The present study has identified the plants with the highest toxicological risks and provides a data base for more rational prevention, diagnosis and treatment of plant poisoning cases in the future. [unboundmedicine.com]

Patients may present to the emergency department with a psychotic picture [ 3 ]. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Activated charcoal can bind tropane alkaloids and may be administered if patients present within 1-2 hours of ingestion and bowel sounds are present. [calpoison.org]

YEAR : 2002 CITATION : Vet Hum Toxicol, 44(1), 31-32 [English] FDA #: F25498 ABSTRACT : We present a retrospective analysis of plant and mushroom ingestions reported to the Toxicologic Information Center at the Catholic University of Chile. [accessdata.fda.gov]

[…] information on all major drugs of the time, including opium, cocaine, heroin, cannabis, peyote, fly agaric, henbane, datura, alcohol, kava, betel, coffee, tea, cocoa, and tobacco • A book credited with starting an era of ethnobotany that continues to the present [books.google.com]

• Fever

  Fever : Its fevers are low forms of fever, the continued fever and the typhoid. Modalities:- Worse : - At night, During menses, Mental activity, Jealousy, unhappy love, When lying down Better Stooping. [planethomeopathy.com]

  Movements and positions; convulsion irregular movement jerking twitching hand foot Paralysis; painless Perspiration; lower limbs ≡ more ... ▲ FEVER AND CHILL Fever and chill Night In bed Periodic, recurring; every fourth day Continued fever in brain [abchomeopathy.com]

  Important Characteristic Features Fever (typhoid): Hyoscyamus is very useful in typhoid fever. In the early stage of the disease, the delirium and later, symptoms of cerebral paralysis may call for Hyoscyamus. [homeopathicmedicine.info]

  Now let me speak of the fevers of Hyoscyamus. I have already given you the symptoms which would indicate the drug in typhoid fever. We have to see how we may apply it in the treatment of fevers with skin symptoms, as scarlatina. [vithoulkas.com]

  الصفحة 31 - ... and inflammation, especially of the throat and has been known to cure ague (burning fever). Boiling the inner bark in vinegar produces a useful external wash for lice and for skin problems such as scabies and scabs. [books.google.com]

• Hyperthermia

  […] due to hyperthermia) and repetitive picking behavior. [calpoison.org]

  Acute poisoning Stage of early stimulation: Euphoria, excitement, mydriasis, increased HR, BP, RR Stage of advanced stimulation: Vomiting, muscle twitching, dyspnoea, hyperthermia, hallucinations, convulsions Stage of depression: Paralysis of muscles, [slideshare.net]

• Nausea

  […] alternate, simple, toothed; flowers axillary, tubular, 5-parted, greenish yellow or yellowish with purple veins; fruit a capsule Family: Solanaceae Origin: Europe Poison Part: All parts Poison Delivery Mode: Ingestion Symptoms: Salivation, headache, nausea [plants.ces.ncsu.edu]

  Stomach: belching empty, bitter; nausea, with vertigo; vomiting, with convulsions; haematemesis; violent cramps, > vomiting; burning; epigastrium tender, < irritating food; hiccough, < night; toxic gastritis. [qjure.com]

  Severity of symptoms can range from headache and nausea to convulsions and death. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  This type of poisoning, which can take place even after ingesting a small amount of plant or seed matter, can have symptoms such as increased salivation, headache, nausea, convulsions, hallucinations, stupor, coma and death. [worldseedsupply.com]

  Symptoms of poisoning include: Salivation, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, convulsions, and coma. It can cause skin irritation if it is touched with bare skin. [extension.usu.edu]

• Abdominal Pain

  Ingesting just four to eight of the seeds can kill a human, but not before he or she suffers through a host of unpleasant symptoms, including but not limited to nausea, seizures, diarrhea, purging and abdominal pain. [mnn.com]

  Most symptomatic patients develop nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, beginning 2-24 hours after ingestion and lasting up to several days. [calpoison.org]

  Manifestations of acute poisoning include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and collapse. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Tachycardia

  Symptoms like mydriasis, tachycardia, arrhythmia, agitation, convulsion and coma can appear. Diagnosis is made by clinical symptomatology and history. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  His initial ECG showed sinus tachycardia. [tandfonline.com]

  Dry mouth, tachycardia, decreased bowel sounds and agitation are all characteristic of both syndromes. [calpoison.org]

  Acute poisoning Euphoria Temporal & spatial disorientation with intensification of sensation & increased clarity of perception Hallucinations, sedation, dysphoria Acute toxic psychosis Tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension Stimulation of appetite 12. [slideshare.net]

  Nicotiana spp (tobacco) ingestion, inhalation or transdermal exposure is possible nicotinic syndrome: GI symptoms, sweating, tachycardia, hypotension, tremor, seizures Psychotropic alkaloids, e.g. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

• Hypotension

  Acute poisoning Euphoria Temporal & spatial disorientation with intensification of sensation & increased clarity of perception Hallucinations, sedation, dysphoria Acute toxic psychosis Tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension Stimulation of appetite 12. [slideshare.net]

  Nicotiana spp (tobacco) ingestion, inhalation or transdermal exposure is possible nicotinic syndrome: GI symptoms, sweating, tachycardia, hypotension, tremor, seizures Psychotropic alkaloids, e.g. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  The peripheral effects that are common to anticholinergic agents include mydriasis with cycloplegia, dry mucous membranes, hyperreflexia, flushed skin, diminished bowel sounds or ileus, urinary retention, tachycardia, and hypertension or hypotension [ [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  Hypotension generally responds to isotonic fluid administration. Agitation, psychosis, or seizures are treated with benzodiazepines such as diazepam or lorazepam. Cooling via evaporative methods is generally sufficient if hyperthermia is present. [calpoison.org]

• Flushing

  His examination was significant for dry mucus membranes and his skin was warm and flushed. On neurologic exam, he was awake, but was confused, agitated and answering “I am Batman” to all questions. [calpoison.org]

  They produce the same dryness of the throat, flushing of the face, dilatation of the pupils, quickening of the respiratory and heart action, illusions, hallucinations and delirium. [henriettes-herb.com]

  Face: Flushed and dark red, bloated and excited face, dryness of the mouth. Dry tongue loaded with a brownish coating. Throat: Constriction of throat with inability to swallow, especially fluids and liquids. [homeopathicmedicine.info]

  Symptoms of Henbane poisoning include a dry mouth, thirst, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, warm flushed skin, dilated pupils, blurred vision and photophobia, vomiting, urinary retention, tachycardia, pyrexia, drowsiness, slurred speech, hyperreflexia [jeremybartlett.co.uk]

  The most prominent signs were altered state of consciousness (including deep coma in 3) and flushed dry, warm skin in all. Pupils were dilated in 18 of the 19 and restlessness and hallucinations… [Mydriasis caused by plant contact]. [unboundmedicine.com]

• Blurred Vision

  Blurred vision and photophobia may be due to mydraisis and paralysis of accomodation. Seizures, paralysis, respiratory depression, and coma may ensue in severe cases. [calpoison.org]

  Symptoms of Henbane poisoning include a dry mouth, thirst, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, warm flushed skin, dilated pupils, blurred vision and photophobia, vomiting, urinary retention, tachycardia, pyrexia, drowsiness, slurred speech, hyperreflexia [jeremybartlett.co.uk]

  [Case Reports] Vnitr Lek. 2000 Nov; 46(11):808-10.Stefánek J, Dufincová J, … Holmes S VL The authors describe the case of a 27-year-old man who was examined on account of vertigo and blurred vision. [unboundmedicine.com]

  Causes dry mouth, thirst, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, warm flushed skin, dilated pupils, blurred vision and photophobia, vomiting, urinary retention, tachycardia, pyrexia, drowsiness, slurred speech, hyperreflexia, auditory, visual or tactile [thepoisongarden.co.uk]

• Diplopia

  Eyes: open, staring; downcast, dull, fixed; pupils dilated, sparkling, fixed; strabismus; spasmodic closing of lids; vision double, diplopia, objects have coloured borders. [qjure.com]

  Diplopia. Objects have colored borders. Mouth.-- Tongue dry, red, cracked, stiff and immovable, protruded with difficulty; speech impaired. Foams at mouth. Teeth covered with sordes. Lower jaw drops. Throat.-- Stinging dryness. Constriction. [homeoint.org]

  ▲ EYES Eyes Pupils dilated, sparkling, fixed Eyes open, but does not pay attention; downcast and dull, fixed Strabismus Spasmodic closing of lids Diplopia Objects have colored borders. [abchomeopathy.com]

• Confusion

  Cases of deadly nightshade intoxication may also be confused with post-traumatic brain damage, and acute psychosis. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  The confusion of an edible plant with a poisonous one give rise to serious poisoning which may even result in death. [unboundmedicine.com]

  Confusion, sopor, deep stupor, stupefaction, coma vigil, < convulsions, wants to escape, run away. Sad, sobbing, cries, in sleep, in children, suicidal. Nervous agitation; tremulous, weak, restless, twitching of tendons. [qjure.com]

  Feels light and confused. Vertigo as if intoxicated. Brain feels loose, fluctuating. Inflammation of brain, with unconsciousness; head is shaken to and fro. Eyes.-- Pupils dilated, sparkling, fixed. [homeoint.org]

  […] illusions illusions of fantasy about self; circumstances; wrong; has suffered (see injured) Desires, wants; company to kill to be naked in delirium to hit something sex, lustful Symptoms follow intense emotions; disappointed love Excitement Fantasies; confused [abchomeopathy.com]

• Headache

  […] stems; leaves alternate, simple, toothed; flowers axillary, tubular, 5-parted, greenish yellow or yellowish with purple veins; fruit a capsule Family: Solanaceae Origin: Europe Poison Part: All parts Poison Delivery Mode: Ingestion Symptoms: Salivation, headache [plants.ces.ncsu.edu]

  Hence its value in nervous headache, the headache of debility, the vague pains of so-called chronic rheumatism, idiopathic neuralgia, visceral pain, urethral pain, and that of herpes zoster. [henriettes-herb.com]

  Head: headache pulsating; light; brain feels loose, fluctuating; encephalitis, inflammation of brain, + coma, head shaken; apoplexy. [qjure.com]

  This type of poisoning, which can take place even after ingesting a small amount of plant or seed matter, can have symptoms such as increased salivation, headache, nausea, convulsions, hallucinations, stupor, coma and death. [worldseedsupply.com]

  Symptoms of poisoning include: Salivation, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, convulsions, and coma. It can cause skin irritation if it is touched with bare skin. [extension.usu.edu]

• Stupor

  As the mania advances he seems to lie in a sort of stupor and yet it is not a real stupor, because the slightest noise rouses him into all these forms of violent mania. Every little impression causes excitement of the sensorium. [vithoulkas.com]

  When spoken to answers properly but stupor and delirium return immediately. -Delirium-attempts to run away. Restless, jumps out of bed, wants to escape. -talks of business, complaints of imaginary wrongs. [cure4incurables.com]

  Confusion, sopor, deep stupor, stupefaction, coma vigil, < convulsions, wants to escape, run away. Sad, sobbing, cries, in sleep, in children, suicidal. Nervous agitation; tremulous, weak, restless, twitching of tendons. [qjure.com]

  This type of poisoning, which can take place even after ingesting a small amount of plant or seed matter, can have symptoms such as increased salivation, headache, nausea, convulsions, hallucinations, stupor, coma and death. [worldseedsupply.com]

  Low, muttering speech; constant carphologia, deep stupor. Head.-- Feels light and confused. Vertigo as if intoxicated. Brain feels loose, fluctuating. Inflammation of brain, with unconsciousness; head is shaken to and fro. [homeoint.org]

• Agitated Delirium

  Despite potential complications, physostigmine can be beneficial in pure anticholinergic overdose with severe symptoms; it can also be useful by controlling agitation and reversing delirium. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

• Motor Symptoms

  The main characteristics of PD is a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons resulting in the loss of motor function, the occurrence of non-motor symptoms, and cognitive decline. [unboundmedicine.com]

Activated Charcoal in the Treatment of Intoxications P. [semanticscholar.org]

The study examined the clinical outcomes, the follow-ups after discharge, and the laboratory analyses in order to see the impact of presence and absence of physostigmine administration in the treatment of HNI. [i-scholar.in]

Its sedative and antispasmodic effect makes it a valuable treatment for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, relieving tremor and rigidity during the early stages of the disease. [naturalmedicinalherbs.net]

The plant is used internally in the treatment of asthma, whooping cough, motion sickness, Meniere's syndrome, tremor in senility or paralysis and as a pre-operative medication. [montana.plant-life.org]

[…] for toothaches --- to treat nervous ailments --- treatment for rheumatism --- treatment for stomach pain --- treatment for whooping cough Availability Of Hyoscyamus niger Depending on where you live, you might find henbane for sale either with a prescription [a1b2c3.com]

Prognosis is usually good. Similar articles Clinical outcomes in children with hyoscyamus niger intoxication not receiving physostigmine therapy. Doneray H, Orbak Z, Karakelleoglu C. Doneray H, et al. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis is usually good. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis The outcome of poisoning varies from complete recovery to death, and depends on the type and amount of the poison, the health of the victim, and the speed with which medical care is obtained. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Therefore, in case of excitability and confusion, as well as somnolence or coma of uncertain etiology, an anticholinergic syndrome caused by ingestion of atropine-containing plants or psychoactive drugs should be included in the differential diagnosis [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Incidence is sporadic, with clusters of poisoning cases, mostly among adolescents using plants for their hallucinogenic effects. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology The 2004 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers listed 1058 cases of exposure to anticholinergic plants, 456 of these being intentional. [calpoison.org]

Pathophysiology Tropane alkaloids competitively inhibit postsynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors producing the classic anticholinergic syndrome. [calpoison.org]

Pathophysiology Toxicity from plants containing tropane alkaloids manifests as classic anticholinergic poisoning. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling the plants to prevent rashes. Cultural Control Good vegetative cover considerably reduces the chance of infestation. [nwcb.wa.gov]

The author of this important and timely work explores the theoretical bases for understanding homicidal poisoning, the nature of poisons used in homicidal cases, the characteristics of poisoners and their victims, and techniques for detection and prevention [books.google.com]

Despite its low incidence, public and medical community education is essential to prevent and manage these intoxications efficiently. [accessdata.fda.gov]

It is as if some diabolical force took possession of the brain and prevented its functions. It causes a perfect picture of mania of a quarrelsome and obscene character. Inclined to be unseemly and immodest in acts, gestures and expressions. [homeoint.org]

Prevention Most accidental poisonings are preventable. The number of deaths of children from poisoning has declined from about 450 per year in the 1960s to about 50 each year in the 1990s. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]