A patient with overt lipemia presented with hyponatremia, hyperchloremia, and a negative anion gap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The majority of infants with this type of dehydration present certain clinical signs that should serve to make the clinician aware of the abnormality of concentration. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

• Sepsis

  Moreover, our populations were exclusively severe sepsis or septic shock while in the previous study only 7 % were severe sepsis or septic shock. [doi.org]

  An infant was cleansed with 2% clorhexidine gluconate (CHG) because of repeated sepsis episodes from skin colonization. Asymptomatic hyperchloremia ensued, most likely associated with CHG therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In patients with sepsis or septic shock they are more susceptible to experience acute kidney injury (AKI) and the factors that may contribute to AKI are still being investigated. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Amyloidosis

  Other renal causes include nephrotic syndrome and amyloidosis. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and hyperparathyroidism can also cause pRTA. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Pallor

  […] goddess of flowers and the chloro element is derived from the name of this goddess. chlorite A group of minerals, hydrous silicates of aluminum, ferrous iron, and magnesium, occurring in green plate-like crystals or scales. chlorobrightism A greenish pallor [wordinfo.info]

• Hypotension

  ETOURDISSEMENT DYSGUEUSIE PARESTHESIE SOMNOLENCE TREMBLEMENT HYPOESTHESIE ICTERE VISION ALTERATION OEDEME PAPILLAIRE PALPITATIONS TACHYCARDIE ARYTHMIE FIBRILLATION AURICULAIRE INSUFFISANCE CARDIAQUE CONGESTIVE BOUFFEE VASOMOTRICE HYPERTENSION ARTERIELLE HYPOTENSION [codage.ext.cnamts.fr]

  People in shock are usually hypovolemic and hypotensive. Hypovolemia is an underlying pathophysiologic cause of hypochloremia. That's why I think, as does the OP, that the instructor has made a boo-boo here and needs to be challenged on it. [allnurses.com]

  As a consequence of the latter, such individuals will have evidence of ECF contraction (hypotension, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension) in addition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hypotension. Tetany Sign and symptoms of Hyperchloremia There are lethargy and weakness. Deep breathing. [labpedia.net]

• Tachycardia

  As a consequence of the latter, such individuals will have evidence of ECF contraction (hypotension, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension) in addition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hyperventilation-induced variant angina with ventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J. 1984;108:423-425. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6464982?tool=bestpractice.com [40] Brown EB Jr, Miller F. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

• Chest Pain

  Love Doctor Doctoral Degree 20,865 satisfied customers For the past several months I have had symptoms of For the past several months I have had symptoms of dizziness, tingling and cramping of hands and feet, chest pain and extreme fatigue. [justanswer.com]

  […] tool=bestpractice.com Chest pain may occur through coronary vasospasm or decreased myocardial oxygen delivery owing to increased O2 affinity to hemoglobin. [36] Neill WA, Hattenhauer M. Impairment of myocardial O2 supply due to hyperventilation. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

• Withdrawn

  […] tool=bestpractice.com Because arterial blood was withdrawn at various times in the patients' hospital course, these figures probably represent instances of respiratory alkalosis from disparate categories. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

• Seizure

  Seizures, loss of consciousness, and other serious symptoms may indicate kidney or liver failure. Hyperchloremia is a symptom, not a diagnosis. So people must discuss with their doctors the most likely cause. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Causes can include chronic alcohol use, heart failure, cancer, seizures, liver failure, prolonged lack of oxygen, and low blood sugar. Even prolonged exercise can lead to lactic acid buildup. [healthline.com]

  It has been found that when lactic acidosis occurs in association with grand mal seizures then as many as 30% of this group of patients may present with a hyperchloraemic component to their acidosis. [anaesthesiamcq.com]

  […] tool=bestpractice.com Unilateral somatic symptoms have also been reported, including partial seizures, migraines, or stroke-like symptoms. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

• Convulsions

  Convulsions are frequently observed during the course of the disturbance. While dehydration, as measured by water retention during recovery, is invariably present, the traditional signs of water deficit are deceptively absent. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  Those include: fluid retention high blood pressure muscle weakness, spasms, or twitches irregular heart rate confusion, difficulty concentrating, and personality changes numbness or tingling seizures and convulsions The severity of symptoms depends on [medicalnewstoday.com]

  […] the highest hyperchloremia level, we used the same saline solution as for moderate hyperchloremia (7.5% NaCl), but more of it (7.5 ml/kg instead of 5 ml/kg), because it is well known that administration of more concentrated saline solutions induces convulsions [doi.org]

• Vertigo

  8052/0 Stomatitis & related tesionsK12Transitional cell papilloma NOSM 8120/0 Karles gigiK02Squarnous cell papillomaM 8053/0 SialolithiasisK11.2Squarnous cell papilloma well diffM 8070/3 PresbikusisH91.1Squarnous cell papilloma metastatic NOSM 8071/3 Vertigo [pdfslide.net]

  […] tool=bestpractice.com Symptoms include vertigo, dizziness, anxiety, euphoria, clumsiness, forgetfulness, hallucinations, and seizure. [44] Perkin GD, Joseph R. Neurological manifestations of the hyperventilation syndrome. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

• Tremor

  Toxic manifestations include irritability, delirium, sedation, psychic disturbances, tremors, motor incoordination, and increases in CSF pressure and protein. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lethargy

  These infants show varying degrees of depression of central nervous system varying from lethargy to coma. Convulsions are frequently observed during the course of the disturbance. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  Tetany Sign and symptoms of Hyperchloremia There are lethargy and weakness. Deep breathing. [labpedia.net]

• Chloride Increased

  Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing) Ontology: Hyperchloremia (C0085679) Concepts Disease or Syndrome ( T047 ) ICD10 E87.8 SnomedCT 74450001 English HYPERCHLORAEMIA, HYPERCHLOREMIA, Increased chloride levels, hyperchloremia, hyperchloremia [fpnotebook.com]

With careful management of fluids and food, and with prompt treatment for any underlying conditions, most people can regain normal electrolyte levels. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Such treatment is usually successful except in cases of central nervous system injury severe enough to produce death." [jamanetwork.com]

Treatment As with most types of electrolyte imbalance, the treatment of high blood chloride levels is based on correcting the underlying cause. If the patient is dehydrated, therapy consists of establishing and maintaining adequate hydration. [research.omicsgroup.org]

These results suggest that chloride values should be monitored closely during hypertonic saline treatment as moderate elevations may impact outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment of Hyperchloremia Primarily a physician will try to normalize the levels of chloride in the body. So, the treatment procedure will be taken to correct the inherent problem or causes of hyperchloremia. [epainassist.com]

Keywords: ACID-BASE BALANCE: acidosis; HYDROELECTROLYTIC BALANCE: hyperchloremia; PROGNOSIS. [scielo.br]

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic acidosis is common in septic shock, yet few data exist on its etiological temporal profile during resuscitation; this is partly due to limitations in bedside monitoring tools (base excess, anion gap). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology of metabolic acidosis during saline resuscitation in endotoxemia. Shock 1998 ; 9 : 364-8 [44] Kellum JA. [jpmiss2.free.fr]

Because of its iatrogenic etiology the authors commented that it is reassuring that hyperchloremic acidosis is not associated with an increased mortality. [ccforum.biomedcentral.com]

He has since completed further training in emergency medicine, clinical toxicology, clinical epidemiology and health professional education. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

[…] tool=bestpractice.com Epidemiology Respiratory alkalosis is common. Two large studies of inpatients from the US evaluating arterial blood samples showed a respiratory alkalosis prevalence of 22.5% to 44.7%. [6] Hodgkin JE, Soeprono FF, Chan DM. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

However, the pathophysiology changed dramatically from one of unmeasured anions at admission (mean unmeasured anion base excess, -9.2 mmol/L) to predominant hyperchloremia by 8-12 hrs (mean sodium-chloride base excess, -10.0 mmol/L). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology of metabolic acid-base disturbances in patients with critical illness. In : Ronco C, Bellomo R eds. Critical Care Nephrology. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1998 : p 279-96 [2] Moviat M, van Haren F, van der Hoeven H. [jpmiss2.free.fr]

Hypovolemia is an underlying pathophysiologic cause of hypochloremia. That's why I think, as does the OP, that the instructor has made a boo-boo here and needs to be challenged on it. Chloride and sodium exist as buddies together in the body. [allnurses.com]

Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful Evaluation of water, electrolyte, and acid-base status Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Prevention Hyperchloremia can be hard to prevent, particularly when it is caused by a medical condition such as Addison's disease. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Recognition of this entity may prevent unnecessary and potentially harmful prolonged resuscitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention of Hyperchloremia Through some easy-to-follow methods, hyperchloremia can be prevented to a large extent: Normal foods that a person takes daily needs to be rich in magnesium and potassium. [epainassist.com]

Hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis are also prevented when alkali therapy is started in the early stages of dRTA. [emedicine.medscape.com]