. 2015 Aug. 71 (2):179-87. [Medline]. Saha SK, Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, et al. [medscape.com]

Hashimoto's encephalopathy: epidemiologic data and pathogenetic considerations. J Neurol Sci 2004;217:165–8. [ CrossRef ] [ Pubmed ] Ferracci F, Carnevale A. The neurological disorder associated with thyroid autoimmunity. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

Epidemiology [ edit ] The incidence of cerebral palsy has increased in the past 40 years. [en.wikipedia.org]

References 2 An epidemiological survey of hemiplegic migraine. Cephalalgia 2002 ; 22 : 361 – 75. 3. Migraine with atypical aura in the recovery room: a sometimes complicated diagnosis! Anesth Analg 2008 ; 106 : 1844 – 6. 4. [academic.oup.com]

Pathophysiology

Multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms are possible for this unusual phenomenon and has been previously described. Its implication in therapeutic decision making in a patient with an acute emergent condition has never been discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At present, the pathophysiology behind hypoglycemia-induced hemiparesis is unclear. [hindawi.com]

The historically proposed pathophysiology of ictal hemiparesis is that of inhibition of the somatosensory and motor areas of the cortex. [journals.cambridge.org]

Prevention

Alternatively, a damp tea towel folded and placed underneath can also prevent hard objects from slipping on a smooth surface. [strokefoundation.org.au]

However, these trials did not examine prevention of subluxation and only one examined prevention of contracture and improvement in function. [doi.org]

Range of Motion - Moving the paralyzed or weak limb or extremity can help prevent stiffness and muscle contractures. [inhomephysicaltherapy.ca]

Seizure is the most debilitating condition, as it greatly impairs quality of life in both the affected individuals and their caregivers and prevents them from active social participation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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