[…] anastomosis and also pulmonary infection, but presenting good results with early and proper treatment; as for the other patients, two of the three submitted to transmediastinal esophagectomy presented pleural complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical presentation Primary achalasia Incidence was equally divided between males and females (males = 15 and females = 15). The mean age at presentation was 39 years (range, 18-74 years). Dysphagia was reported at presentation in all patients. [ijri.org]

• Laboratory Technician

  We acknowledge our collaborating clinical partners, all colleagues who contributed to patient recruitment, and our laboratory technicians and colleagues responsible for database management (for a complete list of all individuals, see the Supplementary [nature.com]

• Suggestibility

  BACKGROUND: It is suggested that the esophageal involvement caused by Chagas' disease and by idiopathic achalasia, although similar, shows some differences. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] monitoring to rule out gastroesophageal reflux disease and determine if abnormal reflux is being caused by treatment Esophagogastroduodenoscopy to rule out cancer of the GEJ or fundus Concomitant endoscopic ultrasonography if a tumor is suspected See Workup [reference.medscape.com]

Endoscopy The primary role of EGD in the workup of achalasia is focused on ruling out a mechanical obstruction or pseudoachalasia as they can mimic achalasia both clinically and manometrically (( 10, 32, 33 )). [gi.org]

[…] physical examination that not only focuses on current symptoms in the history of present illness but also addresses environmental exposures (i.e., infections) as well as family history, particularly of autoimmune diseases, can contribute to directing the workup [clinicaladvisor.com]

• HLA-DR1

  Crystal structure of the HLA-DM–HLA-DR1 complex defines mechanisms for rapid peptide selection. Cell 151, 1557–1568 (2012). 8. Khalil, H. et al. [nature.com]

CONCLUSION: Adequate comparative data are lacking to determine the ideal treatment of pediatric achalasia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Previous treatment except treatment with nitroderivatives 3. Ca++ channel blockers or sildenafil or dilation with Savary bougies or balloons of 2 cm diameter or smaller 4. Pseudo-achalasia 5. Mega-oesophagus (greater than 7 cm) 6. [isrctn.com]

[…] success, was similar with the two treatments. [nejm.org]

Subtyping of esophageal motility disorders with high resolution manometry has served to predict treatment outcomes and plan appropriate treatment. [omicsonline.org]

Prognosis The prognosis in IA patients is excellent. Most patients with IA who are appropriately treated have a normal life expectancy but the disease does recur and the patient may need intermittent treatment. [orpha.net]

The prognosis in achalasia patients is excellent. Most patients who are appropriately treated have a normal life expectancy but the disease does recur and the patient may need intermittent treatment. [regione.lazio.it]

The prognosis of this disease is good. Uroflowmetry, cystometry and micturating cysto-urethrography are mandatory for the correct diagnosis. © 1977 S. Karger AG, Basel Article / Publication Details First-Page Preview [karger.com]

Prognosis: 30% success after 1 dilatation, 60% after 2-3 dilatations, the remaining patients should be offered laparoscopic myotomy. Complication: perforation in 4% of the cases. [refluxmedical.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment is aimed at allowing adequate drainage of the esophagus into the stomach. [radiopaedia.org]

Abstract The most important etiologies of achalasia are idiopathic and related to Chagas' disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Although the precise etiology is unknown, it is often thought to be either autoimmune, viral immune, or neurodegenerative. [orpha.net]

[…] doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000780 CLINICAL REVIEWS Abstract Author Information Authors Article Metrics Metrics This review examines the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic achalasia. [journals.lww.com]

In the present study, we carried out an epidemiological survey and a genotype-phenotype (G×P) analysis to gain further insights into the etiology of achalasia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Karl-Peter Hopfner Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [nature.com]

Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy 4 Providence Cancer Center, Portland, Oregon, USA 5 Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 6 Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology [gut.bmj.com]

The pathophysiologic abnormalities may be the final result of several intermeshing mechanisms, and more than one single factor may cause the motor abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

1 Validation of new Japanese classification system for esophageal achalasia. ( 30771041 ) 2019 2 Corrigendum to: "Modern Management of Esophageal Achalasia: From Pathophysiology to Treatment," Curr Prob Surg 2018; 55 (1):1-38. ( 30777151 ) Schlottmann [malacards.org]

Comparison between idiopathic achalasia and achalasia caused by Chagas' disease: a review about the pathophysiology of the diseases. Arq Gastroenterol 2003;40:126-30. DOI PubMed 13. Herbella FAM, Oliveira DRFC, Del Grande JC. [misjournal.net]

Anti reflux surgery (Dor fundoplication) is performed to prevent reflux. Prevention One cannot prevent the development of Achalasia. Self test Swallowing difficulties may indicate the development of Achalasia. [refluxmedical.com]

[…] population-based cohort study. ( 29985997 ) Wiggins T...Hanna GB 2018 23 New endoscopic finding of esophageal achalasia with ST Hood short type: Corona appearance. ( 30063701 ) Shiwaku H...Hasegawa S 2018 24 Finger-guided Heller cardiomyotomy procedure to prevent [malacards.org]

How can achalasia be prevented? This disease cannot be prevented. There are no known prophylactic drugs or vaccines available. There are no known behavior factors that can prevent the disease, but behavioral changes can help with outcomes. [clinicaladvisor.com]

This could prevent sigmoid-type achalasia[ 37 - 39 ]. [wjgnet.com]

Laparoscopic myotomy with partial fundoplication is superior to other treatment methods because of its excellent efficacy and safety, and also prevent acid exposure in the distal esophagus. [ibimapublishing.com]