Presentation
Two cases presented with bacteraemia, and one case presented with meningitis. [hps.scot.nhs.uk]
Presents important “take home concepts within each chapter to help you recall clinical pearls. Includes the most need-to-know basic science, focusing on providing clear implications for patient care. [books.google.de]
Hib, for example may present as epiglottitis (severe swelling in the throat) or pneumonia. [immune.org.nz]
Presentation [ 1 ] The most common presentation (60% of all cases) of invasive Hib disease is meningitis, frequently accompanied by bacteraemia. [patient.info]
The case involves a 37-year-old man with underlying illnesses, who has presented with fever, productive cough, runny nose and shortness of breath since August 2. [info.gov.hk]
Workup
[…] presence of cellulitis Joint, lung, and sinus aspiration Transtracheal aspiration Tympanocentesis Pericardiocentesis Laparoscopy and tubal cultures in women: For suspected NTHi Culdocentesis and peritoneal fluid cultures in women: For suspected NTHi See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]
Treatment
Antibiotics and supportive care These are the mainstays of treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Some people with certain medical conditions have an increased risk of infection, for example, those without a functioning spleen, and those who are immune compromised from a disease or treatment of a disease. [immune.org.nz]
Treatment for Hib infection Depending on the illness, treatment may include: admission to hospital a course of the appropriate antibiotics. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]
In adults, complete recovery is common with treatment ( Footnote 7 ), but for children there is a 2-5% mortality rate, even with treatment. [canada.ca]
In adults, complete recovery is common with treatment(7), but for children there is a 2-5% mortality rate, even with treatment. [msdsonline.com]
Prognosis
Treatment and prognosis Mortality rates in patients with H. influenzae pneumonia have been reported as ranging around 10-42% Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]
Prognosis The sequelae following Hib meningitis may include deafness, convulsions and intellectual impairment. [patient.info]
Moreover, there seemed to be a better prognosis than that previously described for C. jejuni-related Guillain–Barré syndrome patients (Rees et al., 1995a; Visser et al., 1995; Jacobs et al., 1996). [academic.oup.com]
The prognosis of uncomplicated Hib pneumonia and nonencapsulated H influenzae infections is usually good. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Etiology
S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are the most frequent pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections etiology. [ibn.idsi.md]
A consistent chapter format enables you to rapidly and effortlessly locate the most current protocols on manifestations, etiologies, triggers, approaches to treatment, complications, and preventative strategies. [books.google.de]
Etiologic Agent H. influenzae is a pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus. H. influenzae may be either encapsulated (typeable) or unencapsulated (nontypeable). [cdc.gov]
The gold standard for an etiologic diagnosis, culture of middle ear fluid, requires tympanocentesis, which is an invasive procedure and is thus not routinely performed. [jcm.asm.org]
Vishniakova LA, Putov NV (1990) The etiology of acute pneumonia. Ter Arkh 62: 15-18. Sinopalnikov A, Romanov AG (2006) An infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonology 1. [omicsonline.org]
Epidemiology
Please refer any child care exposures as soon as possible to Epidemiology & Assessment at 714-834-8180 for follow-up. [cms.ocgov.com]
Date: 1998 University: Göteborgs universitet/University of Gothenburg Institution: Department of Otolaryngology Avdelningen för öron-, näs- och halssjukdomar Date of Defence: 1998-04-17 Publication type: Doctoral thesis Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae epidemiology [gupea.ub.gu.se]
An epidemiologic study with special reference to day-care centers. JAMA 1984; 252(18):2581-2584. Shapiro ED, Ward JI. The epidemiology and prevention of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Epidemiol Rev 1991; 13:113-142.Tsang R. [ecdc.europa.eu]
Additionally, these studies demonstrated similar epidemiologic distributions as historically documented with Hib, with 22 of 23 reported Hia cases occurring in patients less than 5 years old. [journals.lww.com]
More about Haemophilus influenzae: Haemophilus influenzae Disease in Georgia, 2008 Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b (Hib) Disease (CDC) Georgia Epidemiology Report - Haemophilus influenzae Disease in Georgia Public Health Nurse Protocol Manual 2013 [dph.georgia.gov]
Pathophysiology
The similarities between Guillain–Barré syndrome subsequent to H. influenzae and C. jejuni infections may reflect the same pathophysiology. [academic.oup.com]
Pathophysiology The nomenclature ( Haemophilus is Greek for "blood loving") acknowledges the fact that H influenzae requires 2 erythrocyte factors for growth: X (hemin) and V (nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide). [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
How can haemophilus influenzae be prevented? The Hib vaccine can prevent most serious cases of H flu disease. Those in close contact with people with serious H flu disease should receive preventive antibiotics. [drgreene.com]
Rifampicin is given to prevent the spread of Hib infection. However, it may not always be successful in preventing infection in the contacts of a case. [dhhs.tas.gov.au]
Prevention Hib can be prevented with vaccination. If you have close contact with someone who has Hib, your doctor may give you antibiotics to prevent you getting infected. Find out more about getting vaccinated against Hib. [health.gov.au]
There is a vaccine to prevent Hib disease. All children younger than 5 years of age should be vaccinated with the Hib vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epiglottitis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) [medlineplus.gov]
Corticosteroids may help prevent brain damage. Epiglottitis must also be treated as soon as possible. People may need help breathing. [merckmanuals.com]