Aplastic anemia (AA) needs to be differentiated from hypoplastic MDS particularly primary hypoplastic refractory anemia (PHRA) because of the impact on management and prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Silberman S, Krmpotic E (1969) Refractory anemia with leukemic transformation and chromosomal change: a case report. Acta Haematol 41: 186–192 Google Scholar 32. [link.springer.com]

MDS indicates myelodysplastic syndrome; RA, refractory anemia ; RARS, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts; RAEB, refractory anemia with excess of blasts; RAEB-T, RAEB in transformation; AML, acute myelogenous leukemia; BM, bone marrow; NR, not [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Myelodysplastic syndrome lesions, low grade Myelodysplastic syndrome: Refractory anemia, without ringed sideroblasts, without excess blasts Refractory anemia Refractory anemia (clinical) Refractory anemia w excess blasts 1 Refractory anemia w ringed [icd9data.com]

Prevention - Refractory anemia Not supplied. Diagnosis - Refractory anemia Not supplied. Prognosis - Refractory anemia Median survival of RA may fall in the 27-50 month range. [checkorphan.org]

Edited by four leading surgical pathologists - Noel Weidner, MD, Richard J. Cote, MD, Saul Suster, MD and Lawrence M. [books.google.com]

Sideroblastic Anaemia ; Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, 2015 Mufti GJ, Bennett JM, Goasguen J, et al ; Diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndrome: International Working Group on Morphology of myelodysplastic syndrome (IWGM-MDS [patient.info]

[…] anemia (AA). 1 It is generally difficult to make an exact diagnosis based on the established diagnostic criteria because these disease entities overlap, and each diagnosis relies on a subjective judgement of the cell morphology by physicians and/or pathologists [hematology.org]

• Tissue iron overload from sideroblastic anemia may act similar to hereditary hemochromatosis with liver cirrhosis, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. [encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com]

Consequently, they can live long enough so that problems related to iron overload, including congestive heart failure and cirrhosis, become life-threatening issues. [sickle.bwh.harvard.edu]

Fred Ferri’s popular "5 books in 1" format provides quick guidance on menorrhagia, Failure to Thrive (FTT), Cogan’s syndrome, and much more. [books.google.com]

Patients without chronic diarrhea having clinical feature of recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting, failure to thrive or merely short stature and refractory anemia should prompt physician to think and investigate for celiac disease. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Ferri’s popular "5 books in 1" format provides quick guidance on short QT syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis, fungal meningitis, and much more. This medical reference makes the answers you need even easier to find - anytime, anywhere. [books.google.com]

Macrocytic anemia is usually caused by vitamin d eficiencies, alcohol use, medication s or thyroid. The term "macrocytic" refers to the enlarged size of the red blood cell s. [seer.cancer.gov]

anemia (rarely microcytic ) of refractory type ( refractory anemia ) Other possible findings Leukocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia Nucleated RBCs, ringed sideroblasts, Howell-Jolly bodies, basophilic stippling Neutrophils with hypolobulated nuclei Large [amboss.com]

This effectively ruled out ITP and we considered a diagnosis of 5q-syndrome, which is characterized by del(5q), macrocytic anemia, and normal or elevated platelet count [ 4 ]. [synapse.koreamed.org]

When the 5q- is the sole change and it is associated with hypolobated megakaryocytes in the BM, with macrocytic anemia, with normal or increased platelet count then the patient should be diagnosed as having the "5q- syndrome". [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

The deletion 5q syndrome is a unique form of myelodysplastic syndrome, occurring primarily in women in whom macrocytic anemia and thrombocytosis are typically present. Anemia in deletion 5q syndrome appears to be responsive to lenalidomide. [merckmanuals.com]