Treatment effects for continuous variables were presented as weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Ten clinical trials were identified and included for the meta-analysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Journal presents findings on the effects of chronic hypoxia on lung and heart disease, pulmonary and cerebral edema, hypertension, dehydration, infertility, appetite and weight loss, and other diseases. [eurekalert.org]

This increases the blood pressure in the veins, causing them to distend and forces water, which is normally present in blood, out through the permeable blood vessels and into surrounding tissues such as the brisket area." [dairyherd.com]

We therefore designed the present study, which aimed at direct measurements of both pressure and permeability of the pulmonary capillaries in the early stages of HAPE. [doi.org]

• Regurgitation

  HAPH was diagnosed using criteria; tricuspid regurgitation (TR) gradient of 46 mmHg. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In tricuspid regurgitation the continuous-wave Doppler beam was superimposed on the regurgitant jet into the right atrium by means of color Doppler, to obtain the maximal velocity within the Doppler spectrum. [doi.org]

• Mouth Breathing

  Clinical signs of BPH can include labored or open-mouthed breathing, rough hair coat, glazed eyes and reluctance to move. [dairyherd.com]

  The cause of high-altitude bronchitis and cough is likely multifactorial, consisting of a combination of irritation of the respiratory cilia and mucosa, rhinorrhea resulting in mouth breathing, bronchoconstriction, respiratory tract infection, and minimal [aafp.org]

• Suggestibility

  Recent interest in use of selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension has suggested a possible role for these agents in the treatment of HAPH. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Right Axis Deviation

  ECG evidence of RV overload on 12 lead ECG was documented based on presence of 2 out of 3 criteria; R S in V1, right axis deviation or RV strain, T wave inversion in V1 and V2. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  axis deviation and precordial T wave abnormalities are early signs.Pulmonary function tests Elevated pulmonary artery pressure causes restrictive physiology.Perfusion lung scan Nonsegmental perfusion abnormalities can occur from severe pulmonary vascular [myslide.es]

  Right-axis deviation, right precordial T-wave inversion from a normally upright adult T wave, and T-wave changes in the left precordial leads have been described in mountaineers. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hyperviscosity

  Polycythemia is associated with hyperviscosity and declining oxygen transport. A further rise in hemoglobin is observed with age at high altitude. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• T Wave Inversion

  ECG evidence of RV overload on 12 lead ECG was documented based on presence of 2 out of 3 criteria; R S in V1, right axis deviation or RV strain, T wave inversion in V1 and V2. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Right-axis deviation, right precordial T-wave inversion from a normally upright adult T wave, and T-wave changes in the left precordial leads have been described in mountaineers. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Ventricular Hypertrophy

  METHODS: 689 subjects (313 men) of mean (SD) age 44 (0.6) years living above 2500 m were screened for HAPH by medical examination and electrocardiography, and 188 (27%) met the criteria for right ventricular hypertrophy. 44 underwent cardiac catheterisation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Anatomic observations have confirmed the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy in healthy children of high altitudes. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  The back pressure on the heart and the increased effort needed to maintain blood flow can lead to a heart disease known as right ventricular hypertrophy. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Treatment options for this condition are unsatisfactory. Recent interest in use of selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension has suggested a possible role for these agents in the treatment of HAPH. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Peter Bartsch, MD has participated in many field studies in the Alps, investigating the physiology, prevention and treatment of acute high altitude illnesses. [books.google.com]

Adapted to etiology ! Unknown borderline ! Is it harmful to use CCB in nonresponders ?Yes, at least for high doses ACCP Gd.: Level of evidence: expert opinion; benefit: substantial;grade of recommendation: E/A. [myslide.es]

Adapted to etiology ! Unknown borderline ! Is it harmful to use CCB in nonresponders ? Yes, at least for high doses ACCP Gd.: Level of evidence: expert opinion; benefit: substantial; grade of recommendation: E/A. [dokumen.tips]

Although several hypotheses regarding the cause of HAPE have been offered, the etiology of acute mountain sickness and HACE remains to be elucidated. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] an altered permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier secondary to intense pulmonary vasoconstriction and high capillary pressure, but previous bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings in well-established HAPE are also consistent with inflammatory etiologic [doi.org]

This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence for a genetic trait of the altitude-related illnesses, mainly HAPH, as well as the molecular evidence for the contribution of the specific candidate genes or pathways involved. [link.springer.com]

Discussing controversies and concepts in PH diagnosis and management, this guide explores: classification and epidemiology, pathology, pathogenesis, genetics, and diagnosis of PH causes of the condition, such as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension [books.google.com]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1983;63:90-92 Wu T: An epidemiological study on high altitude disease at Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau (in Chinese).. [karger.com]

Ward R (1995) Familial aggregation and genetic epidemiology of blood pressure. In:JH Laragh, BM Brenner (eds.). Hypertension: pathology, diagnosis, and management. Raven Press, New York. pp: 67-88. [clinical-and-molecular-endocrinology.imedpub.com]

[…] of secondary inflammation in HAPE do not exclude the possibility that pulmonary edema will occur at modest altitudes in some individuals by a preceding or concurrent infectious or inflammatory state, as demonstrated in animals 19, 20 and suggested by epidemiologic [doi.org]

A recent finding in early HAPE suggests that transmission of excessively elevated pulmonary artery pressure to the pulmonary capillaries leading to alveolar hemorrhage as the pathophysiologic mechanism of HAPE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

His teaching role includes being a lecturer in pulmonary pathophysiology as well as extensive hospital teaching roles at Rhode Island Hospital for house staff and pulmonary fellows. [books.google.com]

All invited speakers have presented their major research findings in the field of basic aspects of the pulmonary hypertension pathophysiology and the fundamental scientific issues concerning high altitude adaptation, followed by the lively discussion [sinogermanscience.org.cn]

Rapid remodeling of the small precapillary arteries may prevent HAPE but increase pulmonary vascular resistance leading to pulmonary hypertension in long-term high altitude residents. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Peter Bartsch, MD has participated in many field studies in the Alps, investigating the physiology, prevention and treatment of acute high altitude illnesses. [books.google.com]

Prevent AD by gradual ascent and use of acetazolamide. [merckmanuals.com]

We are grateful to those who do, because the best way to prevent more people from dying is to publicise the risks. [altitude.org]