Hib, for example may present as epiglottitis (severe swelling in the throat) or pneumonia. [immune.org.nz]

The most common presentation is pneumonia, which presents as high-grade fever, chills, productive purulent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, lethargy, and generalized body aches. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Severe cases may present with convulsions and coma. Infants often present with less characteristic symptoms such as, vomiting, refusal to feed and irritability. [ecdc.europa.eu]

Signs of increased ICP are especially likely to be found in children with a fulminant history and those who are moribund on presentation. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Fever

  Symptoms vary depending on the specific infection: for otitis media (middle ear infection) unusual irritability difficulty sleeping or staying asleep tugging or pulling at one or both ears fever fluid draining from ear(s) loss of balance hearing difficulties [childrenshospital.org]

  Meningitis - fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness Epiglottitis - difficulty breathing and swallowing, pale colour and fever Pneumonia - shortness of breath, fever, lack of energy, loss of appetite, headache, chest pain and cough [health.nsw.gov.au]

  Fever and chills. Fatigue. Epiglottitis Symptoms may include: Severe sore throat. Fever. Raspy breathing called stridor. Difficulty swallowing. Drooling. Difficulty breathing. Pneumonia Symptoms may include: Fever and chills. Cough. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Pneumonia Symptoms of pneumonia usually include: Fever and chills Cough Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Sweating Chest pain Headache Muscle pain or aches Excessive tiredness Bloodstream infection Symptoms of bloodstream infection usually include [cdc.gov]

  Epiglottitis Symptoms of epiglottitis include: fever sore throat dribbling (unable to swallow saliva) difficulty in swallowing and breathing. [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

• High Fever

  You should get medical care right away if you have A sudden high fever A severe headache A stiff neck Nausea or vomiting Early treatment can help prevent serious problems, including death. [icdlist.com]

  Symptoms of invasive Haemophilus influenzae include high fever, irritability, aching, tiredness, intense headache, stiff neck and sometimes nausea and vomiting. The bacteria can infect different parts of the body, so other symptoms may occur. [ok.gov]

  The following morning there was some improvement but she later became sleepy and developed a high fever. Her mother called the surgery and was put through to a GP, who advised her to continue with oral fluids and liquid paracetamol. [themdu.com]

  Babies with meningitis may have drowsiness, poor feeding, bulging fontanelles (the soft spot on the top of a baby’s head) and high fever. Older children with meningitis typically have neck stiffness and sensitivity to light. [healthywa.wa.gov.au]

• Chills

  Pneumonia Symptoms of pneumonia usually include: Fever and chills Cough Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Sweating Chest pain Headache Muscle pain or aches Excessive tiredness Bloodstream infection Symptoms of bloodstream infection usually include [cdc.gov]

  Pneumonia (lung infection) symptoms: Fever and chills Cough Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Sweating Chest pain Headache Muscle pain or aches Excessive tiredness Bacteremia (blood infection) symptoms: Fever and chills Excessive tiredness Pain [health.hawaii.gov]

  Fever and chills. Fatigue. Epiglottitis Symptoms may include: Severe sore throat. Fever. Raspy breathing called stridor. Difficulty swallowing. Drooling. Difficulty breathing. Pneumonia Symptoms may include: Fever and chills. Cough. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  […] member with an H influenzae infection Native American race Pregnancy Older age Sinus infection (sinusitis) Sore throat (pharyngitis) Upper respiratory infection Weakened immune system Symptoms Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills [ufhealth.org]

• Epilepsy

  […] require special education services.[10] Negative long-term effects are more likely in subjects whose treatments were delayed, as well as in subjects who were given antibiotics to which the bacteria was resistant.[3] Ten percent of survivors develop epilepsy [en.wikipedia.org]

  The outcomes were as follows: complete recovery (53.4%); the development of symptomatic epilepsy (4.1%), sensorineural hearing loss (3.1%), compensated communicating hydrocephalus (8.2%), and various manifestations of encephalopathy (17.8%). [epidemiology-journal.ru]

• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

  In 2 cases, the isolates were obtained from postmortem blood culture, but the final diagnosis was “unascertained” and “sudden infant death syndrome.” [academic.oup.com]

• Vomiting

  Vomit Feed poorly Appear to be slow or inactive Have abnormal reflexes [cdc.gov]

  […] the specific infection: for otitis media (middle ear infection) unusual irritability difficulty sleeping or staying asleep tugging or pulling at one or both ears fever fluid draining from ear(s) loss of balance hearing difficulties ear pain nausea and vomiting [childrenshospital.org]

  Some children may have a fever, or experience crankiness, drowsiness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. These reactions are mild and generally last 1 to 2 days. [immunizebc.ca]

  Diarrhea Anxiety Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Altered mental status (confusion) Meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord) symptoms: Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Increased sensitivity [health.hawaii.gov]

  Symptoms may include: Unusual irritability Difficulty sleeping or staying asleep Tugging or pulling at one or both ears Fever Fluid draining from ear(s) Loss of balance Hearing difficulties Ear pain Nausea and vomiting Decreased appetite Nasal congestion [chop.edu]

• Nausea

  […] depending on the specific infection: for otitis media (middle ear infection) unusual irritability difficulty sleeping or staying asleep tugging or pulling at one or both ears fever fluid draining from ear(s) loss of balance hearing difficulties ear pain nausea [childrenshospital.org]

  Meningitis Symptoms of meningitis typically include sudden onset of: Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Photophobia (eyes being more sensitive to light) Altered mental status (confusion) Babies with meningitis may: Be irritable [cdc.gov]

  Haemophilus meningitis is characterized by symptoms including fever, nausea, sensitivity to light, headaches, stiff neck, anorexia, and seizures.[2][3] Haemophilus meningitis can be deadly, but antibiotics are effective in treating the infection, especially [en.wikipedia.org]

• Tachycardia

  Very ill children may have tachycardia and thready pulse in addition to high fever. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Photophobia

  Meningitis Symptoms of meningitis typically include sudden onset of: Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Photophobia (eyes being more sensitive to light) Altered mental status (confusion) Babies with meningitis may: Be irritable [cdc.gov]

  Older children and adults In older children and adults, symptoms of meningitis include: headache fever vomiting stiff neck or back joint pains drowsiness (excessive sleepiness) or confusion photophobia (discomfort when looking at light). [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

  […] age Sinus infection (sinusitis) Sore throat (pharyngitis) Upper respiratory infection Weakened immune system Symptoms Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include: Fever and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light (photophobia [ufhealth.org]

  Anxiety Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Altered mental status (confusion) Meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord) symptoms: Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia [health.hawaii.gov]

• Headache

  […] thick green or yellow discharge nighttime cough occasional daytime cough swelling around the eyes for sinusitis in older children runny nose or cold symptoms that last greater than seven to 10 days complaints of drip in his/her throat from his/her nose headaches [childrenshospital.org]

  Pneumonia Symptoms of pneumonia usually include: Fever and chills Cough Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Sweating Chest pain Headache Muscle pain or aches Excessive tiredness Bloodstream infection Symptoms of bloodstream infection usually include [cdc.gov]

  Educate parents of a possibility for a second case in siblings of less than 4 years of especially if symptoms like headache, fever and stiff neck are present. < Back to A to Z of Infectious Diseases [deputyprimeminister.gov.mt]

  Meningitis - fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness Epiglottitis - difficulty breathing and swallowing, pale colour and fever Pneumonia - shortness of breath, fever, lack of energy, loss of appetite, headache, chest pain and cough [health.nsw.gov.au]

  […] the back of the throat) Headaches Facial discomfort (usually over the cheek bones or over the eyes which worsens when bending over) Bad breath Cough Fever Sore throat Swelling around the eye (tends to be worse in the morning) Epiglottitis. [chop.edu]

• Irritability

  Symptoms vary depending on the specific infection: for otitis media (middle ear infection) unusual irritability difficulty sleeping or staying asleep tugging or pulling at one or both ears fever fluid draining from ear(s) loss of balance hearing difficulties [childrenshospital.org]

  […] and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningismus) Other symptoms that can occur include: Agitation Bulging fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding and irritability [ufhealth.org]

  Infants may present with nonspecific symptoms and signs (eg, lethargy, irritability, poor feeding... read more, bacteremia Bacteremia Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. [msdmanuals.com]

  Symptoms may include: Unusual irritability Difficulty sleeping or staying asleep Tugging or pulling at one or both ears Fever Fluid draining from ear(s) Loss of balance Hearing difficulties Ear pain Nausea and vomiting Decreased appetite Nasal congestion [chop.edu]

• Seizure

  Haemophilus meningitis is characterized by symptoms including fever, nausea, sensitivity to light, headaches, stiff neck, anorexia, and seizures.[2][3] Haemophilus meningitis can be deadly, but antibiotics are effective in treating the infection, especially [en.wikipedia.org]

  Those who survive may have long-term problems, such as hearing loss, seizures and learning disabilities. How Hib is spread Hib bacteria can live in the nose and throat of healthy people, and usually do not cause any symptoms. [nhs.uk]

• Confusion

  Meningitis Symptoms of meningitis typically include sudden onset of: Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Photophobia (eyes being more sensitive to light) Altered mental status (confusion) Babies with meningitis may: Be irritable [cdc.gov]

  Meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord) symptoms: Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) Altered mental status (confusion) Limp, loss of alertness (lethargy) [health.hawaii.gov]

  As the disease gets worse the person affected may become very sleepy and difficult to wake, confused or delirious, and may have seizures (fits). Babies and young children often do not get a stiff neck or dislike of bright lights. [meningitis.org]

  Older children and adults In older children and adults, symptoms of meningitis include: headache fever vomiting stiff neck or back joint pains drowsiness (excessive sleepiness) or confusion photophobia (discomfort when looking at light). [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

• Neck Stiffness

  Symptoms of meningitis Fever, loss of appetite, vomiting Drowsiness, headache, sensitivity to bright light, neck stiffness Signs may be vague and non-specific in young infants; they may have a bulging fontanelle Symptoms of epiglottitis Fever Breathing [immune.org.nz]

  Symptoms may include: In children older than 1 year: Neck and/or back pain, especially when moving the chin toward the chest Headache Nausea and vomiting Neck stiffness In infants, symptoms are difficult to pinpoint and may include: Irritability Sleeping [chop.edu]

  GP expert opinion said The absence of neck stiffness in a young child does not rule out meningitis The GP had not appreciated the extent to which the child was genuinely ill as opposed to the specific symptoms that were being exhibited The child should [themdu.com]

  Older children with meningitis typically have neck stiffness and sensitivity to light. Children with epiglottitis may have breathing difficulties and be dribbling and anxious. [healthywa.wa.gov.au]

An appropriate workup includes obtaining a sputum specimen and doing a gram-stain followed by a culture. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

During the hospital course, further workup revealed a normal protein C level of 75% (reference range, 70%-180%) and normal protein S level of 72% (reference range, 70%-150%). IV ceftriaxone was continued for a 1-month course. [consultant360.com]

• Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormality

  fluid abnormalities in haemophilus influenzae meningitis ' Pediatric emergency care, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 191-194. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199009000-00007 TY - JOUR T1 - Absent or minimal cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in haemophilus influenzae [scholars.northwestern.edu]

• Glucose Increased

  The most significant findings included a positive gram stain, decreased absolute CSF glucose or CSF–serum glucose ratio, increased CSF protein, and an increased band count on CBC. Table 4. [jamanetwork.com]

Some people with certain medical conditions have an increased risk of infection, for example, those without a functioning spleen, and those who are immune compromised from a disease or treatment of a disease. [immune.org.nz]

Management and Treatment How is Haemophilus influenzae treated? Haemophilus influenzae treatment depends on the type of infection or disease. Treatment usually includes the use of antibiotics to fight the infection. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Treatment The primary treatment for Hib is appropriate antibiotics. Intravenous antibiotics, (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are preferred) are often required but depending on illness, oral administration may follow for 7-10 days. [bu.edu]

Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

Because it is a bacterial disease, the primary method of treatment for Haemophilus meningitis is anti-bacterial therapy. [en.wikipedia.org]

Prognosis Early diagnosis and treatment of meningitis ensure a good prognosis. Timely initiation of empiric antibiotics and blood culture specimens to help direct management is the best approach to control the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Outlook / Prognosis What can I expect if my child has a Haemophilus influenzae disease? The outlook (prognosis) for H. influenzae infections depends on the type and severity of your child’s condition. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Such people include: Household members Roommates in dormitories Those who come into close contact with an infected person Outlook (Prognosis) Meningitis is a dangerous infection and it can be deadly. [ufhealth.org]

[citation needed] Prognosis[edit] Survivors of Haemophilus meningitis may experience permanent damage caused by inflammation around the brain, mostly involving neurological disorders. [en.wikipedia.org]

Etiologic agent Clinical features Sequelae Transmission Risk groups Trends Incidence Treatment and chemoprophylaxis Immunization Reporting References Etiologic agent Haemophilus influenzae is a pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus. [cdc.gov]

Tabs Content Clinical Overview Diagnosis Indications for Testing Identify etiologic agent in pneumonia, meningitis, cellulitis, septic arthritis Laboratory Testing CDC testing recommendations Rapid antigen detection tests are available – utility is questionable [arupconsult.com]

Rates of Hib meningitis and probable bacterial meningitis with no determined etiology declined by 13 and 17 cases per 100 000, respectively. [scielosp.org]

This may include an increased frequency of etiologic agents less common to determined age groups, different CSF characteristics and worse progression. [scielo.br]

All of the serotypes, particularly type b, are common etiological agents in lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Haemophilus influenzae: enhanced surveillance forms Epidemiology Haemophilus influenzae: laboratory reports by age group and serotype Haemophilus influenzae: lab reports by age group and serotype 2019 Haemophilus influenzae: laboratory reports by age [gov.uk]

An epidemiologic study with special reference to day-care centers. JAMA 1984; 252(18):2581-2584. Shapiro ED, Ward JI. The epidemiology and prevention of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Epidemiol Rev 1991; 13:113-142.Tsang R. [ecdc.europa.eu]

"Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) seroprevalence and current epidemiology in England and Wales." J Infect 76(4): 335-341. de Vries, C. J., E. de Jongh, S. Zwart, E. H. van den Akker and W. Opstelten (2015). [lci.rivm.nl]

Fraser at the Center for Disease Control, Bacterial Diseases Division, Bureau of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30333). Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Copy URL Permissions [nejm.org]

Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.ro]

In this article, the author reviews the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of H influenzae infection, with emphasis on the key features useful for making a timely diagnosis. [medlink.com]

It is the purpose of this report to describe a case of transient vasopressin (Pitressin)-responsive diabetes insipidus complicating Haemophilus meningitis, to discuss the possible pathophysiology, and to outline the diagnosis and management. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Objectives: Identify the pathophysiology of Haemophilus influenza infections. Describe the typical patient presentation as revealed in their history and examination with Haemophilus influenza infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(Bezocht 6-9-2018) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). Haemophilus influenzae Disease (Including Hib). (Bezocht 12-06-2018 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ch. 8 Haemophilus influenzae type b. [lci.rivm.nl]

Home Prevention & Healthy Living Immunization Vaccine Preventable Diseases Immunizations: Haemophilus Influenzae Haemophilus influenzae disease is any type of infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. [dhs.wisconsin.gov]

[…] to Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) [ Read More ] [icdlist.com]

There is a vaccine that can prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. This vaccine does not prevent disease caused by other types of H. influenzae. Hib vaccine is recommended for all children younger than 5 years old. [health.hawaii.gov]

Vaccines can prevent Hib disease. CDC recommends routine Hib vaccination for all children younger than 2 years old. [cdc.gov]