We present a case of hypnic headache successfully managed with occipital nerve stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 64-year-old female presented with a four-year history of a right occipital headache that regularly awakened her from sleep. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nausea is reported in 19% of cases; photophobia, phonophobia or both are present in 6.8%. Mild autonomic signs (lacrimation, nasal congestion, ptosis) may rarely be present. [link.springer.com]

• Nocturnal Awakening

  OBJECTIVE: Hypnic headaches (HHs) are unique because of late life onset and characteristic periodic nocturnal awakening. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  He denied nocturnal awakenings and daytime napping both planned and unplanned. However, his bed-partner's (wife's) information regarding his sleep was contradictory. According to her, he used to grind teeth almost every night during sleep. [doi.org]

• Episodic Course

  The clinical course was mostly episodic without recurrence (n = 9, 53%), followed by relapsing/remitting (n = 5) and chronic (n = 3). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Suggestibility

  Improvements in ICHD-II criteria are suggested, especially to introduce the typical motor behaviour acted out by HH patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Communicating Hydrocephalus

  Included in the differential diagnosis of a new onset nighttime headaches in the elderly is drug withdrawal, temporal arteritis, Sleep apnea, oxygen desaturated, Pheochromocytoma, intracranial causes, primary and secondary neoplasms, communicating hydrocephalus [en.wikipedia.org]

We reviewed the literature to evaluate the usual diagnostic workup performed in hypnic headache patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If lithium treatment does not provide a significant response, indomethacin can be commenced as second-line approach. If these treatments prove to be ineffective or poorly tolerated, other agents, such as caffeine and melatonin, can be administered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We describe results of an internet based survey to identify people with Hypnic Headache and seek their descriptions of headache symptoms, treatment options, prognosis and theories on causation. [severe-headache-expert.com]

Headache associated with sexual activity: prognosis and treatment options. Cephalalgia 27(11): 1265–1270. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Garza, I. and K. H. Oas (2009). [link.springer.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Nevertheless, a better knowledge of causative neurobiological mechanisms would allow to foresee etiology-based treatments. KEYWORDS: Dopamine ; Electromyography ; Sleep bruxism ; Tooth grinding [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology of sleep bruxism: A review of the literature. Recenti Prog Med 2008;99:322-8. 13. Wills L, Garcia J. Parasomnias: Epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 2002;16:803-10. 14. van der Zaag J, Naeije M, Wicks DJ, Hamburger HL, Lobbezoo F. [doi.org]

BIONEXGEN-FP7 CENTER Psychology definition for Etiology in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. I can't stress enough how amazing magnet therapy is in relieving shoulder pain. [bionexgen-fp7.eu]

Parasomnias: Epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 2002;16:803-10. 14. van der Zaag J, Naeije M, Wicks DJ, Hamburger HL, Lobbezoo F. [doi.org]

Until a population based epidemiologic survey is completed, we will never be able to establish the true demographics of people with Hypnic Headache. [severe-headache-expert.com]

Epidemiology Originally believed to be a disorder of the elderly, subsequent reports suggest that the disorder may begin earlier, but many patients suffer for decades before the diagnosis is made. [flipper.diff.org]

Neurology 38: 685–689 PubMed Google Scholar Castillo J, Munoz P, Guitera V, Pascual J (1999) Epidemiology of chronic daily headache in the general population. [springerlink.com]

METHOD: Current studies that deal with the pathophysiology of HH are summarized. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present our cases and discuss the pathophysiology of hypnic headache.J Korean Neurol Assoc 18(6):764~767, 2000Key Words : Sleep, Hypnic headache, Pathophysiology [jkna.org]

As for prevention, a wide variety of medications were reported to be of benefit in HH. The drugs that were found to be effective in at least five cases are: lithium, indomethacin, caffeine and flunarizine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For most patients, paradoxically, caffeine does not prevent patients from sleeping adequately. Melatonin, flunarizine, and indomethacin have been shown effective in some cases. [americanmigrainefoundation.org]

Some alarm clock headache sufferers have been prescribed Topamax (topiramate) to prevent these headaches. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be recommended for preventing or treating them upon waking. [migrainerelief.com]