الصفحة xxxiv - Preparing for class is easy with the resources found on this CD-ROM, including: • PowerPoint™ Presentations, providing you with a powerful way to make presentations that are both educational and engaging to your students. ‏ [books.google.com]

The physiological response to various concentrations of hydrogen cyanide is presented in Table II. Table II. [web.mit.edu]

Chemical Agents of Opportunity for Terrorism Complete Course Description Course Target Audience The information presented will be of interest to state and local first responders, EMTs, paramedics, emergency physicians, emergency response coordinators, [acmt.net]

In the present case the noxious agents appear to have been methane and cyanide. [jcp.bmj.com]

• Cough

  This can cause mucosal sloughing and hemorrhage, which often manifests itself as coughing and hemoptysis. [resusreview.com]

  Exposure to chloramine gases can cause the following symptoms: Coughing. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Watery eyes. Chest pain. Irritation to the throat, nose, and eyes. Wheezing. Pneumonia and fluid in the lungs. [doh.wa.gov]

  Nonsoluble gases cause fewer immediate symptoms but can cause dyspnea or cough. Patients who develop ARDS have worsening dyspnea and increasing oxygen requirements. [merckmanuals.com]

  sore throat, corneal ulceration October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 32 Hydrogen sulfide poisoning 250 ppm: systemic effects of cellular anoxia Dyspnea, cough, tachypnea, chest pain Headache, dizziness, lethargy, confusion, delirium, seizures [slideplayer.com]

  Short term health effects are of inhaling welding smoke are: Irritation of the eyes, nose, and chest Coughing Shortness of breath Bronchitis Fluid in the lungs (Edema) Inflammation of the lungs (Pneumonitis) Loss of appetite Cramps Nausea / Vomiting Long [kemperamerica.com]

• Dyspnea

  Nonsoluble gases cause fewer immediate symptoms but can cause dyspnea or cough. Patients who develop ARDS have worsening dyspnea and increasing oxygen requirements. [merckmanuals.com]

  […] asphyxia Situations: Confined space High ambient concentration -- compressed liquefied gas October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 5 Simple asphyxiants: Clinical manifestations Symptoms of hypoxia CVS and CNS effects predominate No hypercapnia No dyspnea [slideplayer.com]

  However, in some cases disabling long-term sequelae, eg, bronchiectasis, chronic airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma-like disease (reactive airways dysfunction syndrome), bronchiolitis obliterans, or residual psychophysiologic dyspnea [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] inhalation effects if exposed to fire in a confined space assess for airway injury and respiratory compromise — features of airway burns — upper airways: singed nasal airs, facial burns, soot in nose and pharynx, stridor, hoarseness — lower airways: wheeze, dyspnea [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  She had severe resting dyspnea during the second hour, diffuse crackles/rhonchi on auscultation, and a partial pressure of oxygen of 32 mm Hg breathing room air. The radiograph shows diffuse pulmonary edema without significant cardiomegaly. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Rales

  […] mild irritation LD50 for 1 hour exposure = 175 ppm Acute phase: Mucosal irritation (may last up to 2 weeks), methemoglobinemia October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 47 Gases and Toxic Inhalation Nitrogen dioxide Delayed: 3-36 hours Fever dyspnea rales [slideplayer.com]

  […] following: Acne (chloracne) Chest pain Cough Sore throat Hemoptysis Findings on physical examination may include the following: Tachypnea Cyanosis (most prevalent during exertion) Tachycardia Wheezing Intercostal retractions Decreased breath sounds Rales [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Auscultation may reveal a variety of findings, such as absent or diminished sounds, wheezing, rales (crackles) or rhonchi. [emsworld.com]

• Hemoptysis

  This can cause mucosal sloughing and hemorrhage, which often manifests itself as coughing and hemoptysis. [resusreview.com]

  Marked cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, retching, and dyspnea are common. The upper airway may be obstructed by edema, secretions, or laryngospasm. Severity is generally dose-related. [merckmanuals.com]

  […] exposure): Corneal burns and ulcerations may occur from splash exposure to high-concentration chlorine products Esophageal perforation Chronic exposure Manifestations of chronic exposure include the following: Acne (chloracne) Chest pain Cough Sore throat Hemoptysis [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Tachypnea

  2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 12 Gases and Toxic Inhalation October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 13 Acute carbon monoxide poisoning ‘Flu-like symptoms’ Headache and dizziness Nausea, weakness, difficulty with concentration Mild tachycardia and tachypnea [slideplayer.com]

  […] high-concentration chlorine products Esophageal perforation Chronic exposure Manifestations of chronic exposure include the following: Acne (chloracne) Chest pain Cough Sore throat Hemoptysis Findings on physical examination may include the following: Tachypnea [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Conjunctival Injection

  injection, chemosis, skin irritation Gases with good water solubility Upper airway obstruction October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 37 Irritant gases: Clinical manifestations Prolonged exposure Gases without rapid onset of manifestation Entry [slideplayer.com]

• Blurred Vision

  If you use bleach and experience shortness of breath, throat swelling, dizziness or blurred vision, vomiting or presence of blood in your urine or stool, call your local poison hotline immediately. Bleach and outdoor furniture don’t mix. [cleaningservicegotham.com]

See Workup for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment: Both hydroxocobalamine or a combination of nitrite/sodium thiosulfate are approved for treatment of cyanide poisoning in the United States. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Treatment is urgently required. Transport to a hospital. Ingestion: Not applicable (gas). First Aid Comments: Some of the first aid procedures recommended here require advanced first aid training. [ccohs.ca]

Call Substance Abuse Treatment Facility Locator from the National Institute on Drug Abuse at 1-800-662-HELP if you need information or advice about treatment, or if you are addicted and want to stop now. [healthline.com]

Inhalation 7 Simple asphyxiants: specific agents Noble gases: Helium, argon, xenon Short chain-aliphatic hydrocarbon gases: methane, ethane, propane, butane Carbon dioxide Nitrogen gases October 28, 2003 Gases and Toxic Inhalation 8 Simple asphyxiants: treatment [slideplayer.com]

Since poisons work in different ways depending on the amount and type ingested, it is important to consult with a doctor or a poison control center to seek advice for treatment. More [sharecare.com]

Prognosis A majority of the patients with mild to moderate irritant exposure have a self-limited course with full recovery seen within 48 to 72 hours. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Ammonia Gas Properties, Exposure Pathology, Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis The following information about exposure to ammonia gas hazards is based on information from U.S. [inspectapedia.com]

In addition, chlorine can be used in sabotage, warfare, and terrorist actions. [22, 23] For example, insurgents in Iraq incorporated chlorine tanks in vehicle-based improvised explosive device attacks. [24] Prognosis Most individuals exposed to chlorine [emedicine.medscape.com]

See Etiology. The respiratory and mucous membrane irritant effects of chlorine have been well known for many years. [emedicine.medscape.com]

الصفحة 441 - Becklake MR: Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. ‏ الصفحة 279 - Intravascular activation of complement and acute lung injury. [books.google.com]

Seite 441 - Becklake MR: Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. ‎ Seite 279 - Intravascular activation of complement and acute lung injury. [books.google.de]

Epidemiology Due to lack of consistent diagnostic methods, the incidence of inhalation injury from all chemical irritants is not readily available. [clinicaladvisor.com]

48 Introduction Epidemiology The global burden of disease represented by inhalation injuries continues to grow. Industrialization of developing nations results in increased morbidity and mortality. [clinicalgate.com]

The pathophysiology of the injury is multifaceted and induces distant organ dysfunction ( Fig. 48.1 ). [clinicalgate.com]

Pathophysiology Chlorine is a greenish-yellow, noncombustible gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Inhalation of toxic gases leads to injury through a variety of mechanisms. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Fein A, Leff A, Hopewell PC (1980) Pathophysiology and management of the complications resulting from fire and the inhaled products of combustion. Crit Care Med 8:94–98. PubMed Google Scholar 50. [link.springer.com]

Ryles tube was inserted and nasogastric feeds were started to prevent gut bacterial translocation. Patient was kept adequately warm and hypothermia preventive measures were instituted. [medcraveonline.com]

Some of the recommended preventive safety measures that should be implemented when working in situation involving risk of exposure to toxic gases: Risk assessment of such process involving exposure of the workers to toxic gases shall be undertaken and [dosh.gov.my]

The PIR itself is flammable, but the aluminium foil is designed to prevent it catching fire. [telegraph.co.uk]

These can be prevented by regular cleaning. Electrical. Flipping a light switch. Plugging in a coffeemaker. Charging a laptop computer. [nfpa.org]

Mercury: Compounds used to coat metals to prevent rust or inhibit foliage growth (marine paints). Under the intense heat of the arc or gas flame, mercury vapors will be produced. [seegerweiss.com]