الصفحة xxxiv - Preparing for class is easy with the resources found on this CD-ROM, including: • PowerPoint™ Presentations, providing you with a powerful way to make presentations that are both educational and engaging to your students. ‏ [books.google.com]

Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Complete Course Description Course Target Audience The information presented will be of interest to state and local first responders, EMTs, paramedics, emergency physicians, emergency response coordinators, [acmt.net]

The physiological response to various concentrations of hydrogen cyanide is presented in Table II. Table II. [web.mit.edu]

Rather, it is essential to be able to recognize when any potential airway compromise is present. [emsworld.com]

• Fatigue

  Persons who survive acute poisoning may require months of recuperation characterized by fatigue, headache, lack of initiative, irritability, and loss of equilibrium. [usada.org]

  These include headache, decreased vision, fatigue, shortness of breath and loss of consciousness. [dpic.org]

  […] within 10 minutes with 100 ppm; ‘loss of warning properties’ Low level: 10 ppm muscle fatigue on chronic exposure 50 ppm: Rapid onset of upper respiratory mucosal irritation: ocular pain, keratitis, cough, sore throat, corneal ulceration October 28, [slideplayer.com]

  When oxygen levels are at... ...a person experiences: 21 percent Normal outside air 17 percent Impaired judgment and coordination 12 percent Headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue 9 percent Unconsciousness 6 percent Respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, death [nfpa.org]

  Long-term exposure can result in shortness of breath, chronic cough, and significant weight loss, accompanied with fatigue and general weakness. Iron Oxide: Iron is the principal alloying element in steel manufacture. [seegerweiss.com]

• Asymptomatic

  24 hours if pregnant — the role of hyperbaric oxygen is controversial Supportive care and monitoring Disposition if no other injuries and asymptomatic at 6 hours then smoke inhalation patients can be discharge home with GP follow up patients with any [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  Toxic Inhalation October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 18 Acute carbon monoxide poisoning: Management Removal from exposure 100% oxygen therapy Promotes tissue oxygenation Enhance CO elimination Half-life of 1-2 hours Treat until patients become asymptomatic [slideplayer.com]

  […] and reduction of cough Consider nebulized sodium bicarbonate Consider inhaled or parenteral corticosteroids Copious saline irrigation for skin or eye exposures Consider admission and observation for the following patients, even if they are initially asymptomatic [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Cough

  Exposure to chloramine gases can cause the following symptoms: Coughing. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Watery eyes. Chest pain. Irritation to the throat, nose, and eyes. Wheezing. Pneumonia and fluid in the lungs. [doh.wa.gov]

  This can cause mucosal sloughing and hemorrhage, which often manifests itself as coughing and hemoptysis. [resusreview.com]

  Nonsoluble gases cause fewer immediate symptoms but can cause dyspnea or cough. Patients who develop ARDS have worsening dyspnea and increasing oxygen requirements. [merckmanuals.com]

  sore throat, corneal ulceration October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 32 Hydrogen sulfide poisoning 250 ppm: systemic effects of cellular anoxia Dyspnea, cough, tachypnea, chest pain Headache, dizziness, lethargy, confusion, delirium, seizures [slideplayer.com]

  Short term health effects are of inhaling welding smoke are: Irritation of the eyes, nose, and chest Coughing Shortness of breath Bronchitis Fluid in the lungs (Edema) Inflammation of the lungs (Pneumonitis) Loss of appetite Cramps Nausea / Vomiting Long [kemperamerica.com]

• Dyspnea

  Nonsoluble gases cause fewer immediate symptoms but can cause dyspnea or cough. Patients who develop ARDS have worsening dyspnea and increasing oxygen requirements. [merckmanuals.com]

  […] asphyxia Situations: Confined space High ambient concentration -- compressed liquefied gas October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 5 Simple asphyxiants: Clinical manifestations Symptoms of hypoxia CVS and CNS effects predominate No hypercapnia No dyspnea [slideplayer.com]

  However, in some cases disabling long-term sequelae, eg, bronchiectasis, chronic airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma-like disease (reactive airways dysfunction syndrome), bronchiolitis obliterans, or residual psychophysiologic dyspnea [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] inhalation effects if exposed to fire in a confined space assess for airway injury and respiratory compromise — features of airway burns — upper airways: singed nasal airs, facial burns, soot in nose and pharynx, stridor, hoarseness — lower airways: wheeze, dyspnea [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  She had severe resting dyspnea during the second hour, diffuse crackles/rhonchi on auscultation, and a partial pressure of oxygen of 32 mm Hg breathing room air. The radiograph shows diffuse pulmonary edema without significant cardiomegaly. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Rales

  […] mild irritation LD50 for 1 hour exposure = 175 ppm Acute phase: Mucosal irritation (may last up to 2 weeks), methemoglobinemia October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 47 Gases and Toxic Inhalation Nitrogen dioxide Delayed: 3-36 hours Fever dyspnea rales [slideplayer.com]

  […] following: Acne (chloracne) Chest pain Cough Sore throat Hemoptysis Findings on physical examination may include the following: Tachypnea Cyanosis (most prevalent during exertion) Tachycardia Wheezing Intercostal retractions Decreased breath sounds Rales [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Auscultation may reveal a variety of findings, such as absent or diminished sounds, wheezing, rales (crackles) or rhonchi. [emsworld.com]

• Hemoptysis

  This can cause mucosal sloughing and hemorrhage, which often manifests itself as coughing and hemoptysis. [resusreview.com]

  Marked cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, retching, and dyspnea are common. The upper airway may be obstructed by edema, secretions, or laryngospasm. Severity is generally dose-related. [merckmanuals.com]

  […] exposure): Corneal burns and ulcerations may occur from splash exposure to high-concentration chlorine products Esophageal perforation Chronic exposure Manifestations of chronic exposure include the following: Acne (chloracne) Chest pain Cough Sore throat Hemoptysis [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Tachypnea

  2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 12 Gases and Toxic Inhalation October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 13 Acute carbon monoxide poisoning ‘Flu-like symptoms’ Headache and dizziness Nausea, weakness, difficulty with concentration Mild tachycardia and tachypnea [slideplayer.com]

  […] high-concentration chlorine products Esophageal perforation Chronic exposure Manifestations of chronic exposure include the following: Acne (chloracne) Chest pain Cough Sore throat Hemoptysis Findings on physical examination may include the following: Tachypnea [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Heart Disease

  Lung Cancer Cancer of the Larynx Cancer of the Urinary Tract Parkinson’s Disease Skin Diseases Hearing Loss Gastritis, ulcers of the stomach Kidney damage Infertility Heart disease Individual toxic fumes that cause certain health problems: Chromium – [kemperamerica.com]

  Tobacco use is related to cancer of the lung, mouth, throat, kidney, and bladder; heart disease such as heart attack and stroke; emphysema and chronic bronchitis; and tooth loss and gum disease. Written and reviewed by the MediResource Clinical Team [medbroadcast.com]

  The Weld County coroner confirmed what many believed, ruling his death while servicing one of the county’s oil wells was caused by heart disease. [denverpost.com]

  Ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias and complications of IHD October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 15 Acute carbon monoxide poisoning: Diagnosis History: exposure history Acute unconsciousness/ acute metabolic acidosis Pulse oximetry may [slideplayer.com]

  Patients with a history of respiratory illness, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or underlying heart disease, may be at greater risk and may have greater complications from asphyxiation and subsequent tissue hypoxia. 4–6,8,21–23 A rapid yet [emsworld.com]

• Conjunctival Injection

  injection, chemosis, skin irritation Gases with good water solubility Upper airway obstruction October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 37 Irritant gases: Clinical manifestations Prolonged exposure Gases without rapid onset of manifestation Entry [slideplayer.com]

• Blurred Vision

  If you use bleach and experience shortness of breath, throat swelling, dizziness or blurred vision, vomiting or presence of blood in your urine or stool, call your local poison hotline immediately. Bleach and outdoor furniture don’t mix. [cleaningservicegotham.com]

• Slurred Speech

  Other signs include: watery eyes slurred speech drunken appearance excitability sudden weight loss chemical smells on the clothing or breath paint stains on the clothing, face, or hands lack of coordination hidden empty spray cans or rags soaked in chemicals [healthline.com]

See Workup for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment: Both hydroxocobalamine or a combination of nitrite/sodium thiosulfate are approved for treatment of cyanide poisoning in the United States. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Treatment is urgently required. Transport to a hospital. Ingestion: Not applicable (gas). First Aid Comments: Some of the first aid procedures recommended here require advanced first aid training. [ccohs.ca]

Call Substance Abuse Treatment Facility Locator from the National Institute on Drug Abuse at 1-800-662-HELP if you need information or advice about treatment, or if you are addicted and want to stop now. [healthline.com]

Inhalation 7 Simple asphyxiants: specific agents Noble gases: Helium, argon, xenon Short chain-aliphatic hydrocarbon gases: methane, ethane, propane, butane Carbon dioxide Nitrogen gases October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 8 Simple asphyxiants: treatment [slideplayer.com]

Since poisons work in different ways depending on the amount and type ingested, it is important to consult with a doctor or a poison control center to seek advice for treatment. More [sharecare.com]

Prognosis A majority of the patients with mild to moderate irritant exposure have a self-limited course with full recovery seen within 48 to 72 hours. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Ammonia Gas Properties, Exposure Pathology, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis The following information about exposure to ammonia gas hazards is based on information from U.S. [inspectapedia.com]

In addition, chlorine can be used in sabotage, warfare, and terrorist actions. [22, 23] For example, insurgents in Iraq incorporated chlorine tanks in vehicle-based improvised explosive device attacks. [24] Prognosis Most individuals exposed to chlorine [emedicine.medscape.com]

See Etiology. The respiratory and mucous membrane irritant effects of chlorine have been well known for many years. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Seite 441 - Becklake MR: Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. ‎ Seite 279 - Intravascular activation of complement and acute lung injury. [books.google.de]

الصفحة 441 - Becklake MR: Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. ‏ الصفحة 279 - Intravascular activation of complement and acute lung injury. [books.google.com]

Epidemiology Due to lack of consistent diagnostic methods, the incidence of inhalation injury from all chemical irritants is not readily available. [clinicaladvisor.com]

48 Introduction Epidemiology The global burden of disease represented by inhalation injuries continues to grow. Industrialization of developing nations results in increased morbidity and mortality. [clinicalgate.com]

The pathophysiology of the injury is multifaceted and induces distant organ dysfunction ( Fig. 48.1 ). [clinicalgate.com]

Pathophysiology Chlorine is a greenish-yellow, noncombustible gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Inhalation of toxic gases leads to injury through a variety of mechanisms. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Fein A, Leff A, Hopewell PC (1980) Pathophysiology and management of the complications resulting from fire and the inhaled products of combustion. Crit Care Med 8:94–98. PubMed Google Scholar 50. [link.springer.com]

Ryles tube was inserted and nasogastric feeds were started to prevent gut bacterial translocation. Patient was kept adequately warm and hypothermia preventive measures were instituted. [medcraveonline.com]

These can be prevented by regular cleaning. Electrical. Flipping a light switch. Plugging in a coffeemaker. Charging a laptop computer. [nfpa.org]

Stay up-to-date with the latest information on advances in burn prevention, education, and research – on your computer or on the go. [journals.lww.com]

The PIR itself is flammable, but the aluminium foil is designed to prevent it catching fire. [telegraph.co.uk]

Mercury: Compounds used to coat metals to prevent rust or inhibit foliage growth (marine paints). Under the intense heat of the arc or gas flame, mercury vapors will be produced. [seegerweiss.com]