Hypospadias occurs fairly frequently and is present in approximately 1 out of every 150 to 300 newborn boys. [chop.edu]

SRY gene is located in the Y chromosome and encodes a domain, present in many DNA-binding proteins, which could regulate testicular differentiation. [fertilitypedia.org]

Hypospadias is a condition present from birth in which the opening of a boy’s urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, isn’t located at the tip of the penis. [nyulangone.org]

Chordee (curvature of the penis with ventral shortening) is often present as well., , 3 Norton M.E. Callen’s ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. [ajog.org]

With 8 simulations of malformation of the urethra, the Hyspospadia Trainer (HPT) allows clinical analysis and surgical considerations for each case, according to its presentation. [gtsimulators.com]

• Falling

  […] or stops The catheter falls out Looking after the catheter and dressing After the operation, there will be a flexible plastic tube (catheter) in the urethra with a large dressing covering the penis. [gosh.nhs.uk]

  […] becomes infected (looks red, inflamed or is oozing) your child is not passing enough urine – the wee will become very dark in colour if this happens you have any concerns about the catheter, or it comes out before it is due to be removed the dressing falls [rch.org.au]

• Fishing

  The form and extent of malformation of the urethral opening varies as well and is in some cases widely gaping and resembling the mouth of a fish. A stenosis is rather rare. Further abnormalities in hypospadia concern the prepuce. [fertilitypedia.org]

  KM performed the BAC-FISH relevant confirmation. AW, TL, NR and JCLJ coordinated the study. All authors improved and approved the manuscript. [molecularcytogenetics.biomedcentral.com]

If the pediatrician detects hypospadias, they’ll refer you to a pediatric urologist for treatment. Hypospadias repair can correct the problem. Management and Treatment How is hypospadias treated? Surgery can correct hypospadias. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Some patients with hypospadias do not undergo any treatment besides observation, due to no symptoms or patient / family preference. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

Diagnosis and treatment Diagnosis and treatment Mild forms of hypospadia, in which normal sexual activity and a normal urine jet can be expected, often do not require treatment. [mariamiddelares.be]

Treatments Treatment for hypospadias depends on the type of defect the boy has. Most cases of hypospadias will need surgery to correct the defect. If surgery is needed, it is usually done when the boy is between the ages of 3–18 months old. [cdc.gov]

Ahmed Hadidi Position: CHAIRMAN PEDIATRIC SURGERY Specialist in Hypospadias HYPOSPADIAS Information about the Hypospadias-surgery PEDIATRIC SURGERY Information, meeting, treatment PROF. DR. HADIDI’S BLOG Blog and information about Prof. Dr. [hypospadie24.com]

Prognosis Results after surgery are most often good. In some cases, more surgery is needed to correct fistulas, narrowing of the urethra, or a return of the abnormal penis curve. [klinikadigjitale.net]

Prognosis The most frequent complications of hypospadias are stenosis of the urethral meatus and difficulty controlling the urinary stream. Hypospadias is treated with surgery. Prognosis is very favorable among cases of isolated hypospadias. [ajog.org]

Outlook / Prognosis What is the outlook for children with hypospadias? Hypospadias (and chordee) repair procedures are very successful. Most repairs last a lifetime. The penis has a normal, healthy function. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Subsequent assessment revealed a more balanced incidence among different race groups. [19] Prognosis With modern anesthetics, instruments, sutures, dressing materials, and antibiotics, hypospadias repair is considered generally successful. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In addition to the known enzyme defects (see above), most genes involved in the etiology of hypospadias are still unknown. [urology-textbook.com]

Etiology Many hypotheses have been proposed concerning the etiology of hypospadias, including genetic predisposition, inadequate hormonal stimulation prenatally, maternal-placental factors, and environmental influences. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Google Scholar, A variety of genetic, endocrine, and environmental etiologies have been proposed that may increase the risk of hypospadias. [ajog.org]

Etiology Several etiologies for hypospadias have been suggested, including genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] dermatopathology and pathology + Atlas of fetal pathology + Congenital malformations + Physiological developement of an embryo and fetus, growth and changes of the external shape + Congenital malformations and congenital anomalies + Basic terminology + Etiology [atlases.muni.cz]

Epidemiology The prevalence of hypospadias in Europe is approximately 18.6 per 10,000 births. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The classification of hypospadias depends on the position of the urethral meatus: Glanular Coronal Penile (distal-middle-proximal) Scrotal Perineal Epidemiology of Hypospadias 1–8/1000 births. Distal hypospadias are more often. [urology-textbook.com]

A joint international study on the epidemiology of hypospadias. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1986. 324:1-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Yu X, Nassar N, Mastroiacovo P, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Hypospadias is a congenital defect that is thought to occur during the embryologic development of the urethra, between 8 and 20 weeks' gestation. [emedicine.medscape.com]

CDC funds the Centers for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, which collaborate on large studies such as the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS; births 1997-2011) and the Birth Defects Study to Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS (BD-STEPS; began [cdc.gov]

He will be prescribed a medication to prevent bladder spasms during this time as well as an antibiotic to prevent infection. The most common complication of surgery is an urethrocutaneous fistula, or an opening between the urethra and penile skin. [texaschildrens.org]

Prevention Can I prevent hypospadias? Pregnant people can reduce the risk of their baby having hypospadias by practicing a healthy lifestyle: Don’t smoke or drink alcohol. Maintain a healthy weight. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/hypospadias.html. Accessed Aug. 14, 2016. Bouty A, et al. The genetic and environmental factors underlying hypospadias. Sexual Development. 2015;9:239. Riggin EA. [mayoclinic.org]

Can we prevent hypospadias?. Fertil. Steril. 2008; 89: e39 Rocheleau C.M. Romitti P.A. Dennis L.K. Pesticides and hypospadias: a meta-analysis. J. Pediatr. [jpurol.com]