This study presents clinical scenarios of HCV-infected patients with hematologic malignancies, focusing on diagnosis, clinical and laboratory presentations, complications, and DAA therapy. An up-to-date treatment algorithm is presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chronic Infection

  Abstract Seventy percent of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) will suffer chronic infection, putting them at risk for liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Asymptomatic

  The patient, who was asymptomatic, was first alerted of the infection by the blood bank and had no traditional risk factors for HCV infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  It is a highly variable and unpredictable condition with effects of the infection varying from asymptomatic disease to liver failure or primary liver cancer (1). [gpnotebook.co.uk]

  Screening and diagnosis Due to the fact that acute HCV infection is usually asymptomatic, few people are diagnosed during the acute phase. [who.int]

• Nausea

  Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old HCV GT-4 positive woman complaining of a headache, nausea, and arthralgia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Gastrointestinal Symptoms If you have an active HCV infection, you are likely to experience stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. [verywellhealth.com]

  The initial symptoms of chronic hepatitis C are: Weakness and fatigue Nausea Loss of appetite Muscle and joint aching Weight loss As chronic hepatitis C progresses to liver failure (hepatic decompensation), additional symptoms develop including: Dark [emedicinehealth.com]

• Vomiting

  She consulted the emergency department for diffuse abdominal pain, associated with vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Gastrointestinal Symptoms If you have an active HCV infection, you are likely to experience stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. [verywellhealth.com]

  Those who are acutely symptomatic may exhibit fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, grey-coloured faeces, joint pain and jaundice (yellowing of skin and the whites of the eyes). [who.int]

• Purpura

  We report the first case of a patient with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), who later developed acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AAMT), with autoantibodies to the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The first one underlines the presence of the serological hallmark, i.e ., mixed cryoglobulins, which characterize the disease, along with the “benign” B-cell lymphoproliferation, and the classical symptoms, namely purpura, weakness, and arthralgias[ 4 [doi.org]

• Skin Rash

  The most common side effects of simeprevir (Olysio) include itching, skin rash, and photosensitivity (tendency to get sunburns). Simeprevir has significant drug interactions with other medications. [medicinenet.com]

• Ulcer

  […] lesion of the leg; E: Typical histological pattern of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis involving the small vessels and characterized by diffuse fibrinoid necrosis and disintegrated neutrophil permeation of the vessel walls; F: Wide non-healing skin ulcer [doi.org]

  Similar effects of overexpression of HSP110 has been reported in cancer and gastric ulcer where targeting HSP110 had beneficial effects[ 131 - 133 ]. [dx.doi.org]

  HSPA4, the „Evil Chaperone” of the HSP Family, Delays Gastric Ulcer Healing. Dig Dis Sci. 2015; 60 :824–826. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 132. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Szatmary P, Wen L, Sun H, Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen X. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Petechiae

  […] temporal muscle wasting, enlarged parotid gland, cyanosis Fetor hepaticus Gynecomastia, small testes Abdominal signs: Paraumbilical hernia, ascites, caput medusae, hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal bruit Ankle edema Scant body hair Skin signs: Spider nevi, petechiae [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Arthralgia

  Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old HCV GT-4 positive woman complaining of a headache, nausea, and arthralgia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The first one underlines the presence of the serological hallmark, i.e ., mixed cryoglobulins, which characterize the disease, along with the “benign” B-cell lymphoproliferation, and the classical symptoms, namely purpura, weakness, and arthralgias[ 4 [doi.org]

  Examples include the following: Arthralgias Paresthesias Myalgias Pruritus Sicca syndrome Sensory neuropathy Symptoms characteristic of complications from advanced or decompensated liver disease are related to synthetic dysfunction and portal hypertension [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Osteoporosis

  Osteoporosis and skeletal fractures in chronic liver disease. Gut. 1990; 31 (1) 82-87 96 Monegal A, Navasa M, Guañabens N et al.. Osteoporosis and bone mineral metabolism disorders in cirrhotic patients referred for orthotopic liver transplantation. [doi.org]

See Workup for more detail. Management Treatment of acute hepatitis C has rapidly evolved and continues to evolve. HCV infection has become a curable disease, although a vaccine does not yet exist. See Treatment and Medication for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

AIM: To determine risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment failure after direct acting antivirals in patients with complex treatment histories. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment efficacy was defined as SVR, i.e., undetectable HCV-RNA at 24 wk post-treatment. [doi.org]

Genotypes HCV-1: most common overall HCV-2: HCV-3: HCV-4: more common in Africa HCV-5: HCV-6: Treatment and prognosis Vaccination has not been developed for the virus. [radiopaedia.org]

Links: epidemiology transmission clinical features diagnosis and further investigation treatment prognosis practical suggestions to help prevention in primary care predictors of disease progression hepatitis C virus testing in primary care hepatitis C [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Prognosis of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) The probable outcome of a viral infection depends a lot of what type of the hepatitis C virus you are infected with. [myvmc.com]

With early diagnosis and treatment, the current prognosis is excellent for those who are chronically infected. [emedicinehealth.com]

Abstract Scleromyxedema (SM) is a chronic and progressive fibromucinous disease with no known etiology. We report a patient with scleromyxedema associated with hepatitis C virus, successfully treated with interferon and ribavirin therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiologic agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis. HCV infection frequently causes chronic hepatitis, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. [doi.org]

Information on their past transmission and epidemiology might be obtained by estimation of the time of divergence of the different genotypes of HCV, HBV and HGV/GBV–C using knowledge of their rates of sequence change. [doi.org]

In this paper, we study the molecular epidemiology of HCV genotype 2 in its region of endemic origin, west and central Africa. Our analysis includes 56 new and highly diverse HCV isolates sampled from infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease. Trends Microbiol. 2004;12(2):96-102. [ Links ] 65. Blackard JT, Shata MT, Shire NJ, Sherman KE. Acute hepatitis C virus infection: a chronic problem. [scielo.org.co]

Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 65 (9) 732-741 33 Raison C L, Capuron L, Miller A H. [doi.org]

Pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease. Trends Microbiol. 12 : 96-102. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 28. Phan, T., R. K. Beran, C. Peters, I. C. Lorenz, and B. D. Lindenbach. 2009. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease. Trends Microbiol. 12 : 96 -102. 28. ↵ Phan, T., R. K. Beran, C. Peters, I. C. Lorenz, and B. D. Lindenbach. 2009. [dx.doi.org]

Pathophysiology Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a spherical, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Because there is no vaccine and no post-exposure prophylaxis for HCV, the focus of primary prevention efforts should be safer blood supply in the developing world, safe injection practices in health care and other settings, and decreasing the number of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Primary prevention There is no vaccine for hepatitis C, therefore prevention of HCV infection depends upon reducing the risk of exposure to the virus in health-care settings and in higher risk populations, for example, people who inject drugs [who.int]