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Last updated: 2014-05-06 22:04
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia Disorders
Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of blood glucose.
Presentation
- However, to the best of our knowledge there have been no cases in which the endocrinopathy has presented in the absence of a prior clinical history of CVID.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism often present with hypoglycemia when fasting occurs. The presentation, diagnosis, and management of the hepatic glycogen storage diseases and disorders of gluconeogenesis are reviewed.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The authors discuss other cases reported in the literature of this rare condition and its pathogenic mechanisms, the presented case being the first reported in Romania.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- We present the case of an 11-month-old male who developed hypoketotic, hyperinsulinemic, hypoglycemia after an acute, unintentional methadone exposure. The patient was a previously healthy 11-month-old male who presented in respiratory failure.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- An infant presented with short history of jaundice and irritability, examination showed soft hepatomegaly.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
Weakness
- A 50-year-old woman with a large right breast mass was emergently hospitalized for generalized weakness and fatigue. A histological examination of tumor biopsy specimens revealed a phyllodes tumor (PT).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- , shaky, or lightheaded If you suddenly feel weak, shaky, or lightheaded—or you even faint–you could be experiencing these common signs of hypoglycemia.[healthcentral.com]
- Weakness or shaking. Moist skin, sweating. Fast heartbeat. Dizziness. Sudden hunger. Confusion. Pale skin. Numbness in mouth or tongue. Irritability, nervousness. Unsteadiness. Nightmares, bad dreams, restless sleep.[my.clevelandclinic.org]
- Signs include hunger shakiness dizziness confusion difficulty speaking feeling anxious or weak in people with diabetes, hypoglycemia is often a side effect of diabetes medicines. Eating or drinking something with carbohydrates can help.[icd9data.com]
- Signs of hypoglycemia include: Hunger Shakiness Dizziness Confusion Difficulty speaking Feeling anxious or weak In people with diabetes, hypoglycemia can be a side effect to medications used to manage diabetes.[wexnermedical.osu.edu]
Fatigue
- With each plunge their adrenal fatigue can increase and their hypoglycemia may worsen. To the body, hypoglycemia is a strong stressor, an emergency call to action that can further drain already fatigued adrenals.[adrenalfatigue.org]
- A 50-year-old woman with a large right breast mass was emergently hospitalized for generalized weakness and fatigue. A histological examination of tumor biopsy specimens revealed a phyllodes tumor (PT).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Sugar and Adrenal Fatigue For this reason, it is common for those with Stage 3 and beyond Adrenal Fatigue to require sugar replenishment every 2-3 hours. A small snack usually suffices. In fact, as Adrenal Fatigue recovers, this period lengthens.[drlam.com]
- It comes from being inside an office building without natural ventilation and natural light, resulting in a general feeling of malaise or fatigue. Dr.[thebalance.com]
- A system‑wide disturbance is created that results in one of the endocrine fatigue syndromes we call hypoglycemia. The standard for diagnosis has been the five-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT).[fibromyalgiatreatment.com]
Hypothermia
- He demonstrated progressive encephalopathy, seizure activity, second-degree atrioventricular block type I, respiratory failure, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Born to mothers with gestational diabetes or diabetes mellitus Large for gestational age (LGA) ( 8 pounds 12 ounces or 3969g) Small for gestational age (SGA) ( Premature ( Low birth weight ( Smaller twin when sizes are discordant Polycythemia (hct 70%) Hypothermia[med.stanford.edu]
- Other risk factors include prolonged exposure to cold temperatures causing hypothermia, sepsis, starvation and infection.[news-medical.net]
- Symptoms may include: Jitteriness Cyanosis (blue coloring) Apnea (stopping breathing) Hypothermia (low body temperature) Poor body tone Poor feeding Lethargy Seizures The symptoms of hypoglycemia may resemble other conditions or medical problems.[stanfordchildrens.org]
- The following are the most common symptoms of hypoglycemia: Cyanosis (blue coloring) Jitteriness Apnea (stopping breathing) Hypothermia (low body temperature) Poor body tone Poor feeding Lethargy Seizures Since the symptoms of hypoglycemia may resemble[chw.org]
Malnutrition
- Physicians should be aware of the possibility of carnitine deficiency and/or severe hypoglycemia, especially in hemodialysis patients with malnutrition. [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Alcohol together with liver disease (cirrhosis) and malnutrition Medical drugs predisposition see list ( Drugs ) factitious hypoglycaemia Insulin or anti-diabetic drugs (beta-cytotropic agents, i.e. sulfonylureas) extreme physical activity extreme athletics[web.archive.org]
- Disorders of glucose underproduction Inadequate glucose stores are associated with prematurity, infants who are small for gestational age, malnutrition, and ketotic hypoglycemia.[emedicine.com]
- Although ethanol can inhibit gluconeogenesis on its own, the propensity to cause hypoglycemia is more often seen in patients with chronic alcoholism, in whom malnutrition (low glycogen stores) is also present.[clinicaladvisor.com]
Fever
- Assess patients presenting with pain or tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise. If suspected, institute prompt treatment and discontinue JARDIANCE.[jardiancehcp.com]
- Because hypoglycemia in and of itself is not a disease but an indication of another problem, similar to when you have a fever, it's extremely important that you and your doctor figure out the cause of your low blood sugar, especially if you're not diabetic[verywell.com]
- Like fever, hypoglycemia isn't a disease itself — it's an indicator of a health problem.[mayoclinic.com]
- Physical signs and symptoms of HHNS include: Severe hyperglycemia (greater than 600 mg/dL) Dry, parched mouth Extreme thirst (which may gradually disappear) Warm, dry skin that does not sweat High fever (greater than 101 degrees F) Sleepiness or confusion[visionaware.org]
Gastrointestinal
Nausea
- A 66-year-old woman presented to an urgent care clinic for 2 to 3 weeks of general malaise, nausea/vomiting, night sweats, and dyspnea.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Few hours later, she developed a strong food craving, nausea, abdominal pain, and a headache. The lowest recorded serum glucose was 44 mg/dl (2.4 mmol/l) 14 h post-ingestion.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- […] with type 1 diabetes—whether it’s been diagnosed or not—may experience one or more of the following: Sweating and shaking Blurry vision Poor coordination Dizziness or feeling lightheaded Difficulty concentrating Feeling anxious or irritable Hunger or nausea[jdrf.org]
- […] anxious feeling behavior change similar to being drunk blurred vision cold sweats confusion cool pale skin difficulty in concentrating drowsiness excessive hunger fast heartbeat headache nausea nervousness nightmares restless sleep shakiness slurred speech[beyondtype1.org]
- Here are common symptoms people experiencing low blood sugar feel or may exhibit: Hunger or nausea Shakiness and weakness Nervousness and anxiety Sweating or clammy hands, face, and forehead Dizziness or lightheadedness Headache and/or stomach ache Sleepiness[thebalance.com]
Vomiting
- A 66-year-old woman presented to an urgent care clinic for 2 to 3 weeks of general malaise, nausea/vomiting, night sweats, and dyspnea.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Children may vomit. Causes/Pathophysiology : Currently idiopathic.[pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
- Vomiting (vomiting more than 4-5 times in a 24 hour period). Diarrhea (4-6 episodes in a 24-hour period), unrelieved with taking anti-diarrhea medication and diet modification. Severe constipation, unrelieved by laxatives, lasting 2 to 3 days.[chemocare.com]
- Inaccurate blood-glucose readings A missed meal A delayed meal Too little food eaten, as compared to the amount of insulin taken More exercise than usual Diarrhea or vomiting Injury, illness, infection, or emotional stress Other medical problems sometimes[chop.edu]
- […] responsive subtypes; classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia; the intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting[icd9data.com]
Cardiovascular
Palpitations
- Hypoglycemia, which is characterized mainly by palpitations, dizziness, and sweating, is common and easy to identify.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Some examples of such symptoms include: Tremors Sweating Palpitations Anxiety and feeling of dread Restlessness Dizziness The brain is particularly vulnerable during a hypoglycemic event as it has very limited reserves of glucose and depends almost entirely[news-medical.net]
- Hypoglycemia may cause: Sweating Nervousness Lightheadedness Heart palpitations Hunger Headache Tingling feeling around the mouth As hypoglycemia worsens, it may cause: Fatigue Weakness Inappropriate behavior or severe confusion Poor control of movements[uvahealth.com]
- Hypoglycemia Symptoms Although not specific to hypoglycemia alone, here are some possible signs and symptoms: Sweating Trembling or shakiness Palpitations Anxiety and confusion Hunger Headaches Weakness Irritability In people with diabetes, symptoms can[hospitals.jefferson.edu]
- Epinephrine is a hormone that stimulates the release of glucose from body stores but also causes symptoms similar to those of an anxiety attack: sweating, nervousness, shaking, faintness, palpitations, and hunger.[merckmanuals.com]
Tachycardia
- Signs and symptoms include tachypnea, respiratory distress, tachycardia or bradycardia, lethargy, and seizures 775.6 Excludes infant of mother with diabetes mellitus ( 775.0 ) ICD-9-CM Coding Information 775.6 is only applicable to newborns of age 0 years[icd9data.com]
- The primary hormone that produces tachycardia and pale, cool and clammy skin in the shock patient is epinephrine, which is also released in the hypoglycemic patient producing similar signs.[ems1.com]
- Tachycardia, the medical name for an especially fast heartbeat, has also been reported. Cold sweats are another reported symptom.[lifeseasons.com]
- Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction to GlucaGen may include rash, difficulty breathing, or low blood pressure (hypotension) The most common side effects of GlucaGen include: nausea vomiting temporary fast heartbeat or pounding in your chest (tachycardia[glucagenhypokit.com]
- Definition of hypoglycemia Symptoms Gen: Irritability, anxiety, hunger, fatigue, Neuro: HA, blurred vision, tremors, weakness, confusion, ataxia, stupor, seizures, coma GI: abdominal pain, Heme/CV: pallor, cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, Resp: tachypnea[pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
Hypertension
- On hospital day 8 the patient developed hypertensive emergency and was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy. Twenty-two poorly wrapped packages were removed from the bowel.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Hyperinsulinemia can also result from in utero or perinatal stress (eg, maternal hypertension, prematurity, small for gestational age, hypoxia, Caesarian delivery). [5] These infants have no genetic mutations.[emedicine.com]
- Hsu et al[ 31 ] performed a nationwide cohort study, and suggested that comorbidities such as hypertension and renal disease are associated with hypoglycemic episodes.[doi.org]
- High doses of salicylates, used to treat rheumatic disease, or propranolol for hypertension ( high blood pressure ) may also cause blood sugar levels to drop. It can also happen when a person takes diabetes medication without having diabetes.[medicalnewstoday.com]
Hypotension
- In AN various cardiac complications may occur: hypotension, bradycardia, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, reduction of left ventricular mass and impairment of its function.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- He demonstrated progressive encephalopathy, seizure activity, second-degree atrioventricular block type I, respiratory failure, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypotension: Empagliflozin causes intravascular volume contraction and symptomatic hypotension may occur.[jardiancehcp.com]
- Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction to GlucaGen may include rash, difficulty breathing, or low blood pressure (hypotension) The most common side effects of GlucaGen include: nausea vomiting temporary fast heartbeat or pounding in your chest (tachycardia[glucagenhypokit.com]
Eyes
Blurred Vision
- You have blurred vision or vision changes. You feel very tired and weak. You are sweating more than usual for you. You have a fast heartbeat. You feel dizzy, lightheaded, and shaky. You have questions about your condition or care.[drugs.com]
- If early symptoms aren't recognized and treated quickly, blood sugar levels may continue to fall, resulting in drowsiness weakness blurred vision slurred speech confusion clumsiness personality change or strange behavior such as belligerence or silliness[health.harvard.edu]
- More severe hypoglycemia—for example, blood glucose concentrations less than 45 mg per 100 ml (2.5 mmol/l)—causes blurred vision, impaired thinking and consciousness, confusion, seizures, and coma.[britannica.com]
- […] anxious feeling behavior change similar to being drunk blurred vision cold sweats confusion cool pale skin difficulty in concentrating drowsiness excessive hunger fast heartbeat headache nausea nervousness nightmares restless sleep shakiness slurred speech[beyondtype1.org]
- These types of headaches can be accompanied by nausea, blurred vision, irritability, confusion, and fatigue. Early warning signs to watch for include sweating, mood changes, yawning, and craving sweet foods.[vanquishheadacherelief.com]
Diplopia
- It may also present with transient hemiplegia, hypothermia or hyperthermia, convulsions, diplopia and strabismus [ 9 ]. If untreated, it can progress to stupor, coma and, exceptionally, death.[patient.info]
Musculoskeletal
Muscle Cramp
- Certain drugs other than those for diabetes, most notably pentamidine, used to treat a form of pneumonia that occurs most often as part of AIDS, and quinine, used to treat muscle cramps, occasionally cause hypoglycemia.[merckmanuals.com]
Muscle Twitch
- Symptoms of muscle twitching, irritability, and/or increased urination. Poor appetite that does not improve. If you notice excessive sleepiness, confusion.[chemocare.com]
Psychiatrical
Panic Attacks
- The more intense bouts are labeled panic attacks. Feeling faint is common and actual syncope may occur. Nocturnal attacks are often preceded by nightmares and cause severe sleep disturbance resulting in daytime somnolence.[fibromyalgiatreatment.com]
- […] cause symptoms that are associated with reactive hypoglycemia: heart palpitations or fibrillation dizziness light-headedness sweating headaches nervousness irritability shaking and tremors flushing craving for sweets intense hunger nausea, vomiting panic[ketogenic-diet-resource.com]
Neurologic
Confusion
- The definition of clinically significant hypoglycemia remains one of the most confused and contentious issues in contemporary neonatology. In this article, some of the reasons for these contentions are discussed.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- What you will feel is probably: shaky, a bit confused, a little uncoordinated, sweaty, some peoples eyes go funny.[web.archive.org]
- Kalhan Abstract The definition of clinically significant hypoglycemia remains one of the most confused and contentious issues in contemporary neonatology. In this article, some of the reasons for these contentions are discussed.[doi.org]
- Severe symptoms can include impaired vision, confusion, seizures, and unconsciousness. The severe symptoms alter the person’s mental state, sometimes preventing them from consuming more sugar.[web.archive.org]
- In some cases, people with normal blood glucose levels experience symptoms that can be confused with hypoglycemia.[merckmanuals.com]
Seizure
- He demonstrated progressive encephalopathy, seizure activity, second-degree atrioventricular block type I, respiratory failure, hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the central nervous system resulting in hunger; sweating; paresthesia; impaired mental function; seizures; coma; and even death Abnormally low blood sugar Abnormally low level of glucose in[icd9data.com]
- Here, a 12-year-old boy is presented with diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia who had recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia and seizures from infancy.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Signs and symptoms include tachypnea, respiratory distress, tachycardia or bradycardia, lethargy, and seizures 775.6 Excludes infant of mother with diabetes mellitus ( 775.0 ) ICD-9-CM Coding Information 775.6 is only applicable to newborns of age 0 years[icd9data.com]
- We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with severe hypoglycemia that induced seizures. On the general check-up, a massive tumor occupying the lower part of left hemi-thorax was discovered.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Dizziness
- Hypoglycemia, which is characterized mainly by palpitations, dizziness, and sweating, is common and easy to identify.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The challenge is to recognize the mild symptoms, which can vary in different people, but might include dizziness, sweating, drowsiness and a pounding heartbeat. Severe symptoms can include impaired vision, confusion, seizures, and unconsciousness.[web.archive.org]
- Extreme fatigue, especially when the symptoms of shakiness, dizziness, or sweating are present, could be a warning sign of reactive hypoglycemia.[thebalance.com]
- Dizziness. Sudden hunger. Confusion. Pale skin. Numbness in mouth or tongue. Irritability, nervousness. Unsteadiness. Nightmares, bad dreams, restless sleep. You might pass out if your hypoglycemia is not treated.[my.clevelandclinic.org]
- Signs include hunger shakiness dizziness confusion difficulty speaking feeling anxious or weak in people with diabetes, hypoglycemia is often a side effect of diabetes medicines. Eating or drinking something with carbohydrates can help.[icd9data.com]
Irritability
- An infant presented with short history of jaundice and irritability, examination showed soft hepatomegaly.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Irritability, nervousness. Unsteadiness. Nightmares, bad dreams, restless sleep. You might pass out if your hypoglycemia is not treated. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission.[my.clevelandclinic.org]
- […] abnormal behavior lightheadedness unsteady movement inability to concentrate personality changes headache restlessness depressed mood tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue irritability abnormal behavior lightheadedness unsteady movement inability[glucagenhypokit.com]
- However, people with type 1 diabetes—whether it’s been diagnosed or not—may experience one or more of the following: Sweating and shaking Blurry vision Poor coordination Dizziness or feeling lightheaded Difficulty concentrating Feeling anxious or irritable[jdrf.org]
- You may feel suddenly overwhelmed, frustrated, angry, anxious, or irritated, or in some cases, irrational.[healthcentral.com]
Headache
- If you have a cluster headache, sinus headache, migraine headache or any other type of headache you may want to consult a doctor. Long Lasting Relief Always have Vanquish on hand to provide effective, yet gentle headache relief. view product info ❯[vanquishheadacherelief.com]
- We have found that some patients who are viewed as receiving sufficient doses of glucocorticoids occasionally exhibit morning headache or morning discomfort, which may be caused by unrecognized nocturnal hypoglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Few hours later, she developed a strong food craving, nausea, abdominal pain, and a headache. The lowest recorded serum glucose was 44 mg/dl (2.4 mmol/l) 14 h post-ingestion.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Severe slump symptoms include a profound and intense desire to sleep, muscle fatigue, sweating, the shakes, headaches, changes in vision, or any combination of these symptoms.[thebalance.com]
- […] restlessness depressed mood tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue irritability abnormal behavior lightheadedness unsteady movement inability to concentrate personality changes headache restlessness depressed mood tingling in the hands, feet, lips[glucagenhypokit.com]
Workup
- This case highlights the importance of an appropriate workup that can lead to avoidance of unnecessary testing in such patients.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Some patients may present with typical symptoms of neuroglycopenia like slurred speech, confusion, and, rarely, seizures and coma, in which case further workup is required.[emedicine.com]
Serum
Glucose Decreased
- In a 24-week continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) substudy, postprandial glucose decreased ( P 0.009) and CGM demonstrated up to 3 h more time in the target range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L with sotagliflozin.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Low blood sugar is a condition that occurs when the body's blood sugar (glucose) decreases and is too low. Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is considered low. Blood sugar at or below this level can be harmful.[nlm.nih.gov]
Glucagon Increased
- Insulin levels were not different among sessions, whereas glucagon increased with MDG administration ( P 0.001).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Glucagon increases the amount of glucose in the blood by breaking down stored glucose ( starch , called glycogen) and releasing it from the liver into the bloodstream.[emedicinehealth.com]
Treatment
- The rise in plasma glucose following treatment was 0.85 0.66 mmol/L in 15 min. Eighteen episodes (38%) were resolved ( 4.0 mmol/L) 15-min post-treatment.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- While dietary restriction alone did not result in sufficient glucose control in this patient with autoimmune hypoglycemia, treatment with hydrothermally modified slow release corn starch led to stable euglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- BACKGROUND: The Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment (ORBIT) study evaluated the safety of basal insulin (BI) in real-world settings in China.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- […] due to the effects of GLP-1 on the pancreatic β-cell and suggest that GLP-1 receptor antagonists may represent a potential avenue of treatment for children with PPH. 2015 S.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Hypoglycemia was not associated with age, ethnicity, duration of insulin treatment, insulin dose or initial hemoglobin (HbA1c).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 is overexpressed in various cancers, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Also, it is known that insulin-like growth factor 2 is an etiology of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
- Although hyperinsulinism is the predominant inherited cause of hypoglycemia in the newborn period, inborn errors of metabolism are the primary etiologies after 1 month of age.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies.[icd9data.com]
- Also, it is known that insulin-like growth factor 2 is an etiology of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia. In this report, we describe a case of unexpected hypoglycemia caused by a dedifferentiated liposarcoma producing insulin-like growth factor 2.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- TC should be considered as a potential AN complication, but it may be triggered by hypoglycemia of any etiology. Longitudinal strain assessment is a convenient and accurate mode of LV function monitoring in TC patients. 2018 MEDPRESS.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- The identification of etiological cause of hypoglycemia in childhood may be challenging.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
- Few studies have examined the epidemiology of hypoglycemia in a community-based population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 1,206 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants with diagnosed diabetes (baseline: 1996-1998).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Epidemiology Hypoglycaemia is uncommon in people without diabetes [ 2 ]. Aetiology [ 2, 4 ] Alcohol is the most common non-iatrogenic (non-physician) cause of hypoglycaemia in adults.[patient.info]
Sex distribution
Age distribution
Pathophysiology
- Causes/Pathophysiology : Currently idiopathic.[pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
- Physiology and pathophysiology To understand the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, one must comprehend some basic normal physiology and pathophysiology. The primary energy fuel for cells is glucose.[ems1.com]
- Thursday October 06, 2016 Many patients with diabetes often do not completely grasp the consequences of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on vascular health, and health care providers should not assume that a patient has been well educated on the pathophysiology[contemporaryclinic.pharmacytimes.com]
- Cryer PE (2002) The pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia in diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab 15: 330–333 Google Scholar 19. Heller SR (1999) Diabetic hypoglycaemia.[link.springer.com]
Prevention
- KEYWORDS: Inpatient diabetes; Inpatient hypoglycemia; Insulin therapy; Prediction and prevention of hypoglycemia[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Current approaches to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia include reduction in insulin dose or ingestion of carbohydrates, but these strategies may still result in hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Achieving optimal glucose control is necessary to prevent microvascular complications. Hypoglycemia can cause mild disturbances to daily life, but in severe cases can be fatal.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Finally, it examines the evidence for prevention and treatment of HU, and summarizes the effects of medications that may influence it.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]