Although, female ARM and male children with low ARM may present late, almost all male patients with high ARM present within first few days of life. [atmph.org]

Almost all male patients present within first few days of life. Case presentation A five-month-old baby boy of Indian origin and nationality presented with anal atresia and associated rectourethral prostatic fistula. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

The babies were categorised into Group A (weight at presentation 2.5 kg) and Group B (weight at presentation 2.5 kg). There were 47 boys and 14 girls aged 18 h to 28 days (median 6 days). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Case presentation A five-month-old baby boy of Indian origin and nationality presented with anal atresia and associated rectourethral prostatic fistula. [paperity.org]

• Respiratory Insufficiency

  Of the 12 babies that died, 7 were due to overwhelming infections, 4 respiratory insufficiencies and 1 cyanotic heart disease. The overall procedure related mortality was therefore 7 (11.5%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hand Deformity

  He had an associated left radial club hand deformity. He underwent 3 staged repair viz. right transverse colostomy, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and stoma closure. [atmph.org]

• Hematuria

  Benign Familial Hematuria 500 Renal Tubular Acidosis 501 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus 506 Renal Vascular Thrombosis 508 Urolithiasis 510 HemolyticUremic Syndrome 513 Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone 514 Chronic Renal Failure [books.google.com]

• Febrile Seizures

  677 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 679 Femoral Anteversion 680 Patellofemoral Problems 682 OsgoodSchlatter Disease 683 Blounts Disease 684 Genu Valgum 685 Metatarsus Adductus 686 Clubfoot 687 Scoliosis 689 Kyphosis 692 Cervical Spine Problems 693 Febrile [books.google.com]

A flow chart to explain the workup before performing nonfluoroscopic well-tempered pressure-augmented distal colostogram is presented in [Figure 1]. [archintsurg.org]

742 Laparoscopic Treatment of Nonpalpable Testis 753 Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Treatment of Varicocele 759 Oneport Retroperitoneoscopic Varicocelectomy in Children and Adolescents 765 Laparoscopy in Functional Ovarian Cysts in Neonates 771 Laparoscopy [books.google.com]

*Correspondence Grant support: None Conflict of Interest: None ABSTRACT Background: Surgical treatment for high anorectal malformations has evolved over the years with introduction of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in the early 80s. [jwacs-jcoac.org]

Constipation was defined as a need to use medical treatment or diet to ensure bowel emptying. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The parents were wrongly advised by the village hakim (village doctor) to seek treatment at one year of age. [atmph.org]

The appropriate treatment can be rewarding. This is a preview of a remote PDF: Anand Pandey, Ajay N Gangopadhyay, Vijayendra Kumar, Shiv P Sharma. [paperity.org]

Niger J Clin Pract 2 Delayed access to care and unmet burden of pediatric surgical disease in resource-constrained African countries Yasmine Yousef,Angela Lee,Frehun Ayele,Dan Poenaru Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2018; 3 Clinical characteristics, prognosis [njcponline.com]

Of the patients, 83% showed good prognosis and 15% had fair and poor prognosis. Our findings are similar. In the study of Hassink, there was a positive correlation between prognosis improvement and increasing age 15. [journals.lww.com]

These studies help to establish initial treatment and prognosis. How is ARM treated? All children with an ARM need at least one operation called an anorectoplasty or “pull-through”. [chp.edu]

A patient with a good prognosis defect (rectoperineal fistula, rectobulbar urethral fistula, rectovestibular fistula) with a good sacrum and spine should be expected to achieve normal bowel control. [mhmedical.com]

Prognosis - Anorectal atresia With a high lesion, many children have problems controlling bowel function and most also become constipated. With a low lesion, children generally have good bowel control, but they may still become constipated. [checkorphan.org]

Head Trauma 234 Sepsis and Septic Shock 242 Nonpolio Enteroviruses 332 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 334 Rhinoviruses 336 Roseola and Human Herpesviruses 337 Rubella 338 Rubeola 339 VaricellaZoster Virus 342 Viral Gastroenteritis 344 Disorders of Unknown Etiology [books.google.com]

Vascular accidents occurring in utero are most commonly implicated in the etiology of CA; whereas, the etiology of ARM is widely considered multifactorial and may include participation of recessive genes (Nazer et al. 2000 ;Mo et al. 2001 ;Shinha et al [springerplus.springeropen.com]

They are organised into groups, and further divided into clinical, etiological or histopathological sub-types. [orpha.net]

Etiology The etiology of such malformations remains unclear and is likely multifactorial. There are, however, reasons to believe there is a genetic component. [ispub.com]

ETIOLOGY The etiology of such malformations remains unclear and is likely multifactorial. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Depaepe A, Dolk H, Lechat MF (1993) The epidemiology of tracheo-oesophageal fistula and oesophageal atresia in Europe. Arch Dis Child 68(6): 743-748. [medcraveonline.com]

"Genetics, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Anorectal Malformations and Caudal Regression Syndrome". In Holschneider, Alexander Matthias; Hutson, John M. (eds.). [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology: Anorectal malformations (ARM) occurs in 1 baby in every 5,000 live births. It is equally seen in boys and girls. Figure 1: Picture of a baby's bottom without an anal opening. Picture courtesy of MJArca 11/2016. [eapsa.org]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Anorectal malformations occur in approximately 1 newborn per 5000 live births. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2011;64(4):383–94. Epub 2011/01/05. pmid:21195583 View Article PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar 19. Kudou S, Iwanaka T, Kawashima H, Uchida H, Nishi A, Yotsumoto K, et al. [journals.plos.org]

It may help for better understanding of pathophysiology of anorectal area and allow for planning improved procedures in these patients. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Pathophysiology The embryogenesis of these malformations remains unclear. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Understanding the true anatomy is helpful to prevent damage to important structures during surgical repair and to preserve the best potential for bowel control. [ispub.com]

It is likely that other pathophysiological “triggers” tip the balance in favour of heavy soiling. Rapid colonic transit may be one such trigger. [intechopen.com]

The distal stoma was made smaller than the proximal one to prevent its prolapse and also in addition to help the Foley's catheter to get snuggly fit, prevent leakage of the contrast and thereby enabling adequate pressure to be generated during study. [archintsurg.org]

Hematuria 500 Renal Tubular Acidosis 501 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus 506 Renal Vascular Thrombosis 508 Urolithiasis 510 HemolyticUremic Syndrome 513 Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone 514 Chronic Renal Failure 516 Injury Prevention [books.google.com]

This should be preventable by passing the dilator daily for the first few months of life. In the longer term constipation may be a problem but this can usually be managed by diet or medication. [uhs.nhs.uk]

Thus, the posterior muscle complex surrounds the rectum and helps prevent rectal prolapse. [22] (See the images below.) Operative view of posterior sagittal anoplasty in newborn with rectoperineal fistula. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In this case anal dilation will be all that’s necessary and surgery can be prevented, unless the anus is in the wrong place. [pullthrough.org]