Presentation
In some cases, drowsiness and intellectual slowness are present and this may lead to delirium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] eating disorders. [3] [4] Diagnosis is usually made based on the observed signs and symptoms. [3] HG has been technically defined as more than three episodes of vomiting per day such that weight loss of 5% or three kilograms has occurred and ketones are present [en.wikipedia.org]
Entire Body System
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Fatigue
[…] pyridoxine) deficiency or vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) deficiency Metabolic imbalances such as metabolic ketoacidosis [11] or thyrotoxicosis [13] Physical and emotional stress Difficulty with activities of daily living Symptoms can be aggravated by hunger, fatigue [en.wikipedia.org]
Multiple pregancy Pre-eclampsia Premature contractions Urogenital causes Degenerative uterine fibroids Nephrolithiasis Pyelonephritis Uremia Other causes Drug poisoning Food poisoning Iron medication NVP usually has very few attendant symptoms other than fatigue [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
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Nausea
Many pregnant women have some nausea and sometimes vomiting in the first trimester. This is called morning sickness. Symptoms are often more severe in the morning. But nausea and vomiting with pregnancy can happen at any time of the day. [lluch.org]
Differential diagnosis of nausea and vomiting. Differential diagnosis of nausea and vomiting in respect to abdominal symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Key points Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are common. It affects around 7 out of 10 women and, f or most women, improves or disappears completely by around the end of the first trimester. Some women experience excessive nausea and vomiting. [healthnavigator.org.nz]
British National Formulary (March 2003). "4.6 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo – Vomiting of pregnancy". BNF (45 ed.). Tuot, D; Gibson, S; Caughey, AB; Frassetto, LA (March 2010). [en.wikipedia.org]
Liver, Gall & Pancreas
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Jaundice
The condition can lead to: Fluid and electrolyte problems Poor nutrition Liver damage and yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (jaundice) B vitamin (thiamine) deficiency Poor growth of the developing baby Key points about hyperemesis gravidarum [lluch.org]
Complications [ edit ] Pregnant woman [ edit ] If HG is inadequately treated, anemia, [11] hyponatremia, [11] Wernicke's encephalopathy, [11] kidney failure, central pontine myelinolysis, coagulopathy, atrophy, Mallory-Weiss tears, [11] hypoglycemia, jaundice [en.wikipedia.org]
Metabolic ketoacidosis and ketonaemia (acetone-like breath) may also occur with occasional pyrexia and hepatic symptoms (for example, jaundice). In some cases, drowsiness and intellectual slowness are present and this may lead to delirium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Neurologic
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Headache
Headache, muscle pain or tremor and fever (prednisolone, procholrperazine, promethazine, dimenhydrinate, doxylamine, metoclopramide) may also occur. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. [lluch.org]
THHG may persist until 18 weeks gestation and does not require treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Here is everything to know about hyperemesis gravidarum, from its symptoms to potential treatments. [insider.com]
It is not the result of anything you have or haven't done, and you do need treatment and support. [healthnavigator.org.nz]
If conservative dietary measures fail, more extensive treatment such as the use of antiemetic medications and intravenous rehydration may be required. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prognosis
Pregnancy outcome and prognosis In most cases, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is self limiting and is usually resolved by around 20 weeks gestation [ 13 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology of vomiting in early pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985; 66 :612–616. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 30. Depue RH, Bernstein L, Ross RK, Judd HL, Henderson BE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] significant difference in the neonatal death rate in infants born to mothers with HG compared to infants born to mothers who do not have HG. [11] Children born to mothers with undertreated HG have a fourfold increase in neurobehavioral diagnoses. [38] Epidemiology [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
Another postulated cause of HG is an increase in maternal levels of estrogens (decreasing intestinal motility and gastric emptying leading to nausea/vomiting). [11] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Although the pathophysiology of HG is poorly understood, the [en.wikipedia.org]
This was partly thought to be due to a lack of evidence of any straight biological pathophysiological pathway [ 42 ], partly due to the finding that many patients seem to need psychological help to cope with the condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
If your nausea and vomiting is preventing you from carrying out your usual daily activities, see your midwife or GP for an assessment. [healthnavigator.org.nz]
If oral nutrition is insufficient, intravenous nutritional support may be needed. [12] For women who require hospital admission, thromboembolic stockings or low-molecular-weight heparin may be used as measures to prevent the formation of a blood clot. [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] replacement Add potassium for replacement after checking electrolytes A further treatment is multivitamin supplementation Glucose solution should not be used unless the serum sodium levels are normal and thiamine supplementation has been prescribed to prevent [bettersafercare.vic.gov.au]
According to another theory, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy might be an evolutionary adaptation that prevents the intake of potentially noxious food. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]