All patients made a complete recovery with intravenous antibiotics and did not present with relapses or major infections during long-term follow-up. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most of the time the disease presents mimicking enteric fever, malaria, etc. At present, diagnosis of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections largely depends upon culture based methods. [epostersonline.com]

Presenters echoed a need for improved diagnostics for enteric fever and iNTS; most cases in areas to which these diseases are endemic are reported without microbiologic confirmation. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

The minimum estimates of community‐based incidence are presented in Table 2. Table 2. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old man with no known past medical history presented with a one week history of nightly fevers to 38.8-39C. [shmabstracts.com]

• Splenomegaly

  Symptoms of iNTS are similar to malaria, including fever (>90%) and splenomegaly (>40%) ( Sharon M. [fondazionesclavo.org]

  Clinical and radiological examination revealed splenomegaly. Provisionally she was suspected to be suffering from enteric fever / urinary tract infection. [epostersonline.com]

  On the other hand, severe anaemia and splenomegaly, which are often related to malaria in this population, were significantly associated with NTS. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  Splenomegaly, leucopenia, anemia, liver function abnormalities, proteinuria, and a mild consumption coagulopathy are common Diarrhea is a late symptom, usually in the third week of illness and still may contain blood. [slideshare.net]

• Intestinal Perforation

  Complications Relapse, intestinal perforation and hemorrhage are the most serious. [slideshare.net]

  The disease is characterized by chronic fever that can lead to serious complications including intestinal perforation or neurological problems if untreated. [ivi.int]

  The serious complications of typhoid fever occur in 10%–15% of hospitalized patients, generally after 2–3 weeks of illness, and may include life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, and encephalopathy. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  Consider surgical consultation for patients with enteric fever who appear to have complications such as intestinal perforation, splenic rupture, or pancreatitis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Typhoid fever complicated by intestinal perforation: a persisting fatal disease requiring surgical management. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr. 7(2):244-56. [Medline]. Crum NF. Current trends in typhoid Fever. [medscape.com]

• Hepatosplenomegaly

  Hepatosplenomegaly can often be detected. A transient, maculopapular rash of rose-colored spots can occasionally be seen on the trunk. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and respiratory symptoms are common. Features of enterocolitis are often absent [1]. Treatment consists of the administration of antibiotics; however, with caution of possible antimicrobial resistance. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

• Confusion

  Symptoms In addition to the diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramping commonly associated with salmonellosis, symptoms can include high fevers, chills, swelling, flushed skin, increased heart rate, confusion, hyperventilation, and high blood pressure. [verywell.com]

  Often confused with malaria because it causes high fevers, iNTS kills up to half of the adults it infects. [sciencemag.org]

  The clinical presentation is often confused with malaria, and typhoid fever should be suspected in a person with a history of travel to an endemic area who is not responding to antimalarial medication. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

  In the elderly the disease is often confused with ischemic colitis. It can lead to death. Children (1-4 years) and occasionally adults with EHEC infection can develop HUS, which also can lead to death. [slideshare.net]

She was discharged after one week and repeat blood culture taken after treatment was sterile. [epostersonline.com]

Treatment duration can last anywhere from seven to 10 days, depending on severity. Intravenous fluids would be administered to address any fluid deficits. Maintenance therapy should continue for six to eight months after completion of treatment. [verywell.com]

Paratyphi A showed high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin; Nepal’s National Antibiotic Treatment Guideline ( http://www.mohp.gov.np/index.php/publication/155-national-antibiotic-treatment-guideline ) recommends ciproflaxacin for treatment [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Top Dentist Treatment, India wishes all a very Happy Shivratri ! [pinterest.at]

In these patients, prompt appropriate treatment leads to favorable outcomes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis is usually good unless severe underlying disease is present. Asymptomatic carriage is usually self-limited and antibiotics treatment is rarely required. [slideshare.net]

Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis More information 1. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010. [docsplayer.org]

Incidence and prognosis of non-typhoid Salmonella bacteraemia in Denmark: a 10-year county-based follow-up study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 ; 25 : 151 – 8. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Surgical management and prognosis of perforation secondary to typhoid fever. Trop Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr-Jun. 37 (2):123-8. [Medline]. Pham Thanh D, Karkey A, Dongol S, et al. [medscape.com]

The course disease may progress to a chronic constrictive pattern especially with tubercular etiology. Non-typhoidal Salmonella has rarely been reported as a cause of pericarditis. [cureus.com]

The susceptibility profiles varied between the three different etiological groups and we found that S. [journals.plos.org]

From: Nbcnews.com [2] Etiology/Bacteriology Taxonomy | Domain = Bacteria | Phylum = Proteobacteria | Class = Gammaproteobacteria | Order = Enterobacteriales | Family = Enterobacteriaceae | Genus = Salmonella | Species = S. enterica | serotype = Typhimurium [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

Etiology  The causative organism, V. cholerae, serogroups 01 and 1039. Epidemic cholera is caused by V. cholerae serogroup 01. which is divided into three serotypes, Ogava, Inaba, Hikojima. [slideshare.net]

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between malaria and invasive non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) infections, especially in children. We explore the role of iron as a possible cofactor in this association. [agris.fao.org]

METHODOLOGY We analysed the epidemiology, clinical presentation and serotype distribution of invasive NTS among Mozambican children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital between May 2001 and April 2006. [semanticscholar.org]

10,000 Salmonella Genomes Project A worldwide effort to understand the epidemiology, transmission and virulence of invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis. [10k-salmonella-genomes.com]

There are currently no licensed vaccines against paratyphoid fever and iNTS disease, however several candidates are in development and surveillance for paratyphoid fever and iNTS will help establish robust baseline epidemiological data for future vaccine [chrfbd.org]

Tschäpe H (1983) Plasmid pattern analysis of natural bacterial isolates and its epidemiological implication. J Hyg (Camb) 90: 475–488 CrossRef Google Scholar 68. [link.springer.com]

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have been responsible for maintaining the format for formula designation. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

The proper diagnosis and timely treatment is essential and understanding of the pathogenesis between these correlations will assist in the development of preventive strategies for this illness. [journalcmpr.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [verywell.com]

Prevention of Salmonella Infection These safety measures can help prevent Salmonella poisoning: Wash your hands before preparing food and after handling raw meats Cook meat and eggs thoroughly until they reach an internal temperature of 160 F (71 C) Do [foodborneillness.com]

With options for treatment diminishing, we must renew our efforts to prevent these severe bacterial infections. [kemri-wellcome.org]