An alternative diagnosis should be considered if failure to thrive is present. [patient.info]

H. pylori stool antigen was present in 31 (62%) of cases in contrast to 10 (20%) of controls (P [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infants presenting with these symptoms should be assessed by a qualified medical practitioner to rule out other diagnoses.4 In some cases, excessive crying may mean an infant is presenting in pain, needing urgent investigation (see “warning signals” in [nursinginpractice.com]

• Crying

  CONCLUSION: LGG in infants treated in tandem with behavioral support and a cow's milk elimination diet did not provide additional treatment effect for diary-verified colic crying although parental report of crying suggested the probiotic intervention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Differential Diagnosis Normal crying in infants without colic Overall, Infants cry 2.2 hours/day on average Crying duration peaks at 6 weeks and then decreases Assess for other etiology of excessive crying See Inconsolable Crying in Infants See Red Flags [fpnotebook.com]

• Hunting

  Perry R, Hunt K, Ernst E. Pediatrics. 2011 ; 127 : 720 – 733 Author Disclosure Drs Cohen, Albertini, and Serwint have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this In Brief. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

  Perry R, Hunt K, Ernst E. Nutritional supplements and other complementary medicines for infantile colic: A systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):720-733. [aetna.com]

  Perry, R, Hunt, K, Ernst, E. Nutritional supplements and other complementary medicines for infantile colic: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;127:720-733. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI [journals.sagepub.com]

  In: Beckerman, Brouillette, Hunt (eds.). Respiratory control disorders in infants and children. Baltimore, Williams, and Wilkins, 1992; 352-370. FROM THE INTERNET Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). Victor A. [rarediseases.org]

• Weakness

  BACKGROUND: Despite weak evidence, the use of acupuncture has increased in infantile colic. The only three randomized trials conducted evaluated standardized minimal acupuncture in one single point. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Five papers are therefore included in the table below Relevant Paper(s) Author, date and country Patient group Study type (level of evidence) Outcomes Key results Study Weaknesses Chau et al 2015 Canada 52 infants with colic that met modified Wessel†[bestbets.org]

  There is no safe and effective drug and the use of complementary medicine is increasing in spite of weak or no evidence. Acupuncture releases different neurotransmitters and hormones, is calming, gives pain reduction and affects digestion. [clinicaltrials.gov]

  […] small, loose, or hard) The doctor will likely do an exam to check if your baby is fussy for other reasons, such as: Food allergies or sensitivities to something in your diet, if you breastfeed Discomfort, such as if she is too hot or too cold Hunger or weakness [webmd.com]

• Fatigue

  many of the above interventions only briefly console infants and the crying returns as soon as the stimulation or activity stops, leaving infants even more fatigued. [msdmanuals.com]

  Crying, frustration, and fatigue can inflict enormous emotional strain on new parents, leading to anxiety, stress, marital discord, and low self-esteem as a parent. 13 When we combine these social effects with the increased risks to affected infants and [naturalmedicinejournal.com]

• Irritable Infant

  Rabbitt, Irritable Infant, Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis, 10.1016/B978-0-323-39956-2.00026-1, (411-420.e2), (2018). [doi.org]

  Fever (>38 degrees C, 100.4 degrees F, rectal) in an infant less than twelve weeks of age.. .. .. 2. Paradoxical irritability (infant doesn't want to be held).. .. .. 3. [hawaii.edu]

  Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole in irritable infants with gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr. 2003;143(2):219–223. 27. Iacovou M, Ralston RA, Muir J, et al. Dietary management of infantile colic: a systematic review. [aafp.org]

• Lactose Intolerance

  Baby colic may be associated with cow's milk allergy or lactose intolerance in some cases.[5]. [patient.info]

  Lactose intolerance is a relatively rare cause of colic. [ada.com]

  An equally unlikely theory concerns lactose intolerance. The small intestines of affected adults can't absorb lactose, which then passes directly into the colon. There, bacteria feast on lactose, creating hydrogen gas as a waste product. [web.archive.org]

  This should be followed by medical assessment and a treatment trial for any suspected organic cause i.e. transient lactose intolerance, cows’ milk protein allergy, constipation or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). [jfhc.co.uk]

• Abdominal Pain

  In colicky infants, dysbiosis may affect gut motor function and gas production resulting in abdominal pain/colic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms: Paroxysms (sudden attacks) of crying Apparent abdominal pain Irritability Suggestions: Some doctors believe that colic exists in order to change deeply ingrained relationship habits. Colic demands attention. [himalayawellness.com]

• Flatulence

  Aerophagia caused by crying may lead to flatulence and abdominal distension. infantile colic Colic occurring in infants, principally during the first few months of life. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  It improves appetite, promotes the feeling of well-being, regularizes bowel movements and controls flatulence, colic pain and other digestive disturbances. [himalayawellness.com]

  Excessive crying may cause aerophagia, which results in flatulence and abdominal distention. Typically, colicky infants eat and gain weight well, although vigorous nonnutritive sucking may suggest excessive hunger. [merckmanuals.com]

• Food Intolerance

  If food intolerance is suspected in a baby with infantile colic (ie atopy risk, other signs or symptoms of food intolerance) then some experts recommend a short trial with an extensively hydrolysed cow's milk protein formula or, if breast-fed, with a [patient.info]

  Severe infantile colic and food intolerance: A long-term prospective study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991;12:332-5. Jakobsson I, Lindberg T. Cow’s milk as a cause of infantile colic in breast-fed infants. Lancet 1978;2:437-9. [lucperino.com]

  However, a dairy or food intolerance is rarely a cause of colic unless other symptoms such as vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, or poor weight gain are present. Coping with excessive crying can be difficult for parents. [msdmanuals.com]

• Nausea

  […] abdominal tenderness R10.825 Periumbilic rebound abdominal tenderness R10.826 Epigastric rebound abdominal tenderness R10.827 Generalized rebound abdominal tenderness R10.83 Colic R10.84 Generalized abdominal pain R10.9 Unspecified abdominal pain R11 Nausea [icd10data.com]

  Fang Ruida more than once stressed that his ideas, theories and doctrines from all over the world, rather than his personal nausea. [flickr.com]

  Rhinoconjunctivitis Bronchial asthma T cell-mediated (with or without involvement of IgE) Delayed type reaction > 24 hours after food ingestion In infants and adults Baker’s asthma in adults Gastrointestinal tract Colitis Diarrhea Gastroenteritis Anorexia Nausea [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Erythema

  […] pyloric mass or “olive” in right midepigastrium, visualization of gastric peristalsis with feeding Ultrasonography of pylorus No clinical signs or symptoms Anal fissure Bloody or painful bowel movements Fissure None Corneal abrasion Tearing Conjunctival erythema [aafp.org]

• Facial Redness

  […] causes such as cow’s milk protein intolerance (CMPI), infections, constipation and gastro-oesophageal reflux have been excluded, an infant in the first four months of life who is troubled by unexplained bouts of irritability or screaming, fussiness, facial [prescriber.co.uk]

• Suggestibility

  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota in subjects with infantile colic differs from the gut microbiota in an unaffected population. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This research suggests that colic is a normal developmental stage, rather than a medical condition. L. Reuteri Probiotics 2007 research which suggests that the use of L. Reuteri probiotics in infants can ease the symptoms of colic. [curlie.org]

  Three of the 5 management trials concluded probiotics effectively treat colic in breastfed babies; 1 suggested possible effectiveness in formula-fed babies with colic, and 1 suggested ineffectiveness in breastfed babies with colic. [doi.org]

• Hunger

  Features of colic may include the following: Intense crying that may seem more like screaming or an expression of pain Crying for no apparent reason, unlike crying to express hunger or the need for a diaper change Extreme fussiness even after crying has [mayoclinic.org]

  […] big or small, loose, or hard) The doctor will likely do an exam to check if your baby is fussy for other reasons, such as: Food allergies or sensitivities to something in your diet, if you breastfeed Discomfort, such as if she is too hot or too cold Hunger [webmd.com]

  Typically, colicky infants eat and gain weight well, although vigorous nonnutritive sucking may suggest excessive hunger. Colic probably has no relation to development of an insistent, impatient personality. [merckmanuals.com]

• Fear

  (UNDILUTED JUICES) • PRESENCE OF EXCESSIVE ANGER,FEAR,ANXIETY,EXCITEMENT IN THE FAMILY 10. [slideshare.net]

  By JEN GUNTER Photo Credit iStock Doctors Treating a Patient With a Nightmarish Condition She had lost all of her skin and I feared I had helped make her last weeks an unrelenting horror show, until our chance reunion. By ALESSANDRA COLAIANNI, M.D. [nytimes.com]

  When the anxiety, fear, and tension get to be too much (or perhaps an hour before!), try to have someone else watch the baby, even for an hour, and leave the house. Try to keep a positive attitude. [medicinenet.com]

• Anger

  (UNDILUTED JUICES) • PRESENCE OF EXCESSIVE ANGER,FEAR,ANXIETY,EXCITEMENT IN THE FAMILY 10. [slideshare.net]

  Research has shown an association between colic and the following problems with parent well-being: Increased risk of postpartum depression in mothers Early cessation of breast-feeding Feelings of guilt, exhaustion, helplessness or anger Shaken baby syndrome [mayoclinic.org]

  Depression and anger in fathers of unsettled infants: A community cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health. 53(2):131-135. Lopes NR and Williams LC. 2016. Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Initiatives: A Literature Review. [parentingscience.com]

  […] babies: Overfeeding in an attempt to lessen the crying Feeding certain foods, especially those with high sugar content (for example, undiluted juices), may increase the amount of gas in the intestine and worsen the situation The presence of excessive anger [medicinenet.com]

• Anxiety Disorder

  Maternal anxiety disorders predict excessive infant crying: a prospective longitudinal study. Arch. Dis. Child. 99, 800–806 (2014). 123. Canivet, C. A., Ostergren, P.-O., Rosén, A.-S., Jakobsson, I. L. & Hagander, B. M. [nature.com]

• Irritability

  Abstract We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of dicyclomine hydrochloride using specific diagnostic criteria for infantile colic: spells of unexplained irritability, agitation, fussiness or crying lasting [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Abstract Infantile colic is characterized by excessive crying with irritability which seen in healthy and normally growth infants. Fussing of a healty infant can become an important problem for parents and clinicians. [scopemed.org]

  Colic also refers to gastric disorders or other digestive irritability in infants up to the age of three months. [himalayawellness.com]

  Anti-reflux medication to manage persistent infant irritability is not recommended gastro-oesophageal reflux disease may be secondary to cow milk / soy protein intolerance Lactose overload / malabsorption primary lactose intolerance is extremely rare [rch.org.au]

• Behavior Problem

  Posted: Nov 23, 2018 Infantile colic is the most prevalent digestive/behavioral problem in 1−4-month-old infants involving long periods of crying and hard-to-soothe behavior. [nestlenutrition-institute.org]

  While the vast majority of infants with colic will recover uneventfully, some may be at risk for the later development of behavioral problems and atopy/allergy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Excessive infant crying doubles the risk of mood and behavioral problems at age 5: evidence for mediation by maternal characteristics. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 26(3):293-302. Talachian E, Bidari A, Rezaie MH. 2008. [parentingscience.com]

  There is also evidence linking excessive crying early in life with preschool adaptive problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other behavioral problems, as well as being associated with maternal anxiety and depression. [statpearls.com]

  Additionally, the parent may not properly bond with the child because of feelings of inadequacy and anger, leading to developing behavioral problems as the child grows. No one knows for sure what causes colic, although there are many theories. [health.cvs.com]

• Agitation

  Abstract We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of dicyclomine hydrochloride using specific diagnostic criteria for infantile colic: spells of unexplained irritability, agitation, fussiness or crying lasting [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Paroxysms of irritability, agitation or crying for more than three hours per day on three days per week at least three weeks called infantile colic. This problem usually resolves spontaneously by the age of three months. [scopemed.org]

  Results showed that the number of infants presenting a reduction in daily crying duration higher than 25% in the first 15 days of study did not differ between groups, but irritability and agitation without crying decreased more with the probiotic than [omicsonline.org]

[…] may be worthwhile; positive results may indicate an underlying GI problem Stool may be tested for occult blood to rule out cow’s milk allergy Irritability and crying may be associated with GERD because of the pain associated with esophagitis See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

However, the presence of fever may necessitate a workup for sepsis and involve blood and urine cultures, imaging and even lumbar puncture. [statpearls.com]

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Colic treatment models used in this study can be used by nurses in neonatal and primary healthcare settings as an aid to families for the treatment of infantile colic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neither concomitant treatments nor side effects were reported. [n.neurology.org]

Although some studies have shown that Lactobacillus reuteri may be effective as a treatment strategy for crying in exclusively breast-fed infants with colic, the evidence supporting probiotic use for the treatment of infant colic or crying in formula-fed [patient.info]

Prognosis The prognosis is excellent. Most infants with colic recover spontaneously by 3-4 months of age. [patient.info]

This app have lot of information of symptoms, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment & etc. Note: All information about the application is for educational purposes only. For specific advice, diagnoses, and medical care, consult your doctor. [play.google.com]

Causes Unknown[1] Diagnostic method Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes[1] Differential diagnosis Corneal abrasion, hair tourniquet, hernia, testicular torsion[2] Treatment Conservative treatment, extra support for the parents[1][3] Prognosis [en.wikipedia.org]

Prognosis Infantile colic is a benign and self-limiting condition that typically resolves spontaneously by three months of age. [statpearls.com]

Etiology Unknown cause Two fold risk associated with maternal smokers Thoroughly studied with inconclusive results Hyperperistalsis Cow's Milk Allergy (may account for 10-15% of colic) Lactose Intolerance Parent or Infant relationship disturbance Neurophysiologic [fpnotebook.com]

The etiology of infantile colic has yet to be definitively elucidated, but there is increasing research to support its relationship to migraine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

REVIEW ARTICLE Corresponding Author E-mail address: camilleri.m[email protected] Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College [doi.org]

[…] disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity Clinical Review State of the Art Review BMJ 2015 ; 351 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4347 (Published 05 October 2015) Cite this as: BMJ 2015;351:h4347 Benjamin Lebwohl, assistant professor of medicine and epidemiology [dx.doi.org]

At that time little evidence regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, treatment strategies and follow-up was available. Consequently the criteria for the clinical entities were more experience than evidence based. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Baby colic is very common, occurring in round 10-30% of infants[1]. It affects males and females equally. Breast-fed and formula-fed infants are equally affected. [patient.info]

Pathophysiology has been described in various ways in different studies and yet not conclusive. [banglajol.info]

However, the pathophysiological clues indicate that infantile colic is a shared pathology between the mother and the baby, especially in the case of breastfeeding mothers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiology of this clinical phenotype is poorly understood, but it is a cause of increasing interest in gluten-free diets in the general population. [dx.doi.org]

Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology IRCCS Bari Italy [link.springer.com]

We aimed to evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of probiotics for treating and preventing infantile colic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Objective To examine whether probiotics are effective in the prevention/management of crying (“colic”) in infants 3 months or younger. [doi.org]