Of the 20 presentations of gastrointestinal anthrax, 3 presented with symptoms of upper tract disease characterized by dysphagia and oropharyngeal findings, and the remaining presented with lower tract disease characterized by abdominal pain and vomiting [jamanetwork.com]

The intestinal form presents with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. The injection form presents with fever and an abscess at the site of drug injection. [dbpedia.org]

Case Presentation. We report an isolation of Bacillus anthracis from blood culture of patient with intestinal anthrax. [hindawi.com]

Children with anthrax present with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms, somewhat differ from the presenting features of adults with anthrax. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Conclusion: Gastrointestinal anthrax is characterized by rapid onset, fever, ascitis and septicemia. The symptoms can mimic those seen in an acute surgical abdomen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Others in the group may have transient fever and recover completely, develop the intestinal form or have swollen necks. [pigprogress.net]

• Pain

  Table 1 Demographic characteristics, presentation and outcome Age Sex Symptom WBC Surgery Survival Patient 1 26 F Abdominal pain 32000 Right hemicolectomy alive Patient 2 25 M Abdominal pain 21000 Right hemicolectomy alive Patient 3 17 M Abdominal pain [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The intestinal form presents with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. The injection form presents with fever and an abscess at the site of drug injection. [dbpedia.org]

• Fatigue

  If the Bacillus anthracis spores are inhaled, the initial signs of disease are usually flu-like symptoms including fever, sore throat, feeling unwell, body aches, fatigue, cough and chest discomfort. [ccohs.ca]

  If inhaled, a person shows flu-like symptoms: fever, aches, fatigue, nonproductive cough, chest discomfort, breathing difficulties, sweating, and blue lips and extremities. [sharecare.com]

  Inhalation anthrax begins with flulike symptoms, namely fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and shortness of breath. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms include productive cough, myalgia, fatigue and fever, sweating. This if followed by rapid deterioration with high fever, dyspnea, cyanosis and shock. [healthknowledge.org.uk]

  Inhalation anthrax symptoms include fever, fatigue, malaise and a cough or chest pain. High fever, rapid pulse, and severe difficulty breathing follow in 2-5 days. Inhalation anthrax is often fatal. [chfs.ky.gov]

• Vomiting

  Initial nausea, loss of appetite, fever and vomiting is followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood and acute diarrhoea. Effects Without treatment it results in death for 24% to 60% of cases. Treatment Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. [news.bbc.co.uk]

  GI symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity. The patient may vomit blood, and severe prostration accompanies bloody diarrhea. [visualdx.com]

  All patients were admitted with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Examination revealed abdominal distention on the right lower quadrant or diffuse tenderness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  Initial nausea, loss of appetite, fever and vomiting is followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood and acute diarrhoea. Effects Without treatment it results in death for 24% to 60% of cases. Treatment Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. [news.bbc.co.uk]

  Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Anthrax Gastrointestinal anthrax symptoms can include: Stomach pain Loss of appetite Bloody diarrhea Nausea Fever Vomiting blood. [anthrax.emedtv.com]

  All patients were admitted with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Examination revealed abdominal distention on the right lower quadrant or diffuse tenderness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  Table 1 Demographic characteristics, presentation and outcome Age Sex Symptom WBC Surgery Survival Patient 1 26 F Abdominal pain 32000 Right hemicolectomy alive Patient 2 25 M Abdominal pain 21000 Right hemicolectomy alive Patient 3 17 M Abdominal pain [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Initial nausea, loss of appetite, fever and vomiting is followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood and acute diarrhoea. Effects Without treatment it results in death for 24% to 60% of cases. Treatment Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. [news.bbc.co.uk]

• Loss of Appetite

  Initial nausea, loss of appetite, fever and vomiting is followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood and acute diarrhoea. Effects Without treatment it results in death for 24% to 60% of cases. Treatment Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. [news.bbc.co.uk]

  Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Anthrax Gastrointestinal anthrax symptoms can include: Stomach pain Loss of appetite Bloody diarrhea Nausea Fever Vomiting blood. [anthrax.emedtv.com]

  Loss of Appetite. Formation of lesions and sores in mouth and throat making it difficult to eat. It enters the large intestine or the bowel system and is absorbed in the blood stream and makes more toxins in the process. [digestion.ygoy.com]

  When the infection localises in the intestine (intestinal form), fever, digestive disturbance, loss of appetite and the passage of bloody faeces may be seen. Death is uncommon in this form. [pigprogress.net]

  The symptoms include fever, chills, swelling of neck or neck glands, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea. [ccohs.ca]

• Dysphagia

  Involvement of the pharynx is characterized by lesions at the base of the tongue and tonsils, with sore throat, dysphagia, fever and regional lymphadenopathy. [healthknowledge.org.uk]

  In oropharyngeal anthrax, fever, neck swelling due to lymphadenopathy, throat pain, oral ulcers and dysphagia may be followed by severe local ulcers and swelling, septicaemia and death. [www2.health.vic.gov.au]

  Symptoms for oropharyngeal illness may include fever, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), collection of fluid (edema) in the tissues of the throat, and swelling of the lymph nodes. [rarediseases.org]

  Like adults, the children with gastrointestinal anthrax have two distinct presentations, upper tract disease characterized by dysphagia and oropharyngeal findings and lower tract disease characterized by fever, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting ( 6 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Heart Block

  We analyzed only the right lung because the heart blocked a large portion of the left lung's emitted light. [journals.plos.org]

• Flushing

  Phase III was characterized by paroxysmal abdominal pain, rapidly increasing abdominal girth, ascites, flushed face, red conjunctiva and often shock ( 4 - 5 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms include: fever and chills, swelling of neck, painful swallowing, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting (especially bloody vomiting), diarrhea, flushing and red eyes, and swelling of abdomen. [19] Injection, symptoms are similar to those of cutaneous [en.wikipedia.org]

• Back Pain

  On December 5, the woman began experiencing minor sweating and myalgias that progressed to back pain. Within a week, symptoms of nausea and vomiting had developed, and by December 15, she was admitted to a local NH hospital. [academic.oup.com]

  The most commonly observed side effects were headache, back pain, nausea and infusion site pain and swelling. [aetna.com]

• Headache

  Signs and symptoms include: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Headache Loss of appetite Fever Severe, bloody diarrhea in the later stages of the disease Sore throat and difficulty swallowing Swollen neck Inhalation anthrax Inhalation anthrax develops when [mayoclinic.org]

  Inhalation anthrax begins with flulike symptoms, namely fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, and shortness of breath. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  There may be fever, headache, muscle ache, vomiting and regional lymphadenopathy. The disease can be readily cured with appropriate treatment. Inhalation anthrax: It is the most severe form of anthrax. [chp.gov.hk]

  Initially, there is a flu-like illness with a nonproductive nausea, vomiting, sore throat, cough, sweats, fever, confusion, headache and myalgia. [patient.info]

  Less than one percent of appropriately treated cutaneous anthrax cases result in death.6 Initially, inhalation anthrax may resemble a common cold with fever, chills, headache, body ache, and cough. [osha.gov]

• Nystagmus

  Neurologic findings included meningeal signs, eye deviation with horizontal nystagmus and nonreactive pupils, and coma. He had normal findings on chest radiography. [jamanetwork.com]

Cases were highly heterogeneous with respect to age, year of disease onset, nationality, diagnostic workup, and treatment regimen. Most of the included cases were adolescents. [jamanetwork.com]

• Hyponatremia

  She had profound leukocytosis (WBC >40 K), hemoconcentration (hematocrit >60), and mild hyponatremia. An abdominal / pelvis CT revealed massive ascites with focal nonspecific small bowel pathology and abnormal retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. [visualdx.com]

  Finally, despite hypotension, ET produced 10-fold increases in urine output as well as hyponatremia, suggesting renal tubular dysfunction ( 42 ). [atsjournals.org]

[…] received and year of treatment). [jamanetwork.com]

Effects Without treatment it results in death for 24% to 60% of cases. Treatment Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. [news.bbc.co.uk]

Treatment Consult PHE's most recently updated guidelines for treatment [ 2 ] and immediately contact the local Hospital Infection Control Team. [patient.info]

Inhalation anthrax requires aggressive treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization. [sharecare.com]

Prognosis of cutaneous anthrax is usually better than that of inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax. Epidemiology Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

This is a rarer disease as compared to cutaneous anthrax and has a poor prognosis. © Publisher Full text loading... Article metrics loading... [journals.co.za]

What is the prognosis for anthrax infections? The prognosis for anthrax infections depends on the type of infection and how rapidly antibiotic treatment is initiated. [medicinenet.com]

In general, the sooner treatment is started, the better the prognosis (outcome). [osha.gov]

List three disease along with the etiological agent that Alexa could have based on her symptoms. [austincc.edu]

Etiology Pathogen : Bacillus anthracis Transmission Human infection occurs following exposure to B. anthracis or its spores, usually as a result of contact with infected animals or infected animal products (e.g., wool, hide, meat) Weaponized anthrax: [amboss.com]

Etiology Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a large, aerobic, Gram-positive rod. The organism is easy to culture and nonhemolytic colonies appear on blood agar in 12-18 hours. [vetmed.iastate.edu]

Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax —a common disease of livestock and, occasionally, of humans—and the only obligate pathogen within the genus Bacillus. [1] B. anthracis is a Gram-positive, endospore -forming, rod-shaped bacterium, with [en.wikipedia.org]

He also created pure cultures of the bacilli and showed that this also caused disease. [12] These experiments served as the prototype for Koch's postulates. [13] Etiology/Bacteriology Taxonomy Anthrax spores in the lung [3] Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.com]

We describe the clinical course of gastrointestinal anthrax, outline current therapy, review the microbiology of B anthracis, examine the epidemiology of natural outbreaks, discuss considerations regarding deliberate contamination, and summarize existing [jamanetwork.com]

The diagnosis of GI anthrax requires a high index of suspicion may be diagnosed on the basis of epidemiology or microbiologic, pathologic or serologic testing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology Virulence factors Antiphagocytic capsule (containing poly-D-glutamate ) Anthrax toxin : responsible for the local and systemic manifestations of anthrax Infection Local germination of B. anthracis spores and multiplication of bacteria [amboss.com]

Sepsis and pathophysiology of anthrax in a nonhuman primate model.. Am J Pathol 169 :, 433– – 444. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] http://sgm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmmcr/10.1099/jmmcr.0.000013 Supplementary Data Data loading.... [jmmcr.microbiologyresearch.org]

Pathophysiological characteristics. Cutaneous anthrax results from skin exposure to B. anthracis, presumably from surface contamination. [cid.oxfordjournals.org]

Additional studies of such proteases have implicated them in other pathophysiologic effects ( 61 ). Secondary changes with anthrax infection that may contribute to shock. [atsjournals.org]

In these situations, on the basis of pathophysiology, reported incubation periods, current expert clinical judgment, and lack of data, post-exposure prophylaxis might consist of antibiotic therapy for 7 to 14 days. [aetna.com]

Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.com]

Rest what can be done is prevention. In the case of this infection, the statement ai???Prevention is better than cureai??? is absolutely applicable. [digestion.ygoy.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults. Emerg Infect Dis 2014. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2002.130687. Raxibacumab [package insert]. [medscape.com]

The decision to offer preventative antibiotics to those persons exposed is dependent upon the level of exposure. An anthrax vaccine may also prevent anthrax disease. [health.gov.on.ca]

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 ; 59 : 872 – 877. 23 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Society for Microbiology, Association for Public Health Laboratories. [academic.oup.com]