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2.1
Hypothermia
Body Temperature Decreased

Images

WIKIDATA, Public Domain
WIKIDATA, CC BY 3.0
WIKIDATA, CC BY-SA 4.0
WIKIDATA, Public Domain

Presentation

The clinical presentation of hypothermia includes a spectrum of symptoms and is grouped into the following three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. Management depends on the degree of hypothermia present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Entire Body System

  • Hypothermia

    Hypothermia is classified as accidental or intentional, primary or secondary, and by the degree of hypothermia. [emedicine.com]

    Causes of hypothermia Hypothermia happens when your body gets too cold and your temperature drops below 35C. [nhs.uk]

    In severe hypothermia, core body temperature drops to 86 degrees or lower. What Causes Hypothermia? The causes of hypothermia include: Cold exposure. [web.archive.org]

  • Unconsciousness

    On arrival at the university hospital, she was unconscious and had dilated pupils. She was tachycardic with a body temperature of 33.5°C. She was transferred to the intensive care unit and TH was maintained with invasive cooling. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Usually, when the body temperature falls below 30°C a person will become unconscious. Hypothermic persons have to be retrieved in a horizontal position to avoid the so called rescue-collapse. [deutsche-flagge.de]

    Don't try to give fluids to an unconscious person. Continued If the hypothermic person is unconscious, or has no pulse or signs of breathing, call for emergency help right away. [webmd.com]

  • Fatigue

    […] definition noun Whether it was the beginnings of altitude sickness, hypothermia, or simply fatigue I have no idea. the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low. translation of 'hypothermia' अल्पताप, [helloenglish.com]

    History Humans have known for millennia that exposure to the cold could result in death and that fatigue or exhaustion make it worse. [verywellhealth.com]

    SUMMARY: A 59-year-old female presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, generalized weakness, chills, and fatigue and was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Some warning signs to look out for include: Hypothermia : nausea, fatigue, dizziness, irritability, euphoria or shivering. Heat stroke : sudden and severe fatigue, nausea, dizziness, light-headedness. [fitforwork.org]

    ‘Whether it was the beginnings of altitude sickness, hypothermia, or simply fatigue I have no idea.’ Origin Late 19th century: from hypo- ‘below’ + Greek thermē ‘heat’. Pronunciation hypothermia /ˌhʌɪpə(ʊ)ˈθəːmɪə/ [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

  • Pallor

    What to Do in Case of Hypothermia In adults, look for shivering, pallor, and drowsiness. In infants, look for bright red, cold skin and a low energy level. If you see symptoms of hypothermia, consider calling 911 immediately. [jamanetwork.com]

    […] phenothiazines hypnotics tranquillizers anti-depressants alcohol - Skin lesions: burns exfoliative dermatitis - Miscellaneous: major trauma debility steatorrhoea extensive Paget's disease Clinical features Appearance - grey colour due to combination of pallor [aic.cuhk.edu.hk]

    Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness Palpitations, tachycardia Sweating, feeling of warmth (sympathetic muscarinic rather than adrenergic) Pallor, coldness, clamminess Dilated pupils (mydriasis) Hunger, borborygmus Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort Headache [en.wikipedia.org]

  • Poikilothermia

    […] apparatus US3976056A (en) * 1974-05-18 1976-08-24 Peter Nelson Brawn Intermittent pressure pneumatic stocking US4758562A (en) * 1985-12-18 1988-07-19 Temple University Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Method for inducing hypothermia and/or poikilothermia [patents.google.com]

Cardiovascular

  • Weak Pulse

    The following are the most common symptoms of hypothermia: Confusion Sleepiness Fumbling hands Shivering and exhaustion Slow, slurred speech, or shallow breathing Weak pulse and/or low blood pressure Drowsiness A change in behavior or appearance during [hopkinsmedicine.org]

    According to Mayo Clinic, The Symptoms of Hypothermia Include: shivering slurred speech or mumbling slow, shallow breathing weak pulse clumsiness or lack of coordination drowsiness or very low energy confusion or memory loss loss of consciousness bright [statefarm.com]

Workup

EEG

  • Burst Suppression

    In both groups, if the results showed ongoing seizures, repeated propofol boluses were administered, followed by a maintenance intravenous infusion to obtain and maintain a burst-suppression EEG pattern for 24 hours. [nejm.org]

Treatment

We aimed to determine whether hypothermia treatment could remain effective within 12 h after birth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis

Prognosis of Hypothermia How is Hypothermia Treated? Hypothermia References What is Hypothermia Hypothermia will occur when the bodies natural defences against it (such as shivering and heat retention in body core) fail. [healthengine.com.au]

Abstract The prognosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to intoxication is dismal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis for people with mild hypothermia is generally good if they obtain the right treatment. [ada.com]

Etiology

Etiology Decreased heat production Several etiologies related to endocrine derangements may cause decreased heat production. These include hypopituitarism, hypoadrenalism, and hypothyroidism. [emedicine.com]

Epidemiology

Electronic address: [email protected] 2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens, Greece; European University Cyprus, Department of Health Science & Department [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Contact Information Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services PO Box 570 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Telephone: 573-751-6102 or (toll-free) 866-628-9891 Fax: 573-526-6946 Email: [email protected] [health.mo.gov]

Epidemiology US frequency Accurately estimating the incidence of hypothermia is impossible, as hospital encounters only represent the "tip of the iceberg" in that they reflect the more severe cases. [emedicine.com]

Pathophysiology

The aim of this review is to give an overview of the pathophysiological aspects of hypothermia and to illustrate different aspects relevant to forensic medical casework. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

References:[4][7] Hypothermia and frostbite Summary Etiology Pathophysiology Hypothermia Frostbite [amboss.com]

As it relates to cold water diving, the pathophysiology of immersion and mild to severe hypothermia is reviewed including thermoregulation and effects on organ systems. [archive.rubicon-foundation.org]

Prevention

To prevent neurological damage, therapeutic hypothermia was used, and she was cooled for 24 hours. After therapeutic hypothermia, her Glasgow coma score was 15, fortunately no sequela appeared. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Wear a hat or other protective covering to prevent body heat from escaping from your head, face and neck. Cover your hands with mittens instead of gloves. [web.archive.org]

Severely hypothermic patients must be handled as gently as possible to prevent cardiac arrhythmias. As in milder forms of hypothermia the most important principle is to prevent further heat loss with proper insulation. [northshorerescue.com]

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