Presentation
The purpose of this case report is to present trench foot in a way that is relevant to emergency physicians and to provide an up-to-date summary of the history, case reports, physiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of this injury. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
A swab should be taken and P aeruginosa infection should be considered when patients present with these symptoms. [bjsm.bmj.com]
Often they may both be present at the same time. [neilhopkins.us]
The concluding chapter presents "real world" scenarios to run tactical teams through and lists recommended training programs and continuing education. [books.google.com]
Entire Body System
- Pain
In one 3-day military study, it was found that submersion in water allowing for a higher skin temperature resulted in worse skin maceration and pain. [en.wikipedia.org]
Hyperemic Phase Usually, within hours of rewarming, the extremities become hot, painful, and swollen. Within 24-36 hours the affected areas have increased pain to the slightest of touch. The pain is further enhanced by heat. [outdoorselfreliance.com]
Go to Common Causes of Foot Pain or Foot Pain Guide Page Last Updated: 14/01/19 Next Review Due: 14/01/21 This comments section is moderated occasionally and posteriorly by our editorial team. [foot-pain-explored.com]
Symptoms of trench foot include a tingling and/or itching sensation, pain, swelling, cold and blotchy skin, numbness, and a prickly or heavy feeling in the foot. The foot may be red, dry, and painful after it becomes warm. [cdc.gov]
This is followed by a period of intense hyperaemia, increased swelling, and severe pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Swelling
Trench foot is characterized by tissue swelling and pain that can become quite severe. [wikihow.com]
Your feet swell to two or three times their normal size and go completely dead. You could stick a bayonet into them and not feel a thing. If you are fortunate enough not to lose your feet and the swelling begins to go down. [spartacus-educational.com]
Ibuprofen (Advil) can help alleviate pain and swelling. If you can’t take ibuprofen, your doctor may recommend aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol) to reduce pain, but these don’t help with the swelling. [healthline.com]
This is followed by a period of intense hyperaemia, increased swelling, and severe pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Gangrene
If untreated, trench foot could turn gangrenous and result in amputation. Trench foot was a particular problem in the early stages of the war. [spartacus-educational.com]
See Also Infection Gangrene References CDC page on Trench Foot Links "Cold Hurts: Frostbite, Frostnip and Immersion Foot" book in .pdf format [tspwiki.com]
In extreme cases, blisters and ulcers develop, skin starts to peel off and tissues begin to die, resulting in gangrene. [foot-pain-explored.com]
In severe cases of trench foot where gangrene has set in, foot and lower leg amputation is usually required. Part 2 1 Don't stand in cold or cool water for long periods of time. [wikihow.com]
- Chills
The National Weather Service defines “wind chill” or “wind chill factor” as a measure of the effect of increased wind speeds that accelerate heat loss from exposed skin, during low temperature events and high wind events. [weatherbuild.co]
Rapid warming of chilled tissues is condemned. Cold therapy is of value for the relief of pain in the hyperaemic stage, but should not be used in the pre-hyperaemic stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Topic Resources In nonfreezing tissue injuries, parts of the skin are chilled but not frozen. Nonfreezing tissue injuries include frostnip, immersion foot, and chilblains. (See also Overview of Cold Injuries.) [merckmanuals.com]
Danzl, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine In nonfreezing tissue injuries, parts of the skin are chilled but not frozen. [msdmanuals.com]
- Turkish
Look up "immersion foot" at Merriam-Webster Look up "immersion foot" at dictionary.com In other languages: Spanish | French | Italian | Portuguese | Romanian | German | Dutch | Swedish | Russian | Polish | Czech | Greek | Turkish | Chinese | Japanese [wordreference.com]
Cardiovascular
- Cyanosis
FIGURE 88-1 The early hyperemic phase of trench foot with edema, cyanosis, and hemorrhagic crusts. ( Photograph courtesy of Steven M. Dean, DO .) [mhmedical.com]
Infected feet may become numb, affected by erythrosis (turning red) or cyanosis (turning blue) as a result of poor vascular supply, and feet may begin to have a decaying odor due to the possibility of the early stages of necrosis setting in. [swordofsurvival.com]
Affected feet may become numb, affected by erythrosis (turning red) or cyanosis (turning blue) as a result of poor vascular supply, and feet may begin to have a decaying odour due to the possibility of the early stages of necrosis setting in. [en.wikipedia.org]
Skin
- Blister
As the condition worsens, more blisters develop due to prolonged dampness which eventually covers the entire heel and/or other large, padded sections of the foot, especially the undersides as well as toes. [en.wikipedia.org]
To march all day in them with blistered feet must have been a torment... The men marched like beasts of burden with heavy packs on their backs, rifles and bandoliers of ammunition slung across their shoulders. [spartacus-educational.com]
- Ulcer
Advanced trench foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections; this is sometimes called tropical ulcer (jungle rot). If left untreated, trench foot usually results in gangrene, which can cause the need for amputation. [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] im·mer·sion foot | \ i-ˈmər-zhən-, -shən \ Medical Definition of immersion foot : a painful condition of the feet marked by inflammation and stabbing pain and followed by discoloration, swelling, ulcers, and numbness due to prolonged exposure to moist [merriam-webster.com]
Each layer in turn peels away resulting in deep, extremely tender, red ulcerations. Healing occurs only when the feet are cleaned, dried and exposed to air for weeks. [ipfs.io]
The result was something like severe chilblains, something like a burn: circulation slowed; feet became numb, swollen and white; sudden warming sometimes brought blisters and ulcers. The worst cases got gangrene, which meant amputation. [content.time.com]
Blistering or ulceration may occur. Chilblains most commonly affects the fingers and pretibial area and is self-limited. Occasionally, symptoms recur. [msdmanuals.com]
- Tropical Ulcer
Advanced trench foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections; this is sometimes called tropical ulcer (jungle rot). If left untreated, trench foot usually results in gangrene, which can cause the need for amputation. [swordofsurvival.com]
This progression may be referred to as jungle rot or tropical ulcer. Gangrene may result if the condition is left untreated. Involvement of the toes, heel and the entire foot is possible especially in severe cases which are left untreated. [allhealthsite.com]
- Thin Skin
Scarring is permanent with dry, thin skin that appears red for up to a year or more. The padding of the feet returns but healing can be painful as the nerves repair with characteristics of diabetic neuropathy. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Skin Disease
Effectively diagnose and treat a wide range of skin conditions with the latest edition of the highly regarded Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. The 12th edition of this classic reference, by esteemed authors William D. [books.google.com]
Musculoskeletal
- Foot Pain
Go to Common Causes of Foot Pain or Foot Pain Guide Page Last Updated: 14/01/19 Next Review Due: 14/01/21 This comments section is moderated occasionally and posteriorly by our editorial team. [foot-pain-explored.com]
Trench foot is characterized by tissue swelling and pain that can become quite severe. [wikihow.com]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
Suggestions See the help to know how search results can be improved Ask in our forum Send us email Definitions and Meaning of immersion foot in English noun resembling frostbite but without freezing; resulting from exposure to cold and wet English to [shabdkosh.com]
Symbols Support WR Privacy Policy Forums Suggestions immersion foot [links] ⓘ One or more forum threads is an exact match of your searched term in Spanish | in French | in Italian | English synonyms | English Usage | Conjugator | in context | images WR [wordreference.com]
If you find after several weeks of treatment that you continue to have problems, please consult your podiatrist or primary care doctor for suggestions. References References are pending. [myfootshop.com]
By following these simple suggestions you will always be able to stand on your own two feet. Your Feet [simplesurvival.net]
We suggest boots with thicker outers (leather or otherwise) that won’t be penetrated by snake fangs. [secretcompass.com]
Neurologic
- Confusion
The taxonomy of this disorder is confusing and the many colorful pseudonyms should probably be dropped in favor of a simple classification based on the temperature of the water and the duration of exposure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It can make you sleepy, confused, and clumsy. Because it happens gradually and affects your thinking, you may not realize you need help. That makes it especially dangerous. [icdlist.com]
Treatment
Most importantly, the appropriate treatment for immersion foot is different than the treatment for other freezing cold injuries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
TREATMENT. The objectives of treatment are to protect the frozen area from further injury, to thaw the affected area rapidly, and to be prepared to respond to circulatory or respiratory difficulties. Carefully assess and treat other injuries first. [tpub.com]
For more information on trench foot treatment and prevention, read the CDC Disaster Recovery Fact Sheet on trench foot or immersion foot. [offgridweb.com]
Treatment for immersion foot is similar to the treatment for frostbite. Take the following steps: Thoroughly clean and air dry your feet. Do not rub vigorously or towel dry. [tspwiki.com]
Always talk to your doctor before undergoing any treatment. [foot-pain-explored.com]
Prognosis
Prognosis depends upon severity. The extent of anaesthesia at 7-10 days has been found a useful guide to the latter, and has formed a basis of a method of classification. 10. Rapid warming of chilled tissues is condemned. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]
Prevention
Prevention is the key to prevent dehydration. The following are basic guidelines for the prevention of dehydration: • Always drink water when eating. Water is used and consumed as a part of the digestion process. [neilhopkins.us]
Prevention: Trench foot is easily prevented by keeping the feet warm and dry, and changing socks frequently when the feet cannot be kept dry. [swordofsurvival.com]
The OSHA Quick Card highlights the following five areas about cold stress during cold weather and low temperature events, for safety and health on the construction site: Common types of cold stress; Risk factors; Prevention by the employer; Prevention [weatherbuild.co]
How is trench foot prevented and treated? When possible, air-dry and elevate your feet, and exchange wet shoes and socks for dry ones to help prevent the development of trench foot. [cdc.gov]
Keep reading to learn more about trench foot and what steps you can take to treat and prevent it. [healthline.com]